Slaves of the Depression

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-98
Author(s):  
Nina Silber
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Federal Theatre ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Way

The language of slavery reverberated over the course of the Depression, with many Americans describing their working and living conditions in these years as something akin to slavery. Yet the language of “white enslavement” assumed particular power in these years, especially for the way it spoke to the immediate and unexpected economic crisis experienced by white Americans. In contrast, black enslavement seemed quaint and far less troubling. This pattern was apparent in the dramas put on by the Federal Theatre, the interviews conducted by writers in the WPA with former slaves, and in Hollywood films like I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang; Judge Priest; and the Prisoner of Shark Island.

scholarly journals The Brickworkers of Khatunabad: A Striking Record (1953–1979)

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Floor
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Strong Competition ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Way

This article discusses the working and living conditions of unskilled labourers in South Tehran, and pays particular attention to the workers of the brick-kiln factories of Khatunabad. The brick-kiln workers, mostly transient rural workers, were among the poorest of the Iranian labour class. At the same time, in terms of sheer numbers they represented 5 per cent of the population of Tehran in 1960. They lived and worked under appalling conditions but, nevertheless, they only seldom went on strike. The brickworkers' main concern was not so much their working conditions, but rather to get and hold a job. This was difficult, because (1) they were seasonal labour; (2) they had no representative workers' organization to speak for them; (3) the way their industry was organized left them with little power; and (4) there was strong competition from other unskilled and unemployed labourers. Finally, the six known strikes by the brick-kiln workers will be highlighted, and used to discuss the context in which all Iranian workers had to operate.

scholarly journals SWACCHA BHARAT MISSION: MANUAL SCAVENGING, A QUESTION OF HUMAN DIGNITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Amrit Patel
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
First Century ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Way

Shree Bezwada Wilson, the activist of safaiKarmachariAndolan& recipient of the Magsaysay award for the year 2016 aptly says” I realized we are not doing scavenging because we are illiterate and poor. We are doing it because of the way society is organized” His fight is “When technology has advanced so much, why the work cannot be done mechanically?”  When India has committed to a massive Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan making country swaccha by 2nd October 2019, immediate inevitable need is to address the miserable plight of country’s manual scavengers and pay focused attention acknowledging the fact that manual scavenging is a question of human dignity rather than sanitation issues. Even after seven decades since Independence, it is a matter of national shame that thousands of scavenger families still live a socially degrading and inhuman life in the twenty-first century. Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, struggled throughout his life to ameliorate the working and living conditions of this section of society and to restore to them their lost human dignity. This article briefly highlights the curse of manual scavenging, weaknesses of the 1993 Law and rehabilitation program, proposed new Bill and suggests Action Plan to liberate and rehabilitate manual scavengers by the end of 2019 by drawing appropriate Road Map.

Everyday Life in Wartime Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Mick
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses everyday life under foreign occupation during the Second World War. Living conditions were very different depending on class, race, location, and time. People living in Poland, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the occupied territories of the Soviet Union were not only much more exposed to terror and mass crimes; their standards of living were also much lower than in western Europe. Some experiences, however, were shared. The chapter focuses on certain common daily experiences: procuring food and other daily necessities; the relationship between peasants and urban populations; the working and living conditions in cities and towns; the role of families and the importance of networks; and the impact of terror, destruction, and insecurity on society and individuals. Living under foreign occupation partly corrupted the moral standards governing human relations, but there was also solidarity which focused on a core group of people consisting of family and close friends.

About the so-called. tendovaginitis crepitans in metalworkers

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
A. I. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

Occupational diseases play a fairly prominent role in the morbidity of workers in various sectors of our economy. Therefore, the study of etiological and contributing moments is a necessary condition for their prevention and the creation of the correct working and living conditions. Diseases of the tendon sheaths constitute one of the important chapters of occupational health and social pathology, however, our knowledge of the origin and nature of tendovaginitis is still far from complete resolution, and numerous works on this issue, which have appeared recently both in foreign literature (Frisch, Sattler, Hauck), and in Russian (Shugaev, Israilson, Golyanitsky and Obolenskaya, Konshin, etc.) they convincingly emphasize this position.

Perceived incentives and willingness of university medical students toward working in rural primary healthcare

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zou ◽  
Dandi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Western China ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
Limited Service

Abstract Background Primary healthcare (PHC) is vital for providing more equitable, accessible and affordable healthcare to the population. However, there is a general lacking and disparity of distribution of PHC workforce, especially for rural areas in China as it is very hard to attract and retain high quality medical students to rural PHC. This study was to investigate the willingness of university medical students toward working in rural PHC and their perceived incentives and compare that between medical programmes. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted in a leading medical university of Western China in 2017. All second-year Preventive Medicine (MBP, 5 years programme) and third-year Doctorate of Medicine (MD, 8 years programme) students participated. The willingness and perceived incentives toward working in rural PHC were analysed and compared between students of the two programmes. Results A total of 201 students, including 115 MBP and 86 MD students, participated in the study. The overall willingness rate toward working in rural PHC was 16%. More MBP (23%) than MD students (7%) expressed willingness without mention of incentives (p<0.05). The most preferred incentives were adequate remuneration (62%), non-inferior working and living conditions to urban area (58%), limited service years (56%) and privilege to postgraduate education and promotion (55%), though 13% expressed willingness under no circumstances. More MBP than MD students preferred to postgraduate education and promotion (65% vs. 43%, p<0.05) and limited service years (63% vs. 56%, p<0.05), but similar in other incentives (p>0.05). The willingness rate increased from 2%~5%, 9%~14%, 27%~25%, to 81% with single-, two-, three-, four- incentives as mentioned above, and similar between students of the two programmes. Conclusions The willingness of university medical students to work in rural PHC was low. However, more MBP students show willingness than MD students. Multiple incentives including adequate remuneration, opportunities of postgraduate education and promotion, proper working and living conditions and limited service years may be much more effective than any single incentive to attract university medical students especially MBP students to rural PHC service. Further investigation of appropriate incentives in details and interventional studies are warranted to inform relevant policy making.

“Hiding in Plain Sight”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Megan Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Racial Passing ◽  
War Films ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This chapter focuses on political passing, in which the specter of passing was utilized in Hollywood films produced in the context of the Cold War. Films about political passing called into question who was who and the nature of identity. The notion that somebody could pass politically mirrored fears about racial passing, complicated by postwar obsessions with Communism. The chapter examines how anti-Communist films such as My Son John and Woman on Pier 13 tackle the “enemy within” and portray Communists as caricatures, either gangster-like or hyperintellectual, thus making visible what was supposed to be an invisible threat. It also considers the way anti-Communism in Hollywood exploited anxieties that were linked to postwar ideas about identity.

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