scholarly journals Coyote Management Plans and Wildlife Watch: implications for community coaching approach to public outreach in southern California

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
Alexander Heeren ◽  
Helen Bowman ◽  
Victoria Monroe ◽  
David Dodge ◽  
Kent Smirl
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
California Department ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Human Perceptions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Coaching Approach

The majority of residents in southern California live in urban areas. Therefore, working with cities to promote tolerance and coexistence with urban wildlife is crucial to the conservation and management of native species. Human conflicts with coyotes (Canis latrans) illustrate the importance of incorporating the social sciences, particularly knowledge of human behavior, communication, and education, in a coyote management strategy. Here, we review 199 cities across southern California to determine which localities have a coyote management website or a coyote management plan. We also included cities that have collaborated with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in developing a “Wildlife Watch” program model. Wildlife Watch (based on the Neighborhood Watch national crime prevention program) uses conservation-oriented principles to empower local communities, agencies, and residents to remove wildlife attractants and to exclude or deter coyotes from neighborhoods. We examine how cities with coyote management websites and programs differ from cities without, based on U.S. census demographics. Using data from coyote conflict and sighting tools (Coyote Cacher, iNaturalist, and CDFW’s Wildlife Incident Reporting System) we compare coyote reports across cities with different management plans and websites. Finally, based on demographics from the US Census, we examine ways Wildlife Watch, or related programs, can be expanded and improved. An adaptive community-based program, like Wildlife Watch, offers a valuable toolkit to managers for navigating the diverse array of human perceptions, values, and attitudes regarding urban species and human-wildlife conflicts.

scholarly journals Using Data Management Plans to Explore Variability in Research Data Management Practices Across Domains

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wells Parham ◽  
Jake Carlson ◽  
Patricia Hswe ◽  
Brian Westra ◽  
Amanda Whitmire
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
National Science ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

This paper describes an investigation into how researchers in different fields are interpreting and responding to the U.S. National Science Foundation’s data management plan (DMP) requirement. As documents written by the researchers themselves, DMPs can provide insight into researchers’ understanding of the potential value of their data to others; the environment in which their data are developed and prepared; and their willingness and ability to ensure the data are available to others now and in the long-term. With support from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the authors conducted a content analysis of DMPs generated at their respective institutions using a shared rubric. By developing and testing a rubric designed to understand and evaluate the content of DMPs, the authors intend to develop a more complete understanding, at a larger scale, of how researchers plan for managing, sharing, and archiving their data. 

Diversity of organisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Diversity Of Life

The focus of this chapter is an examination of the diversity of living organisms found within urban environments, both inside and outside buildings. The discussion commences with prions and viruses before moving on to consider micro-organisms, plants, and animals. Prions and viruses cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. Micro-organisms are ubiquitous and are found in great numbers throughout urban environments. New technologies are providing new insights into their diversity. Plants may be found inside buildings as well as in gardens and other green spaces. The final sections of the chapter offer a discussion of the diversity of animals that live in urban areas for part or all of their life cycle. Examples of the diversity of life in urban environments are presented throughout, including native and non-native species, those that are benign and deadly, and the common and the rare.

Land Loss with Compensation: What Are the Determinants of Income Among Households in Central Vietnam?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quang Phuc ◽  
A. C. M. (Guus) van Westen ◽  
Annelies Zoomers
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Compensation Packages ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of household income following the loss of land owing to urban expansion in central Vietnam. Using data mainly from household surveys in the peri-urban areas of Hue city, the regression model indicates that demographic factors and livelihood strategy choices have important impacts on household income; financial compensation and support packages do not appear to be strong determinants of household income after the loss of land. This implies a failure of the current compensation programmes in the process of compulsory land acquisition, because the government believes that compensation packages make important contributions to livelihood reconstruction. This study suggests that investing in education and skill training for household members affected by land loss as well as assistance in converting compensation money into an adequate livelihood should be taken into consideration.

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 4. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Page ◽  
Ronald E. Wall ◽  
Stephen J. Darbyshire ◽  
Gerald A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum

Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is an invasive alien plant of management concern in southern Canada where it has escaped from horticulture and established and spread in natural, ruderal, and agricultural ecosystems. It poses a threat to natural ecosystems and human health, and is also a weed in agricultural and urban areas. It is a member of the Carrot family (Apiaceae) and is closely related to the native species Heracleum maximum Bartram (cow-parsnip). It is a monocarpic perennial, which generally flowers in its 3rd or 4th year. Large size, leaf shape, dark reddish pigments in patches on stems and petioles, and fruit characteristics readily distinguish H. mantegazzianum from other plants in Canada. It is increasingly common in riparian areas, floodplains, and forest edges in or near urban areas in southwestern British Columbia and southern Ontario. Based on herbarium specimens, H. mantegazzianum was first recorded in Ontario in 1949, British Columbia in 1964, Nova Scotia in 1980, Quebec in 1990, and New Brunswick in 2000. The development of dense stands of H. mantegazzianum can also reduce the richness of native plants. Contact with H. mantegazzianum can cause phytophotodermatitis, a serious skin inflammation caused by UV photo-activation of furanocoumarins present in the sap. Control methods include herbicide application, mechanical cutting, and animal grazing, but strategies to address seed dispersal and re-establishment from dormant seed must also be adopted. Widespread establishment in southern Canada suggests that eradication is unlikely. However, range expansion and rapid population growth can be prevented through strategic management including public education. Key words: Giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Apiaceae, HERMZ, invasive plant, weed biology, furanocoumarins

scholarly journals Ecological variation in wealth–fertility relationships in Mongolia: the ‘central theoretical problem of sociobiology’ not a problem after all?

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1796) ◽  
pp. 20141733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Alvergne ◽  
Virpi Lummaa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Mass Privatization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Success ◽  
Status Enhancement

The negative wealth–fertility relationship brought about by market integration remains a puzzle to classic evolutionary models. Evolutionary ecologists have argued that this phenomenon results from both stronger trade-offs between reproductive and socioeconomic success in the highest social classes and the comparison of groups rather than individuals. Indeed, studies in contemporary low fertility settings have typically used aggregated samples that may mask positive wealth–fertility relationships. Furthermore, while much evidence attests to trade-offs between reproductive and socioeconomic success, few studies have explicitly tested the idea that such constraints are intensified by market integration. Using data from Mongolia, a post-socialist nation that underwent mass privatization, we examine wealth–fertility relationships over time and across a rural–urban gradient. Among post-reproductive women, reproductive fitness is the lowest in urban areas, but increases with wealth in all regions. After liberalization, a demographic–economic paradox emerges in urban areas: while educational attainment negatively impacts female fertility in all regions, education uniquely provides socioeconomic benefits in urban contexts. As market integration progresses, socio-economic returns to education increase and women who limit their reproduction to pursue education get wealthier. The results support the view that selection favoured mechanisms that respond to opportunities for status enhancement rather than fertility maximization.

Diagnostic accuracy and clinical management by realtime teledermatology. Results from the Northern Ireland arms of the UK Multicentre Teledermatology Trial

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Loane ◽  
R Corbett ◽  
S E Bloomer ◽  
D J Eedy ◽  
H E Gore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Video Link ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Management Recommendations

Diagnostic accuracy and management recommendations of realtime teledermatology consultations using low-cost telemedicine equipment were evaluated. Patients were seen by a dermatologist over a video-link and a diagnosis and treatment plan were recorded. This was followed by a face-to-face consultation on the same day to confirm the earlier diagnosis and management plan. A total of 351 patients with 427 diagnoses participated. Sixty-seven per cent of the diagnoses made over the video-link agreed with the face-to-face diagnosis. Clinical management plans were recorded for 214 patients with 252 diagnoses. For this cohort, 44 of the patients were seen by the same dermatologist at both consultations, while 56 were seen by a different dermatologist. In 64 of cases the same management plan was recommended at both consultations; a sub-optimum treatment plan was recommended in 8 of cases; and in 9 of cases the video-link management plans were judged to be inappropriate. In 20 of cases the dermatologist was unable to recommend a suitable management plan by video-link. There were significant differences in the ability to recommend an optimum management plan by video-link when a different dermatologist made the reference management plan. The results indicate that a high proportion of dermatological conditions can be successfully managed by realtime teledermatology.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, seedlings and in vivo and in vitro germination of species of the genus Cleome

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Carvalho de Castro ◽  
Claudia Simões-Gurgel ◽  
Ivan Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Marsen Garcia Pinto Coelho ◽  
Norma Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Cleome Spinosa ◽  
The Tropics

The genus Cleome is widely distributed in drier areas of the tropics and subtropics. Cleome dendroides and C. rosea are Brazilian native species that occur mainly in Atlantic Forest and sandy coastal plains, respectively ecosystems negatively affected by human impacts. Cleome spinosa is frequently found in urban areas. Many Cleome species have been used in traditional medicine, as C. spinosa. In the present work, was investigated C. dendroides, C. rosea and C. spinosa germinative behavior under in vivo conditions, as well as was established suitable conditions to in vitro germination and seedling development. The in vivo germination was performed evaluating the influence of temperature, substrate and light. It was observed that only C. spinosa seeds presents physiological dormancy, which was overcome by using alternate temperatures. The substrate influenced significantly the germination of C. rosea and the seeds of C. dendroides showed the highest germination percentages in the different conditions evaluated. The post-seminal development stages under in vivo and in vitro conditions were defined. It was observed that the development was faster under in vitro than in vivo conditions. An effective methodology for in vitro germination, enabling the providing of material to experiment on plant tissue culture was established to C. dendroides and C. spinosa.

Urban Homeownership and Mental Health: Mediating Effect of Perceived Sense of Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R. Manturuk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Trust ◽  
Control Part

What are the mechanisms responsible for homeowners’ better mental health? Social disorganization theory suggests that the relationship between homeownership and mental health is mediated by perceived sense of control, trust in neighbors, and residential stability. This hypothesis is tested using data collected from respondents in 30 low–wealth urban areas. Using propensity score matching and regression models, I find that low–income homeowners report a greater sense of control and trust in their neighbors than comparable renters. Homeownership likewise has an impact on mental health, but the effect is entirely mediated by perceived sense of control. Part of that mediating effect is related to avoiding serious delinquency in mortgage payments. However, subjective trust and residential mobility did not mediate the relationship between homeownership and mental health. The study findings are discussed in light of the need for a cohesive theory of homeownership, particularly given changing economic realities.

Contextual Density and US Automotive CO2 Emissions across the Rural–Urban Continuum

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Perumal ◽  
David Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Vehicle Fuel Efficiency ◽  
National Household Travel Survey

Using data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, we quantify the effects of settlement patterns on individual driving habits and the resulting automotive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We employ CO2 emissions to capture this impact accurately, as it reflects both vehicle miles traveled and any spatial differences in vehicle fuel efficiency choices. While previous studies have compared automotive travel in urban and suburban areas, our approach characterizes emissions across the entire US rural–urban gradient, focusing on the effects of population density. Rather than using categorical measures of contextual density (city, suburb, town, etc.), we use a geographical information system to calculate continuous measures of contextual density, that is, density at different proximities to households. These measures of contextual density allow us to model travel effects induced by the gravitational pull of the population densities of urban cores. Further, our methodological approach frames location choice as an endogenous treatment effect; that is, residential locations are not randomly assigned across our sample and significantly alter driving behavior. We find that individuals living in urban cores generate the lowest per capita automotive CO2 emissions, due to close proximities of population concentrations. Rather than attracting individuals who would likely have low CO2 emissions anyway, urban location apparently mitigates the emissions of people who would otherwise tend to have high automotive CO2 emissions. We find larger elasticities with respect to density than previous studies and also find that the attractive forces of population densities affect driving patterns at distances up to sixty-one kilometers outside of urban areas.

scholarly journals Income differentials on regional labour markets in Southwest Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-396
Author(s):  
Alice Guyot ◽  
Stefan Berwing ◽  
Maria Lauxen-Ulbrich
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Regional Types

The aim of our paper is to identify explanatory variables for income disparities between women and men across different regional types. Using data from the BA Employment Panel (BEP) descriptive statistics show that the gender pay gap grows wider from core regions to periphery. The main explanatory variables for the income differentials are vocational education in the men's case and size of enterprise in the women's case. Whereas in the case of women the importance of vocational status increases and the importance of size of enterprise decreases from rural areas to urban areas.

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