scholarly journals Does the severity of a forest fire modify the composition, diversity and structure of temperate forests in Jalisco?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Cadena-Zamudio ◽  
◽  
José G. Flores-Garnica ◽  
Mónica E. Lomelí-Zavala ◽  
Ana G. Flores-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Composition Structure

Introduction: Forest fires are natural disturbances that influence structure, dynamics, performance, composition and diversity of species. Objective: To compare composition, structure and diversity of temperate forest vegetation affected by different levels of severity of a forest fire in Jalisco. Materials and methods: Composition, horizontal structure, importance value index (IVI), diameter class, diversity indexes of Shannon, Simpson, Margalef richness and Bray-Curtis similarity were evaluated in three regions (Bosque La Primavera and Sierra de Tapalpa and Sierra de Quila) of temperate forest with three levels of severity (no fire, moderate and extreme). Results: Twelve species from six families were recorded. Pinaceae and Fagaceae were the most dominant. Dominance ranged from 0.2 to 50 m2∙ha-1 in moderate and extreme severity sites. Pinus devoniana recorded the highest IVI (71 %) in Sierra de Tapalpa. The highest number of trees was recorded in diameter class ≤30 cm. Diversity and richness indices showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for Sierra de Tapalpa and Sierra de Quila and among fire levels; the highest indices were recorded in sites of moderate severity. Tree composition similarity between regions was low (<33 %). Conclusions: Moderate severity of forest fire favored composition, structure and diversity of vegetation in temperate forests of Jalisco, indicating that the level of severity influences resilience of forest ecosystem communities.

scholarly journals Fuel beds variation of coastal tropical freshwater forested wetlands in three disturbance regimes at La Encrucijada, Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo de Jesús Barrios Calderón ◽  
Dulce Infante Mata ◽  
José Germán Flores Garnica ◽  
Jony Ramiro Torres Velázquez ◽  
Zulia Mayari Sánchez-Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Abstract Background: Tropical freshwater forested wetlands in coastal regions are rapidly disappearing, one of the causes is forest fires. This is caused by high accumulation of fuel beds that can vary in origin and type. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the fuel beds in tropical freshwater forested wetlands with three different level of disturbance at El Castaño, La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve.Methods: Seventeen sampling units were used to described the strates of forest fuel beds (canopy, sub-canopy and understory) in both the vertical and horizontal stratum. Quantity and quality of dead (fallen woody material, surface litterfall and fermented litterfall) fuels were characterized using the planars intersections technique.Results: A total of eight tree species, two shrubs, five lianas and two herbaceous species were found in tropical freshwater forested wetlands. The vertical structure concentrates the highest proportion of trees between 2 and 12 m high, including the first two defined height classes. The horizontal structure denotes a higher percentage of trees with a normal diameter between 2.5 to 7.5 cm (61.4%) of the total. The sites none disturbance presented the highest arboreal density (2,686 ind. ha− 1), however the highest basal area was found in the sites with medium disturbance (39.41 m2 ha− 1). The richness and diversity of species shows that the Fisher, Margalef, Shannon and Simpson α indices were higher in the sites undisturbed, while the Berger-Parker index shows greater dominance in the sites high disturbance. Pachira aquatica Aubl. was the species with the highest importance value index, and contributes the most to the fuel beds. The average accumulation of dead fuel beds was higher in sites with high disturbance (222.18 ± 33.62 t ha− 1), with the largest accumulations of woody fuels occurring in the 1 h, 10 h and 1000 h classes, the latter in a state of fermentation.Conclusions: It’s important to consider the probability of occurrence of surface fires is high. In these tropical freshwater forested wetlands, independent of disturbance, underground fires have the same probability and the intensity will depend on the depth of the organic matter layer. This study contributes define fire-prone areas in these ecosystems. The results are of great importance to design fire prevention strategies.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI DAN STRUKTUR HUTAN RIPARIAN SEBAGAI PENAHAN GELOMBANG DI DESA SEMAYANG KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Muhammad Daryadi A ◽  
Medi Hendra ◽  
Nova Hariani
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Composition And Structure

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the composition and structure of Semayang forest and the Importance Value Index (IVI) of riparian forest in its role of reducing the wave rate. The method used is multilevel plot method of 20x20 m for sampling of tree level, 5x5 m for sapling level and 2x2 m for seedling level. The result showed that the highest Importance Value Index at tree level was dominated by 3 species, they were L. javanicum (101,663), M. speciosa (76,201) and G. renghas (65,962). At sapling level dominated by P. indica (102,990). At seedling level dominated by M. pigra (95,004)andP. brevistipitata (70,109). In addition, Semayang riparian forest has an ecological function as a wave retaining. It can be seen based on the vegetation density and horizontal structure of species that make up the forest. Vegetation density is predicted to reduce the rate of Semayang lake waves that occur during flood season. Keywords: Composition and Structure, Riparian Forest, Semayang Lake. 

scholarly journals SPACE PATTERN OF FOREST SPECIES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AGRICULTURAL FACTORS AGROFLORESTAL SYSTEM

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel José Gomes de Araújo ◽  
Dayane Oliveira Lima ◽  
Rafaella De Angeli Curto ◽  
Eduardo Vinícius Silva ◽  
José Carlos Arthur Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Space Pattern

The objective of this work was to describe the spatial distribution pattern of the arboreal and regenerating forest stratum and its relationship with edaphic factors in a multistratified agroforestry system without management. The data were obtained by means of a census of the arboreal and regenerating plants, in which the variables diameter were measured at 1.30m of the soil and total height, besides the botanical identification. The plants of the arboreal stratum were grouped in diameter and height classes and the regenerating plants in height classes. In both strata, the horizontal structure indicators were estimated and the species of higher Importance Value Index (IVI) were selected to perform the spatial analysis. The K Ripley function was applied in the univariate case to test the hypothesis of complete randomness in the groups and in the arboreal and regenerating species of higher IVI. In the bivariate case, the Ripley K function was applied to test the hypothesis of complete spatial independence between groups or aggregate pattern species, with edaphic attributes. The results indicated random spatial pattern for most of the tested groups, with only the species Gliricidia sepium and Archontophoenix alexandrae with aggregate spatial pattern, up to 30m distance, in the arboreal and regenerating strata, respectively. However, no spatial relationship was observed between the pattern of distribution of the species and the soil factors of agroforestry system (SAF). In general, it is concluded that edaphic factors were fundamental in the development of plants, but not for the formation of aggregates

scholarly journals Structure, composition and tree diversity in a temperate forest under management

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Antonio Mora-Santacruz ◽  
María Leonor Román-Miranda ◽  
Omar Nungaray-Villalobos ◽  
Gerardo Alberto González-Cueva
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Normal Diameter ◽  
Area And Volume

In order to study both diversity indices and structure of forests, which are an essential tool for decision-making in forest management, which show natural successional processes and effects for its management. So the objetive of this study was to evaluate structure and diversity of arboral species in a temperate forest of southern Jalisco state. Five permanent forestry research sites 50 x 50 (2.500 m2) were established, and a census of all tree species was carried out, with normal diameter greater than 7.5 cm. Each individual was measured: height and normal diameter, placing an aluminum plate for identification. We obtained the importance value index (IVI), indices of diversity, richness, and dasometric parameters. There were 17 species, 9 genera and 9 botanical families; the Fagaceae was dominant. Pinus douglasiana presented the highest IVI (57.93%); The Shannon index had a value of 2.0; the index of Margalef was 2.4; the forest has a density of 688 trees ha-1, being the most abundant Styrax ramirezii; Pinus herrerae obtained the highest values in basal area and volume with 30.77 m2 ha-1 and 357,325 m3 ha-1 respectively. The values of diversity are influenced by elements of the cloud forest

scholarly journals Berücksichtigung neuer parameter in der strukturanalyse von tropischen urwäldern

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Finol
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Horizontal Structure

Consideration of new parameters in the analysis of the  structure of tropical virgin forests - Till now in  the analysis of the structure of tropical forests only parameters of the  horizontal structure have been taken in consideration, when calculating the  importance value index on base of relative frequency, abundancy and  dominance. However in many cases the importance value index did not result to  be a correct ecological value for the species componing the forests. In the  present article it is proposed to take into account the vertical structure  also, based on the new parameters "sociological position", and  "natural regeneration". As the mentioned example shows (table 3),  the ecological value of each species seems more correctly represented in the  investigated forest type in this case as by the importance value index only.

scholarly journals Assessment of tree diversity in distinctive deciduous forests of Suruli falls, Southern Western Ghats

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1093
Author(s):  
J Naveenkumar ◽  
Somaiah Sundarapandian
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Southern Western Ghats

A quantitative inventory was conducted in two distinctive tropical deciduous forests at Suruli falls forest of southern Western Ghats.  Two one-hectare plots were established and all trees >10cm DBH measured. Species richness, density, family importance value (FIV) and importance value index (IVI) were calculated and the results varied among the two sites. A total of 777 stems and 52 species were documented in both the sites and moist deciduous forest (MDF) had maximum number species richness and density than dry deciduous forest (DDF). The basal area was higher in MDF (502 stems/ha and 16.52 m2/ha) than in DDF (275 stems/ha and 7.23 m2/ha). However, Shannon and evenness indices showed a negative trend (DDF- 2.62, 0.41 and MDF- 2.37, 0.27). Diameter class-wise distribution of trees showed reverse ‘J shaped’ curve in both the forest types. Pterocarpus marsupium was the mono-dominant species holding one-third of the IVI (113), 27% of the stem density and 30% of the total basal area. DDF site is suspected to recurrence of annual fire. Anogeissus latifolia and Strychnos potatorum were the fire-tolerant species only found in lower diameter class. The maximum species shared contiguous distribution in the deciduous forests. The observed variations in the tree community between the two deciduous forest sites are possibly due to variations in altitude, rainfall, temperature, past disturbance, fire and edaphic characteristics.

scholarly journals Structure and diversity of trees on post-fire regenerated areas in Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Eduardo Alanís-Rodríguez ◽  
Laura Sánchez-Castillo ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Méndez-Osorio ◽  
Pamela Anabel Canizales Velázquez ◽  
Arturo Mora-Olivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Data Description ◽  
Tree Communities ◽  
Over Time

Background: It is known that forest ecosystems have the capacity to regenerate over time. However, the anthropogenic influence over them arises the question on how different the original ecological conditions are after regeneration. Question: Do fires and agrochemicals have an influence on tree diversity in the study area? Studied species/ Data description/ Mathematical model: The structure and diversity data obtained from tree communities on four different areas were evaluated. The evaluated areas were a control area (mature forest without management) and three areas with different managements: reforested area, restored area and fumigated area. Study site and years of study: The study area was located in the Sierra de Guerrero, Mexico on areas affected by a fire that occurred in 2005. Seven years after the fire, in 2012, the investigation was performed. Methods: In each selected area a census of all tree species was carried out. The density, dominance, frequency, and importance value index were determined per species. Moreover, the diversity at community level and richness were estimated. Results: The control area showed highest values of density and dominance. The regenerated and reforested area showed highest values of specific richness and diversity. Conclusions: The evaluated areas showed significant differences when comparing diversity and structure indexes. It is recommended to implement reforestation actions in areas affected by forest fires.

Struktur Makroalga Pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara (Structure of Macroalgae in Seagrass Ecosystems at South Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Irawaty Mertosono ◽  
Ratna Siahaan ◽  
Pience Maabuat
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Decline

Struktur Makroalga Pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara(Structure of Macroalgae in Seagrass Ecosystems at South TabukanDistrict, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi) Irawaty A. Mertosono1), Ratna Siahaan1*) Pience V. Maabuat1)1)Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi:[email protected] Diterima  15 Februari 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 28 Februari  2019 Abstrak Makroalga laut merupakan tumbuhan laut yang tidak memiliki akar, batang, maupun daun sejati. Kegiatan manusia berupa pemanfaatan makroalga, konversi lahan, dan transportasi laut dapat menjadi penyebab penurunan biodiversitas makroalga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur dan distribusi makroalga pada ekosistem lamun di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi penelitian di tiga stasiun penelitian yaitu Pantai Karurung - Desa Salurang, Pantai Palareng - Desa Palareng dan Pantai Galoghong – Desa Batuwingkung. Penelitian dilakukan pada November-Desember 2018 dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode garis transek (line transect) dengan teknik pencuplikan kuadrat. Makroalga yang ditemukan sebanyak 36 spesies yang terdiri atas 25 spesies Divisi Chlorophyta, sembilan (9) spesies Divisi Rhodophyta dan dua (2) spesies Divisi Phaeophyta. Makroalga Bornetella nitida memiliki Indeks Nilai Penting 39, 24% mendominasi di lokasi penelitian. Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’) spesies makroalga di Stasiun I (H’:3,02) tergolong tinggi sedangkan pada Stasiun II (H’:2,86)  dan Stasiun III (H’:2,63) tergolong sedang. Secara keseluruhan, keanekaragaman spesies makroalga di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatang tergolong tinggi (H’:3,00). Kata kunci:   struktur makroalga, Pantai Karurung, Pantai Palareng, Pantai Galoghong,Tabukan Selatan Abstract Marine macroalgae are marine plant-like organisms that has no true roots, stems, or leaves. The human ativities of macroalgae utilization, land conversion, and sea transportation can cause of macroalgae biodiversity decline. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure and distribution of macroalgae in seagrass ecosystems at South Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi. The research locations were at three research stations, i.e. Karurung Beach - Salurang Village, Palareng Beach - Palareng Village and Galoghong Beach - Batuwingkung Village. The study was conducted in November-December 2018 with line transect method sampling and quadrate sampling technique. Macroalgae were 36 species consists of 25 species of Chlorophyta Division, nine (9) species of Rhodophyta Division and two (2) species of Phaeophyta Division. Macroalga Bornetella nitida had Importance Value Index 39.24% that dominated research locations. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity Index (H’) of macroalgae species at Station I (H': 3.02) was classified as high while Station II (H': 2.86) and Station III (H ': 2.63) were moderate. Overall, macroalgae species diversity at Tabukan Selatang District was high (H’: 3.00). Keywords: Macroalgae structure, Macroalgae distribution, Karurung Beach, Palareng Beach, Galoghong Beach, South Tabukan

scholarly journals A Collaborative Region Detection and Grading Framework for Forest Fire Smoke Using Weakly Supervised Fine Segmentation and Lightweight Faster-RCNN

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Jin Pan ◽  
Xiaoming Ou ◽  
Liang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Region Detection ◽  
Decision Network ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Weakly Supervised

Forest fires are serious disasters that affect countries all over the world. With the progress of image processing, numerous image-based surveillance systems for fires have been installed in forests. The rapid and accurate detection and grading of fire smoke can provide useful information, which helps humans to quickly control and reduce forest losses. Currently, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have yielded excellent performance in image recognition. Previous studies mostly paid attention to CNN-based image classification for fire detection. However, the research of CNN-based region detection and grading of fire is extremely scarce due to a challenging task which locates and segments fire regions using image-level annotations instead of inaccessible pixel-level labels. This paper presents a novel collaborative region detection and grading framework for fire smoke using a weakly supervised fine segmentation and a lightweight Faster R-CNN. The multi-task framework can simultaneously implement the early-stage alarm, region detection, classification, and grading of fire smoke. To provide an accurate segmentation on image-level, we propose the weakly supervised fine segmentation method, which consists of a segmentation network and a decision network. We aggregate image-level information, instead of expensive pixel-level labels, from all training images into the segmentation network, which simultaneously locates and segments fire smoke regions. To train the segmentation network using only image-level annotations, we propose a two-stage weakly supervised learning strategy, in which a novel weakly supervised loss is proposed to roughly detect the region of fire smoke, and a new region-refining segmentation algorithm is further used to accurately identify this region. The decision network incorporating a residual spatial attention module is utilized to predict the category of forest fire smoke. To reduce the complexity of the Faster R-CNN, we first introduced a knowledge distillation technique to compress the structure of this model. To grade forest fire smoke, we used a 3-input/1-output fuzzy system to evaluate the severity level. We evaluated the proposed approach using a developed fire smoke dataset, which included five different scenes varying by the fire smoke level. The proposed method exhibited competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Fire Severity on Vegetation Based on Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Aru Han ◽  
Song Qing ◽  
Yongbin Bao ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Yuhai Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sentinel 2

An important component in improving the quality of forests is to study the interference intensity of forest fires, in order to describe the intensity of the forest fire and the vegetation recovery, and to improve the monitoring ability of the dynamic change of the forest. Using a forest fire event in Bilahe, Inner Monglia in 2017 as a case study, this study extracted the burned area based on the BAIS2 index of Sentinel-2 data for 2016–2018. The leaf area index (LAI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC), which are more suitable for monitoring vegetation dynamic changes of a burned area, were calculated by comparing the biophysical and spectral indices. The results showed that patterns of change of LAI and FVC of various land cover types were similar post-fire. The LAI and FVC of forest and grassland were high during the pre-fire and post-fire years. During the fire year, from the fire month (May) through the next 4 months (September), the order of areas of different fire severity in terms of values of LAI and FVC was: low > moderate > high severity. During the post fire year, LAI and FVC increased rapidly in areas of different fire severity, and the ranking of areas of different fire severity in terms of values LAI and FVC was consistent with the trend observed during the pre-fire year. The results of this study can improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in post-fire vegetation change. By using quantitative inversion, the health trajectory of the ecosystem can be rapidly determined, and therefore this method can play an irreplaceable role in the realization of sustainable development in the study area. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to quantitatively retrieve vegetation variables by remote sensing.

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