scholarly journals Can We Re-Use Qualitative Data via Secondary Analysis? Notes on Some Terminological and Substantive Issues

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Hammersley
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Using Data

The potential gains and practical problems associated with secondary analysis of qualitative data have received increasing attention in recent years. The discussions display conflicting attitudes, some commentators emphasising the difficulties while others emphasise the benefits. In a few recent contributions the distinctiveness of re-using data has come to be questioned, on the grounds that the problems identified with it - of data not fitting the research questions, and of relevant contextual knowledge being absent - are by no means limited to secondary analysis. There has also been a more fundamental claim: to the effect that these problems are much less severe once we recognise that, all data are constituted and re-constituted within the research process. In this article I examine these arguments, concluding that while they have much to commend them, they do not dissolve the problems of ‘fit’ and ‘context’.

Construct creation from research questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1817-1838
Author(s):  
Sarah Forbes ◽  
Mark Avis
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Made In

Purpose Construct Creation (CC) is a methodological problem occurring when a research process, instead of measuring an extant construct in the participant’s mind, creates the construct. The purpose of this paper is to argue that CC derives from problems around ecologically invalid research and attitudinal responses developed on the spot, both resulting from self-generated validity. Design/methodology/approach A between-subjects design was used to explore whether the personification prime (PP), a component of brand personality (BP) methodology, influenced the CC of BP for rocks. Analysis of qualitative data on how participants made their BP ratings in the absence of a PP was also completed. Findings Findings revealed that a methodology can enable CC in the participant’s mind, despite the construct being ecologically invalid prior to them participating in the study. Analysis also revealed that participants will use varied, and sometimes elaborate, strategies to enable CC and provide researchers with the answers to their questions. Research limitations/implications Previous research has drawn attention to CC as a problem but the implications of prior research have so far been “sidestepped”. Consequently, this paper demonstrates CC and why it is a problem, while rebutting some arguments made in prior research for sidestepping CC. Practical implications CC is a potentially serious methodological problem that can result in invalid findings informing or misdirecting theory used by practitioners. As such, this paper proposes methods to ameliorate CC and improve ecological validity of future research. Originality/value This study will contribute to methodological literature by refocusing attention to the currently neglected problem of CC and by proposing a model of CC by participants.

scholarly journals Contextualising the Research Process: Using Interviewer Notes in the Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Goodwin ◽  
Henrietta O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Youth Transitions

In this paper we argue that for the secondary analysis of qualitative data to be effective, researchers need to subject any accompanying interviewer notes to the secondary analysis process. The secondary analysis of interviewer notes can provide important insight into the research process and the attitudes, experiences, and expectations of those collecting the data. Such information is essential if meaningful analyses are to be offered. Using interviewer notes from a little known research project on youth transitions form the 1960s, this paper explores how the interviewers’ experiences of the research process and their perceptions are documented in the interviewer notes.

Qualitative Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-223
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Grounded Theory Methodology ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Axial Coding

This chapter illustrates how to do qualitative data analysis. The principles of grounded theory methodology are taken as the main reference for developing a rigorous analysis of the data. Several examples and case studies are discussed to show the practicalities of qualitative data analysis. While explaining the mechanisms of qualitative data analysis, this chapter frames data analysis as part of the overall research process. Methods used in qualitative research give access to people's stories and experiences through language and captures the complexities of social processes. Grounded theory methodology is used to illustrate an approach to coding. Coding is about finding key themes in qualitative data in the form of a text and developing explanations of the research questions. Several approaches to coding—from open and axial coding to selective coding—are systematically presented. Issues of validity and reliability of qualitative data are also addressed within the overall process of research and data analysis leading to the writing-up.

scholarly journals Thinking about the Coding Process in Qualitative Data Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Methods Textbooks ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Made In

Coding is a ubiquitous part of the qualitative research process, but it is often under-considered in research methods training and literature. This article explores a number of questions about the coding process which are often raised by beginning researchers, in the light of the recommendations of methods textbooks and the factors which contribute to an answer to these questions. I argue for a conceptualisation of coding as a decision-making process, in which decisions about aspects of coding such as density, frequency, size of data pieces to be coded, are all made by individual researchers in line with their methodological background, their research design and research questions, and the practicalities of their study. This has implications for the way that coding is carried out by researchers at all stages of their careers, as it requires that coding decisions should be made in the context of an individual study, not once and for all.

scholarly journals A Reflexive Account of Reusing Qualitative Data: Beyond Primary/Secondary Dualism

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Convenience Food ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Methodological Studies

Though secondary analysis of qualitative data is becoming more prevalent, relatively few methodological studies exist that provide reflection on the actual, not idealised, process. This paper offers a reflexive account of secondary analysis focused on the topic of convenience food and choice. Several phases of the research process are examined: understanding context, defining a subject area, finding data and sampling, later sampling and topic refinement, and relating to transcripts. For each phase, I explore if reusing data is different from using it in the first instance, and if so, how those differences manifest themselves. The paper closes with reflections on the differences, similarities, and relationships between primary and secondary analysis of qualitative data. Although differences exist regarding the researcher-respondent relationship, primary and secondary analyses are more alike than not. The suitability of each approach can only be assessed in light of a particular research question.

scholarly journals Exploring Informal Caregivers’ Roles in Medical Tourism through Qualitative Data Triangulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Whitmore ◽  
Valorie Crooks ◽  
Jeremy Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Participant Group ◽  
Using Data

When Canadian medical tourists go abroad, they are often accompanied by friends and family, referred to as caregiver-companions, who provide informal care. These individuals play a role in patient decision-making and are stakeholders in medical tourism, yet little is known about their participation in this consumer health practice. To examine the roles that Canadian caregiver-companions play while accompanying medical tourists abroad, and to identify how multi-perspective qualitative data can augment our understanding of these roles, primary and secondary analysis was undertaken on datasets generated from multiple qualitative studies: semi-structured interviews with medical tourists, caregiver-companions, and international patient coordinators, and a survey with medical tourism facilitators. The findings from the triangulated analysis of these qualitative datasets serve to better understand the multiple, overlapping perspectives of different stakeholders in medical tourism. Results show that medical tourism caregivers act as companions, providing physical and emotional care; navigators, providing logistical assistance; and knowledge brokers, participating in decision-making and information exchange between medical tourists and professionals. Using data triangulation to examine the narratives of multiple stakeholders confirmed, altered, and augmented our knowledge of caregiver-companion roles. The unique perspectives offered by each participant group augment our understanding of caregiver roles and the practice of medical tourism.

scholarly journals Data reuse across international contexts? Reflections on new methods for International Qualitative Secondary Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 146879412110522
Author(s):  
Kahryn Hughes ◽  
Vibeke A Frank ◽  
Maria D Herold ◽  
Esben Houborg
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Methodological Development ◽  
New Methods ◽  
International Team ◽  
Qualitative Secondary Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Modest Degree

This research note reports on five online workshops by an international team of scholars, the authors, with shared interests in drug (mis)use. The workshops comprise a novel form of collective international qualitative secondary analysis (iQSA) exploring the possibilities for, and value of, qualitative data reuse across international contexts. These preparatory workshops comprise the preliminary stages of a longer programme of methodological development of iQSA, and we used them to identify what challenges there may be for translating evidence across international contexts, what strategies might be best placed to support or facilitate analytical engagement in this direction, and if possible, what empirical value such exchange might have. We discuss how working across international contexts involved the authors in new 'translational' work to address the challenges of establishing and sharing meaning. Such ‘translation’ entailed a modest degree of empirical engagement, namely, the casing of empirical examples from our datasets that supported an articulation of our various research studies, a collective interrogation of how, why and which such cases could be used for best translational effect and a collective reflexive engagement with how these cases generated new and novel questions that in turn re-engaged us with our own data in new ways. Descriptions of our datasets, therefore, emerged as multifaceted assemblages of ‘expertise’ and comprised the evidential bases for new empirical insights, research questions and directions.

scholarly journals Motivation, self-efficacy beliefs, and speaking anxiety in language MOOCs

ReCALL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Bárkányi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Course Completion ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Anxiety Levels

AbstractThis paper examines the role of motivation, anxiety, and self-efficacy beliefs and their interplay with regard to speaking on beginners’ Spanish LMOOCs. It answers three research questions: (1) what are learners’ motivations and goals for joining these LMOOCs and how do these relate to foreign language speaking anxiety; (2) how do learners’ self-efficacy beliefs and anxiety levels change as a result of course completion; and (3) is there a correlation between motivation, foreign language speaking anxiety, and self-efficacy beliefs in this context? A mixed-methods research design used quantitative and qualitative data gathered from self-reflective questionnaires and forum discussions. The results reveal that learners with intrinsic motivation are more likely to complete the courses than those who sign up to manage a personal situation or advance in their career or studies. No direct correlation was, however, found between motivation and the other variables under scrutiny. Learners present higher self-efficacy beliefs at the end of the courses than at the beginning, while anxiety levels are affected to a much smaller degree by course completion. Although spoken interactions in this learning environment are not synchronous, apprehension and anxiety prevent many learners from fully participating in the speaking activities.

Estimation of Cognitive Distraction from Driver Gazing

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yoshizama ◽  
Hiroyuki Nishiyama ◽  
Hirotoshi Iwasaki ◽  
Fumio Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Arithmetic Task ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Cognitive Distraction ◽  
Mental Arithmetic Task ◽  
Using Data

In their study, the authors sought to generate rules for cognitive distractions of car drivers using data from a driving simulation environment. They collected drivers' eye-movement and driving data from 18 research participants using a simulator. Each driver drove the same 15-minute course two times. The first drive was normal driving (no-load driving), and the second drive was driving with a mental arithmetic task (load driving), which the authors defined as cognitive-distraction driving. To generate rules of distraction driving using a machine-learning tool, they transformed the data at constant time intervals to generate qualitative data for learning. Finally, the authors generated rules using a Support Vector Machine (SVM).

EU-China Student and Academic Staff Mobility: Present Situation and Future Developments

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Mathou ◽  
Jin Yan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Information

Abstract The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive information about student and academic staff mobility between the European Union (EU) and China as well as the main strategies and policies in place to promote mobility. Based on quantitative and qualitative data provided by national authorities and various stakeholders consulted throughout the research process, the study aimed at taking stock of the situation and identifying trends regarding EU-China learning mobility over the past ten years. It also aimed at drawing recommendations to improve current and future mobility actions between the two regions.

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