scholarly journals Bioremediation of Diazinon, Pirimicarb and Atrazine Pesticides Using Bacterial Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Highly Efficient

Bacterial species such as E.coli, S. aureus and Sa. bongori were isolated from soil by using serial dilution. Bioremediation results showed the S. aureus was highly efficient on Diazinon removal by 62%, 63.2% and 68.6%, Pirimicarb removal was 44%, 52.4% and 53.8%, and Atrazine removal was 61%, 65.6% and 70.6%. and the efficiency of E.coli removal on Diazinon was 59%, 60.8% and 63.8%; on Pirimicarb was 44%, 52.4% and 53.8%; and for Atrazine 57%, 60.8% and 64.4%. Sa. bongori efficiency on Diazinon was 49%, 51.2% and 55.8%; on Pirimicarb removal was 61%, 63.2% and 68.4%; Also, in Atrazine removal 48%, 50.4% and 57.2%. When comparing the growth rate of bacterial cells. The bacterial cells before treatment with S. aureus was 22.01×10^4, Results after treatment showed Diazinon of 35.58×10^4. The Pirimicarb 32.41×10^4 and Atrazine was 38.45 ×10^4. Either E. coli Its bacterial growth was before treatment 17.09×10^4 To show the results of growth on diazinon 30.43×10^4, Pirimicarb 27.71×10^4 and Atrazine 24.34 ×10^4. While the growth was in Sa. bongori Before treatment 10.09×10^4 While recorded a growth rate on Diazinon 18.82×10^4, Pirimicarb 19.98×10^4 and Atrazine 17.08 ×10^4.These bacterial species efficiencies on bioremediation of these three pesticides proved to be promising It can be used safely in the process of removing pesticides, yet more research on safety, mechanisms and kinetics needs to be further investigated.

Antimicrobial Activity of Gaseous Allyl Isothiocyanate

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
PASCAL J. DELAQUIS ◽  
PETER L. SHOLBERG
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Model System ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Simple Model System ◽  
Germination And Growth

A simple model system was constructed to evaluate the microbistatic and microbicidal properties of gaseous allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) against bacterial cells and fungal conidia deposited on agar surfaces. Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were inhibited when exposed to 1,000 μg AIT per liter. Pseudomonas corrugata, a Cytophaga species, and a fluorescent pseudomonad failed to grow in the presence of 500 μg AIT per liter. Germination and growth of Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus flavus, and Botrytis cinerea conidia was inhibited in the presence of 100 μg AIT per liter. Bactericidal and sporicidal activities varied with strain and increased with time of exposure, AIT concentration, and temperature. E. coli O157:H7 was the most resistant bacterial species tested.

Effect of Tannins on the In Vitro Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and In Vivo Growth of Generic Escherichia coli Excreted from Steers

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
BYENG R. MIN ◽  
WILLIAM E. PINCHAK ◽  
ROBIN C. ANDERSON ◽  
TODD R. CALLAWAY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
E Coli

The effect of commercially available chestnut and mimosa tannins in vitro (experiment 1) or in vivo (experiment 2) on the growth or recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or generic fecal E. coli was evaluated. In experiment 1, the mean growth rate of E. coli O157:H7, determined via the measurement of optical density at 600 nm during anaerobic culture in tryptic soy broth at 37°C, was reduced (P < 0.05) with as little as 400 μg of either tannin extract per ml of culture fluid. The addition of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,200 μg of tannins per ml significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the specific bacterial growth rate when compared with the nontannin control. The specific growth rate decreased with increasing dose levels up to 800 μg of tannins per ml. Bacterial growth inhibition effects in chestnut tannins were less pronounced than in mimosa tannins. Chestnut tannin extract addition ranged from 0 to 1,200 μg/ml, and a linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed in cultures incubated for 6 h against the recovery of viable cells, determined via the plating of each strain onto MacConkey agar, of E. coli O157:H7 strains 933 and 86-24, but not against strain 6058. Similar tests with mimosa tannin extract showed a linear effect (P < 0.05) against the recovery of E. coli O157:H7 strain 933 only. The bactericidal effect observed in cultures incubated for 24 h with the tannin preparations was similar, although it was less than that observed from cultures incubated for 6 h. When chestnut tannins (15 g of tannins per day) were infused intraruminally to steers fed a Bermuda grass hay diet in experiment 2, fecal E. coli shedding was lower on days 3 (P < 0.03), 12 (P = 0.08), and 15 (P < 0.001) when compared with animals that were fed a similar diet without tannin supplementation. It was concluded that dietary levels and sources of tannins potentially reduce the shedding of E. coli from the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals The Mammalian Neuroendocrine Hormone Norepinephrine Supplies Iron for Bacterial Growth in the Presence of Transferrin or Lactoferrin

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (21) ◽  
pp. 6091-6098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primrose P. E. Freestone ◽  
Mark Lyte ◽  
Christopher P. Neal ◽  
Anthony F. Maggs ◽  
Richard D. Haigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Inactive Metabolite ◽  
Serum Components ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Norepinephrine stimulates the growth of a range of bacterial species in nutritionally poor SAPI minimal salts medium containing 30% serum. Addition of size-fractionated serum components to SAPI medium indicated that transferrin was required for norepinephrine stimulation of growth of Escherichia coli. Since bacteriostasis by serum is primarily due to the iron-withholding capacity of transferrin, we considered the possibility that norepinephrine can overcome this effect by supplying transferrin-bound iron for growth. Incubation with concentrations of norepinephrine that stimulated bacterial growth in serum-SAPI medium resulted in loss of bound iron from iron-saturated transferrin, as indicated by the appearance of monoferric and apo- isoforms upon electrophoresis in denaturing gels. Norepinephrine also caused the loss of iron from lactoferrin. The pharmacologically inactive metabolite norepinephrine 3-O-sulfate, by contrast, did not result in iron loss from transferrin or lactoferrin and did not stimulate bacterial growth in serum-SAPI medium. Norepinephrine formed stable complexes with transferrin, lactoferrin, and serum albumin. Norepinephrine-transferrin and norepinephrine-lactoferrin complexes, but not norepinephrine-apotransferrin or norepinephrine-albumin complexes, stimulated bacterial growth in serum-SAPI medium in the absence of additional norepinephrine. Norepinephrine-stimulated growth in medium containing 55Fe complexed with transferrin or lactoferrin resulted in uptake of radioactivity by bacterial cells. Moreover, norepinephrine-stimulated growth in medium containing [3H]norepinephrine indicated concomitant uptake of norepinephrine. In each case, addition of excess iron did not affect growth but significantly reduced levels of radioactivity (55Fe or 3H) associated with bacterial cells. A role for catecholamine-mediated iron supply in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases is proposed.

scholarly journals Modifying TIMER, a slow-folding DsRed derivative, for optimal use in quickly-dividing bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Patel ◽  
Brendan J. O’Hara ◽  
Emily Aunins ◽  
Kimberly M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Host Tissues

AbstractIt is now well appreciated that members of pathogenic bacterial populations exhibit heterogeneity in growth rates and metabolic activity, and it is known this can impact the ability to eliminate all members of the bacterial population during antibiotic treatment. It remains unclear which pathways promote slowed bacterial growth within host tissues, primarily because it has been difficult to identify and isolate slow growing bacteria from host tissues for downstream analyses. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel variant of TIMER, a slow-folding fluorescent protein, to identify subsets of slowly dividing bacteria within host tissues. The original TIMER folds too slowly for fluorescence accumulation in quickly replicating bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis), however this TIMER42 variant accumulates signal in late stationary phase cultures of E. coli and Y. pseudotuberculosis. We show TIMER42 signal also accumulates during exposure to sources of nitric oxide (NO), suggesting TIMER42 signal detects growth-arrested bacterial cells. In a mouse model of Y. pseudotuberculosis deep tissue infection, TIMER42 signal is clearly detected, and primarily accumulates in bacteria expressing markers of stationary phase growth. There was not significant overlap between TIMER42 signal and NO-exposed subpopulations of bacteria within host tissues, suggesting NO stress was transient, allowing bacteria to recover from this stress and resume replication. This novel TIMER42 variant represents a new faster folding TIMER that will enable additional studies of slow-growing subpopulations of bacteria, specifically within bacterial species that quickly divide.Author SummaryWe have generated a variant of TIMER that can be used to mark slow-growing subsets of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which has a relatively short division time, similar to E. coli. We used a combination of site-directed and random mutagenesis to generate the TIMER42 variant, which has red fluorescent signal accumulation in post-exponential or stationary phase cells. We found that nitric oxide (NO) stress is sufficient to promote TIMER42 signal accumulation in culture, however within host tissues, TIMER42 signal correlates with a stationary phase reporter (dps). These results suggest NO may cause an immediate arrest in bacterial cell division, but during growth in host tissues exposure to NO is transient, allowing bacteria to recover from this stress and resume cell division. Thus instead of indicating a response to host stressors, TIMER42 signal accumulation within host tissues appears to identify slow-growing cells that are experiencing nutrient limitation.

scholarly journals Sinorhizobium meliloti, a Slow-Growing Bacterium, Exhibits Growth Rate Dependence of Cell Size under Nutrient Limitation

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongfeng Dai ◽  
Zichu Shen ◽  
Yiheng Wang ◽  
Manlu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slow Growing

ABSTRACTBacterial cells need to coordinate the cell cycle with biomass growth to maintain cell size homeostasis. For fast-growing bacterial species likeEscherichia coliandBacillus subtilis, it is well-known that cell size exhibits a strong dependence on the growth rate under different nutrient conditions (known as the nutrient growth law). However, cell size changes little with slow growth (doubling time of >90 min) forE. coli, posing the interesting question of whether slow-growing bacteria species also observe the nutrient growth law. Here, we quantitatively characterize the cell size and cell cycle parameter of a slow-growing bacterium,Sinorhizobium meliloti, at different nutrient conditions. We find thatS. melilotiexhibits a threefold change in its cell size when its doubling time varies from 2 h to 6 h. Moreover, the progression rate of its cell cycle is much longer than that ofE. coli, suggesting a delicate coordination between the cell cycle progression rate and the biomass growth rate. Our study shows that the nutrient growth law holds robustly regardless of the growth capacity of the bacterial species, generalizing its applicability among the bacterial kingdom.IMPORTANCEThe dependence of cell size on growth rate is a fundamental principle in the field of bacterial cell size regulation. Previous studies of cell size regulation mainly focus on fast-growing bacterial species such asEscherichia coliandBacillussubtilis. We find here thatSinorhizobium meliloti, a slow-growing bacterium, exhibits a remarkable growth rate-dependent cell size pattern under nutrient limitation, generalizing the applicability of the empirical nutrient growth law of cell size. Moreover,S. melilotiexhibits a much slower speed of cell cycle progression thanE. colidoes, suggesting a delicate coordination between the cell cycle progression rate and the biomass growth rate.

scholarly journals A distinct growth physiology enhances bacterial growth under rapid nutrient fluctuations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Nguyen ◽  
Vicente Fernandez ◽  
Sammy Pontrelli ◽  
Uwe Sauer ◽  
Martin Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nutrient Environment ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Concentration Characteristic ◽  
Cell Microscopy

AbstractIt has long been known that bacteria coordinate their physiology with their nutrient environment, yet our current understanding offers little intuition for how bacteria respond to the second-to-minute scale fluctuations in nutrient concentration characteristic of many microbial habitats. To investigate the effects of rapid nutrient fluctuations on bacterial growth, we couple custom microfluidics with single-cell microscopy to quantify the growth rate of E. coli experiencing 30 s to 60 min nutrient fluctuations. Compared to steady environments of equal average concentration, fluctuating environments reduce growth rate by up to 50%. However, measured reductions in growth rate are only 38% of the growth loss predicted from single nutrient shifts. This enhancement derives from the distinct growth response of cells grown in environments that fluctuate rather than shift once. We report an unexpected physiology adapted for growth in nutrient fluctuations and implicate nutrient timescale as a critical environmental parameter beyond nutrient identity and concentration.

scholarly journals High Potential of Bacterial Adhesion on Block Bone Graft Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Themistoklis Nisyrios ◽  
Lamprini Karygianni ◽  
Tobias Fretwurst ◽  
Katja Nelson ◽  
Elmar Hellwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Bone Grafting Materials ◽  
Graft Removal ◽  
Block Bone Graft

Bone graft infections represent a challenge in daily clinics, resulting in increased patient discomfort and graft removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the initial adhesion of five representative pathogens on three different block bone graft materials (xenogeneic, alloplastic and allogeneic) and to assess if chlorhexidine (CHX) can effectively control the initial bacterial adhesion. Three different block bone grafting materials (Tutobone®, Endobon® and human spongiosa) were incubated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence or absence of 0.2% CHX solution. Bacterial adhesion was assessed by the direct counting of the colony-forming units (CFUs) and visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, the selected bacterial species adhered successfully to all tested bone replacement scaffolds, which showed similar bacterial counts. The lg CFU values ranged from 5.29 ± 0.14 to 5.48 ± 0.72 for E. coli, from 4.37 ± 0.62 to 5.02 ± 0.48 for S. aureus, from 4.92 ± 0.34 to 4.95 ± 0.21 for S. mutans, from 4.97 ± 0.40 to 5.22 ± 0.13 for E. faecalis and from 4.23 ± 0.54 to 4.58 ± 0.26 for P. aeruginosa. CHX did not interfere with initial microbial adhesion, and yet it killed all adhered bacterial cells. Thus, CHX can be used to prevent subsequent biofilm infections.

scholarly journals Optimized expression of Hfq protein increases Escherichia coli growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong N. L. VO ◽  
Hyang-Mi LEE ◽  
Jun REN ◽  
Dokyun NA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Cell Densities

AbstractEscherichia coli is a widely used platform for metabolic engineering due to its fast growth and well-established engineering techniques. However, there has been a demand for faster-growing E. coli for higher production of desired substances. Here, to increase the growth of E. coli cells, we optimized the expression level of Hfq protein, which plays an essential role in stress responses. Six variants of the hfq gene with a different ribosome binding site sequence and thereby a different expression level were constructed. When the Hfq expression level was optimized in DH5α, its growth rate was increased by 12.1% and its cell density was also increased by 4.5%. RNA-seq and network analyses revealed the upregulation of stress response genes and metabolic genes, which increases the tolerance against pH changes. When the same strategy was applied to five other E. coli strains (BL21 (DE3), JM109, TOP10, W3110, and MG1655), all their growth rates were increased by 18–94% but not all their densities were increased (− 12 − + 32%). In conclusion, the Hfq expression optimization can increase cell growth rate and probably their cell densities as well. Since the hfq gene is highly conserved across bacterial species, the same strategy could be applied to other bacterial species to construct faster-growing strains.

scholarly journals A distinct growth physiology enhances bacterial growth under rapid nutrient fluctuations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Nguyen ◽  
Vicente Fernandez ◽  
Sammy Pontrelli ◽  
Uwe Sauer ◽  
Martin Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Concentration Characteristic ◽  
Cell Microscopy

AbstractIt has been long known that bacteria coordinate their physiology with environmental nutrient, yet our current understanding offers little intuition for how bacteria respond to the second-to-minute scale fluctuations in nutrient concentration characteristic of many microbial habitats. To investigate the effects of rapid nutrient fluctuations on bacterial growth, we coupled custom microfluidics with single-cell microscopy to quantify the growth rate of E. coli experiencing 30 s to 60 min nutrient fluctuations. Compared to steady environments of equal average concentration, fluctuating environments reduced growth rate by up to 50%. However, measured reductions in growth rate were only 38% of the growth loss predicted from single nutrient shifts — an enhancement produced by the distinct growth response of cells grown in environments that fluctuate rather than shift once. We report an unexpected physiology adapted for growth in nutrient fluctuations and implicate nutrient timescale as a critical environmental parameter beyond nutrient concentration and source.

scholarly journals Robust, linear correlations between growth rates and β-lactam–mediated lysis rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4069-4074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Lee ◽  
Shangying Wang ◽  
Hannah R. Meredith ◽  
Bihan Zhuang ◽  
Zhuojun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Instantaneous Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Lysis Rate ◽  
Dynamic Signature ◽  
Linear Correlations

It is widely acknowledged that faster-growing bacteria are killed faster by β-lactam antibiotics. This notion serves as the foundation for the concept of bacterial persistence: dormant bacterial cells that do not grow are phenotypically tolerant against β-lactam treatment. Such correlation has often been invoked in the mathematical modeling of bacterial responses to antibiotics. Due to the lack of thorough quantification, however, it is unclear whether and to what extent the bacterial growth rate can predict the lysis rate upon β-lactam treatment under diverse conditions. Enabled by experimental automation, here we measured >1,000 growth/killing curves for eight combinations of antibiotics and bacterial species and strains, including clinical isolates of bacterial pathogens. We found that the lysis rate of a bacterial population linearly depends on the instantaneous growth rate of the population, regardless of how the latter is modulated. We further demonstrate that this predictive power at the population level can be explained by accounting for bacterial responses to the antibiotic treatment by single cells. This linear dependence of the lysis rate on the growth rate represents a dynamic signature associated with each bacterium–antibiotic pair and serves as the quantitative foundation for designing combination antibiotic therapy and predicting the population-structure change in a population with mixed phenotypes.

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