Ṣàngó Tẹ̀ Dún

Prieto ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Henry B. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Military

Once Prieto retired from the military, he and his wife, Maria Francisca Camejo, became the leaders of one Cuba’s most famous cabildos de nación dedicated to Santa Bárbara, aka Ṣàngó. Their leadership lasted between c. 1818 and 1835. In this mutual aid society, Camejo and Prieto organized extensive festivals, and participated in many different types of religions from Africa and Cuba, which are arguably at the root of modern-day Santería.

Violent Origins of Authoritarian Variation: Rebellion Type and Regime Type in Cold War Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Slater
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The State ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

AbstractDictatorships are every bit as institutionally diverse as democracies, but where does this variation come from? This article argues that different types of internal rebellion influence the emergence of different types of authoritarian regimes. The critical question is whether rebel forces primarily seek to seize state power or to escape it. Regional rebellions seeking toescapethe state raise the probability of a military-dominated authoritarian regime, since they are especially likely to unify the military while heightening friction between civilian and military elites. Leftist rebellions seeking toseizethe state are more likely to give rise to civilian-dominated dictatorships by inspiring ‘joint projects’ in which military elites willingly support party-led authoritarian rule. Historical case studies of Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam illustrate the theory, elaborating how different types of violent conflict helped produce different types of dictatorships across the breadth of mainland and island Southeast Asia during the Cold War era.

European Jihadi Cells and the motivations behind them

2021 ◽  
pp. 333-354
Author(s):  
Farhad Khosrokhavar
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
High School Sports ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Military ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Web

Chapter 7 describes the different types of jihadi cells, highlighting their differences as well as some similarities between them. Each cell has a life of its own, and the essence of each is determined by group dynamics, the origins of its leaders, the interactions between its members, and their cultural and economic homogeneity or heterogeneity. Each of these factors plays a significant role in the radicalization and in the effectiveness of the group to implement its goals. In general, cells are loosely structured, and it is very rare to find “egalitarian cells” or “leaderless” groups of friends or buddies, contrary to the claims of some researchers. Sometimes, they have more than one leader, a division of tasks occurring between them (for instance, the ideological and the military). Jihadi actors choose to belong to a group for many reasons: friendship, spatial proximity (they live in the same neighborhood), attendance at the same university, high school, sports association, or mosque, and so on These facets have been frequently studied, some researchers focusing on the horizontal relationships (a group of friends without formal hierarchy) or vertical ones (the presence of a leader and his lieutenants), their actual link with a larger network (al-Qaeda, IS) or imaginary (laying claim or making allegiance without any effective ties), the degree of their dependence on the web, or the greater or lesser scope of the group (from a solo jihadi to large groups of more than ten or fifteen people).

Out of the Barracks: The Role of the Military in Democratic Revolutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Degaut
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Tiananmen Square ◽  
Velvet Revolution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
Action Theories ◽  
The Military

Why some democratic revolutions succeed while others fail? The scholarly community has sought to address this issue from various perspectives, from rational choice approaches to collective action theories. Too little attention, however, has been paid to analyzing the role of the military. By discussing the different types of interactions played by the military in five cases of successful democratic revolutions—the 1910 Portuguese Republican Revolution, the 1958 Venezuelan Revolution, the 1960 April Revolution in South Korea, the 1989 Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, and the 2000 Bulldozer Revolution in Yugoslavia—and three cases of failed revolutions, the 1905 bourgeois-liberal revolution in Russia, the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests in China, and the 2016 Turkey’s coup attempt, this study finds out that the key factor in determining their outcome is the army’s response and that the military backing is a necessary condition for a democratic revolution to succeed.

scholarly journals An Analysis and Testing of Functional Availability Military Vehicles, in the Aspect of Reliability

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-423
Author(s):  
Kamil Przybysz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Markov Process ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Military ◽  
Exploitation Intensity ◽  
The Way

Abstract The paper pertains to matters related to the quantification of functional availability of military vehicles, with reference to exploitation intensity and reliability aspects. The conducted exploitation research paved the way for elaborating methods of determining functional availability for military vehicles, in particular focusing on exploitation intensity and reliability. The essential research was conducted using the developed mathematical model based on the probabilistic, stochastic Markov process, which allowed modelling the process of changes in the exploitation states of military vehicles. In the course of the research, which enabled the authors to estimate the functional availability value, four-layered probes of the military vehicles were used (different types and makes), from the second exploitation phase, with varied mileage from the beginning of the exploitation and average mileage per year.

scholarly journals GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DO COMPLEXO MILITAR FORTE SANTA BÁRBARA – FORMOSA-GO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Cícero Alves Jacinto ◽  
Lucijane Monteiro de Abreu ◽  
Elaine Nolasco Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Military ◽  
Proper Disposal

<p>O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um diagnóstico do sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos do Complexo Militar do Exército Brasileiro, Forte Santa Bárbara (Complexo FSB), em Formosa-GO, sob a égide da Lei 12.305/10. O levantamento dos dados ocorreu nos meses de abril a julho de 2018 por meio de visitas <em>in loco,</em> entrevistas e amostragem dos resíduos. Os resultados obtidos no diagnóstico indicaram que a instituição não faz a segregação de resíduos para o descarte, exceto a fração orgânica gerada no refeitório. Identificou-se que são geradas cerca de 3,6 ton/mês de resíduos, considerando a população de 1.000 indivíduos, sendo que 49% dos resíduos são orgânicos e originados, em grande maioria, no refeitório; 37% são recicláveis; e apenas 14% são rejeitos. Os resíduos sólidos da saúde gerados na Seção Sanitária e os gerados no setor de oficinas e garagens possuem destinação final ambientalmente adequada. Os resíduos e rejeitos são coletados pelo serviço de limpeza urbana de Formosa-GO e encaminhados para o aterro controlado da cidade. Concluiu-se que o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos, produzidos pelo Complexo FSB, precisa se adequar à Lei 12.305/10.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Plano de gerenciamento. Coleta seletiva. Caracterização de resíduos. Exército. Cerrado.</p><p> </p><p align="center">SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF THE MILITARY COMPLEX FORTE SANTA BÁRBARA – FORMOSA/GO</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The aim of this study was to carry out a diagnosis of the solid waste management system of the Brazilian Army Military Complex named Forte Santa Bárbara (Complex FSB), located in Formosa, in the state of Goiás/Brazil, under the aegis of the Law 12.305/10. Data collection was carried out from April to July 2018 through on-site visits, interviews, and waste sampling. The results obtained in the diagnosis indicated that the institution does not separate waste for proper disposal, except for the organic fraction generated in the cafeteria, it was identified that, considering a population of 1,000 individuals, about 3,6 ton/month of residues is generated; 49% of it is organic and originated in its vast majority in the cafeteria; 37% is recyclable; and only 14% configures waste. The solid health residues generated in the Sanitary Section and those generated in the garages sectors have an environmentally appropriate destination. Wastes and residues are collected by the urban cleaning service of Formosa and sent to the city’s-controlled landfill. It was concluded that the management of solid waste produced by the FSB Complex needs to comply with the Law 12.305/10.</p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Management plan. Selective collect. Waste characterization. Army. Cerrado.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of brain bioelectrical activity in infants who suffered from stress due to military conflict depending on type of feeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
T. V. Shirina ◽  
I. B. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electroencephalographic Study ◽  
The Military

The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of brain electrical activity in infants who suffered from stress due to military conflict and who were on different types of feeding. An electroencephalographic study was conducted in 68 infants who were in the military conflict zone and formed the main group. These infants were divided into 2 subgroups. Subgroup Ia included 36 infants who were breastfeeding. Subgroup Ib included 32 infants who were on artificial feeding. EEG was also made to 88 children who made up a control group and were outside the zone of military conflict. Of these, 47 children were breastfed, who entered the subgroup IIa and 41 children were on artificial feeding, included in subgroup IIb. The study was carried out with the help of a hardware-software complex for recording and processing electroencephalograms and evoked potentials DX-NT 32. The most pronounced physiological changes in brain bioelectrical activity were detected in the group of children undergoing stress of war and being on artificial feeding, which were manifested by lower parameters of the amplitude, frequency and time index of alpha and beta rhythms, increased amplitude, frequency and time index of delta and theta rhythms.

scholarly journals Surge, retraction and prices: the performance of fiat coins in Sweden, c. 1715–1720

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-282
Author(s):  
Peter Ericsson ◽  
Patrik Winton
Keyword(s):  
State Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Military ◽  
Great Northern War

From 1716 to 1718, Sweden experienced a shock of liquidity when the absolutist regime of Charles XII issued large amounts of fiat coins (mynttecken) in order to finance the Great Northern War. After the death of the king in November 1718, the new parliamentary regime decided to partially default on the coins. In international literature, this episode is largely unknown, and in Swedish historiography, scholars have often claimed that the country's currency collapsed in hyperinflation. We assess the performance of the new coins by studying how prices of commodities in various geographic locations developed. We also study bookkeeping practices in order to see how accountants treated the new coins. Our results show that there was a complex relationship between prices and liquidity. Prices of products in high demand by the military increased more than other prices. Accountants did not treat mynttecken and other currencies differently in 1718. It was only after the death of the king that accountants started to differentiate between different types of coins. The value of the fiat coins was linked to the actions and the legitimacy of the royal regime, which is in line with the State theory of money.

Deployment of a Social Worker

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Eric J. Kirwan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Work Skill ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Military

In this chapter, the author discusses adaptability as the most valuable quality for a social worker. Reflecting on his career, the author discusses his ability to adjust to any situation and connect with different types of people. That skill has translated well for him in his career. He especially focuses on his experiences as a combat social worker during deployment, since he used every social work skill to be effective in this setting. He discusses the many challenges and the lessons he learned from being a combat social worker. He notes, for example, that mental health is not well-received in the military, especially within certain combat-focused units. He describes how it requires a lot of outreach and integration with members to help develop rapport and reduce stigma. One lesson learned: playing ping-pong seemed to be one of the popular activities among other strategies used to build relations within units while doing outreach.

The documentation system of anti-Bolshevist government’s military departments during the Russian Civil War

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Р. Париева
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Clerical Work ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Military

Статья посвящена вопросам документирования деятельности органов военного управления антибольшевистских правительств и системе военной документации, сложившейся в период Гражданской войны в России. На основании изучения нормативных документов дореволюционной России, регламентировавших ведение письмоводства и делопроизводства в царской армии, и архивных документов, находящихся на хранении в Российском государственном военном архиве, автором сделаны выводы о попытке сохранения имперских традиций в этой области, точном соблюдении установленных правил составления и оформления служебных документов, относящихся к системе военной документации в Белой армии. Система военной документации в статье разделена на группы: организационные документы, распорядительные, служебная переписка, документы оперативного характера. Особое внимание уделено видам документов, их функциям, стилистике написания текстов документов. Приведены примеры различных видов документов, относящихся к системе военной документации и использовавшихся в период Гражданской войны в России. This article is devoted to the issues of documenting the operations of military authorities of anti-Bolshevik governments and the system of military documentation that developed during the Russian Civil War. The author studied pre-revolutionary Russian documents that regulated clerical work in the Tsar's army, and archival documents stored in the Russian State Military Archive. Based on those documents, the author draws conclusions about attempts to preserve Imperial traditions in that area, as well as strict adherence to existing rules for drafting and formalising official documentation related to the White Army. The article divides the military documentation system into several groups: organisational documents, executive documents, official correspondence, operational documents. The author focuses on the types of documents, their functions and the language used. The article provides examples of different types of documents related to the military documentation system and used during the Russian Civil War.

Public communication strategies of international humanitarian organizations

2005 ◽  
Vol 87 (860) ◽  
pp. 673-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Dijkzeul ◽  
Markus Moke
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe article studies the public communication strategies of large humanitarian NGOs as well as UN organizations with regard to the humanitarian principles. It shows that different strategies concerning impartiality vs. solidarity and independence vs. subcontracting cause a wide diversity of humanitarian positions, which lead to different types of public communication strategies. It also discusses several recent trends and three scenarios concerning humanitarian public communication, focusing on interaction with donors and the military, as well as the security situation on the ground. The article concludes that it is essential for humanitarian organizations to understand the different interpretations of the humanitarian principles and that this will help in establishing a strategic approach toward public communication at headquarters, as well as in the field.

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