scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DIREKTUR PERSEROAN TERBATAS DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PROYEK TERBATAS PEMBANGUNAN RUMAH SAKIT (STUDI PUTUSAN NO.15 /PID.SUS-TPK/2018/PN.MDN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 103-132
Author(s):  
Marthin Simangungsong ◽  
Herlina Manullang ◽  
Tulus R.G Purba
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Project Study

The existence of corporations in the Criminal Code provisions that currently apply has not clearly stipulated corporations as perpetrators of crime because only Article 59 of the Criminal Code still regulates corporate provisions. However, the provisions of regulations outside the Criminal Code have clearly regulated the existence of corporations as legal subjects such as Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. Corporate criminal crime in its development has been widespread in people's lives, this can be done by the management of the corporation itself. The form of corporation in its development is in the form of legal entity and non-legal entity, one of which is a legal entity is a Limited Liability Company, in Article 82 of the Company Law Director is the management of the company, the Director represents the Limited Liability Company in and out of Article 82 of the Company Law. As for the problem in this research is how the criminal responsibility of the Director of a Limited Company in a criminal act of corruption in a hospital development project (study of decision number 15 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2018 / PN.Mdn)The legal research method used in this study is a type of normative legal research that is research used by searching or analyzing and analyzing library materials, one of which is Decision No. 15 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2018 / PN.Mdn. Then based on the results of research on Decision No. 15 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2018 / PN.Mdn it can be concluded that based on the deeds and errors of the Director of PT. Care Indonusa has fulfilled the element of error, criminal liability requirements and found no excuses for excuses or justifications, so that criminal liability can be requested from the Director of a Limited Liability Company. Based on the above, the judge sentenced him to 5 (five) years in prison as a form of criminal liability to the Director of PT. Care Indonusa.

scholarly journals Kepastian Hukum Jumlah Modal Dasar Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas Setelah Berlakunya PP Perubahan Modal Dasar Perseroan Terbatas

Acta Comitas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Putra Pratama ◽  
I Made Dedy Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Basic Capital ◽  
Before And After

Research on legal certainty the amount of basic capital establishment of limited liability company based on the norms of conflict between article 32 paragraph (1) of the limted liability company law concerning "the limited liability company capital of at least Rp 50,000,000.00" with article 1 paragraph (3) of government regulations The limited liability of the company's capital of limited liability concerning "the founding capital of the company is determined by agreement”. 2 problem are formulated: (1) What is the form for deposit of stock capital on the provisions of article 33 of the limited liability company law, (2) How is the legal certainty of the number of basic capital of the limited liability After the validity of government regulation change of the limited liability company. This purpose research is finding form of the deposit of stock capital and the basic capital of the limited liability company before and after enforcement of government regulation of limited liability of the company. The legal research method used normative legal research method with statute approach and conceptual approach. Capital deposits of shares can be made in the form of money and other forms of immovable tangible objects such as land and intangible objects in the form of bill of Rights; and arrangements regarding the underlying capital applicable in the establishment of the limited liability company is Article 1 paragraph (3) of government regulation of the limited liability of the company.

scholarly journals Responsibilities of the Board of Directors in the Bankruptcy of the Limited Liability Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Padriadi Wiharjokusumo ◽  
Novita Romauli Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Full Responsibility ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Data Source

Article 97 paragraph (1) of the Company Law requires each member of the Board of Directors to be required in good faith and full responsibility to undertake the supervision of the company for the interests and business of the company. This implies the Board of Directors is liablefor each management and representation of the company in the company’s framework in pursuing its purposes and objectives.This  researchexaminesthe responsibilities of the board of Directors in the bankruptcy of the Limited Liability Company based on Law No. 40 of 2007. This research was conducted through a normative juridical approach.The  data  source  of  this  research  was  gained from the library study. Then  it  was  analyzed  using the qualitative  analysis  which depicts and dissects the significant information.The conclusion  of  this  research is  thatthe responsibilities of the Board of Directors in Bankruptcy Limited Liability Company based on Law No. 40 of 2007 comprises 2 (two) aspects, in particular; civil liability and criminal liability.

scholarly journals Pembaruan Pilar Hukum Pidana Dalam RUU KUHP

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Faisal Faisal ◽  
Muhammad Rustamaji
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
The Ideal

The basic idea underlying the reform of  the Criminal Code Bill has an impact on reforming the pillars of criminal law. The purpose of this research is to find out the new direction of criminal law policy regarding criminal acts, criminal responsibility and punishment. The research method uses normative legal research. The results of the research study in the discussion section are the reform of the pillars of criminal law, namely criminal acts, criminal liability, and punishment oriented to the basic idea of ??the value of balance. The reform of the pillars of criminal acts is aimed at broadening the meaning of the legality principle which provides space for living law as a source of law and also creates juridical terminology regarding criminal acts. The pillar of criminal responsibility accommodates the principle of no crime without error. The pillar of punishment is that the purpose of punishment is no longer synonymous with retaliation, but there are efforts to improve the behavior of the perpetrators of crime. The changes in the three pillars are influenced by the basic idea of ??balancing the values ??of Pancasila, namely the values ??of Divinity, Humanity, and Society. Recommendations in strengthening the direction of criminal law reform are needed in formulating criminal provisions outside the Draft Criminal Code that must be in accordance with the basic idea of ??balance which is the ideal of criminal law reform law. Ide dasar yang melandasi pembaruan RUU KUHP berdampak pada pembaruan pilar hukum pidana. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui arah baru kebijakan politik hukum pidana mengenai tindak pidana, pertanggungjawaban pidana dan pemidanaan. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil kajian penelitian dalam bagian pembahasan ialah pembaruan pilar hukum pidana yakni tindak pidana, pertanggungjawaban pidana, dan pemidanaan berorientasi pada ide dasar nilai keseimbangan. Pembaruan pilar tindak pidana tertuju pada perluasan makna asas legalitas yang memberikan ruang pada hukum yang hidup sebagai sumber hukum dan melahirkan pula terminologi yuridis mengenai tindak pidana. Pilar pertangungjawaban pidana mengakomodasi asas tiada pidana tanpa kesalahan. Pilar pemidanaan bahwa tujuan pemidanaan tidak lagi identik pembalasan akan tetapi ada upaya memperbaiki perilaku dari pelaku kejahatan. Perubahan ketiga pilar tersebut dipengaruhi oleh ide dasar keseimbangan nilai Pancasila yaitu nilai Ketuhanan, Kemanusiaan, dan Kemasyarakatan. Rekomendasi dalam memperkuat arah pembaruan hukum pidana diperlukan dalam merumuskan ketentuan pidana di luar RUU KUHP harus sesuai dengan ide dasar keseimbangan yang menjadi cita hukum pembaruan hukum pidana

The responsibility of a limited liability company with authorized fictitious capital: Evidence from the emerging market

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Yalid Yalid ◽  
Ryan Aditama ◽  
Sindi Sindi ◽  
Husni Tamrin ◽  
Iswandi Iswandi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Fictitious Capital ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Capital Payment ◽  
Authorized Capital

The phenomenon of law related to the capital subscribed and fully paid up company is limited liability companies in Indonesia, many of which are not real. The aim of this research is to answer the question: "What is the legality and legal consequences of an establishment with a fictitious authorized capital?". The research was conducted via the study of literature with this type of normative legal research supported by an empirical approach. The results of the research contribute to knowledge that the responsibility of a limited liability company with a capital payment basis is fictitious when the establishment does not essentially meet the validity of the establishment of the limited liability company itself, whether based on terms “materially” or “formally”. The terms formilnya (“formally”) depositing of the authorized capital must be issued and paid-up in full. Although the capital is fictitious or not real, if it has been approved by a legal entity, then it remains as a legitimate legal entity, but the substance of it is a limited liability company. Depositing the authorized capital which is not real contradicts the nature of the limited liability company as a legal entity

scholarly journals Kebijakan Formulasi Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Melalui Media Online

Acta Comitas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Alexander Imanuel Korassa Sonbai
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Future

The phenomenon of online prostitution became a hot issue in Indonesia. Online Prostitution Article 27 paragraph (1) Jo. Article 45 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law, Article 296 of the Criminal Code, Article 506 of the Criminal Code, Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning Eradication of Crime in Trafficking in Persons, and Article 30 Jo. Article 4 paragraph (2) Law No. 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography. However, in the article has not set explicitly against online prostitution service users. The aim of this study was to elaborate on the user settings prostitution service through online media and forms of criminal responsibility prostitution service users through online media. The method used is a normative legal research. This type of approach is used, among others: statue approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study indicate that the formulation policy criminal liability for online prostitution service users has not yet been regulated in Indonesian legislation, from the results of a comparison with Sweden (Sex Purchase Act) also regulates the criminal liability of users of online prostitution services and should the rules in the future refer to Swedish law (sex purchase act). Fenomena prostitusi online menjadi suatu isu hangat di Indonesia. Prostitusi online Pasal 27 ayat (1) Jo. Pasal 45 ayat (1) UU ITE, Pasal 296 KUHP, Pasal 506 KUHP, Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU No. 21 tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang, dan Pasal 30 Jo. Pasal 4 ayat (2) UU No. 44 tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi. Namun, dalam pasal tersebut belum mengatur secara eksplisit terhadap pengguna jasa prostitusi online. Tujuan studi ini ialah untuk mengelaborasi pengaturan pengguna jasa prostitusi melalui media online dan bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana pengguna jasa prostitusi melalui media online. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan antara lain: pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan formulasi pertanggungjawaban pidana pengguna jasa prostitusi online saat ini belum di atur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia, dari hasil perbandingan dengan Swedia (Sex Purchase Act) mengatur juga pertanggungjawaban pidana pengguna jasa prostitusi online dan sebaiknya aturan di masa mendatang mengacu pada hukum swedia (sex purchase act)

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEKUATAN PERJANJIAN NOMINEE SAHAM DALAM PERSEROAN TERBATAS PENANAMAN MODAL ASING (PT.PMA)

Acta Comitas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigit Teteki Triwis
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The Law ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
The Capital Market

The use of nominee shares through nominee shares agreement has grown and developed well in the investing world, especially within the investors who establish PT. PMA. In short, the concept of nominee shares are done by both localand foreign investors. One of the causes of the nominee shares usageis because there is no rules in the Company Law that regulate, prohibit, and unequivocally ban the nominee shares by making the stock agreement. The law of prohibition to make nominee shares agreement or stock statement can only be found in the Capital Market Law, Article 33 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2). This research is a normative legal research that moves from the void norm within our laws. The approach used in this study is the legislation and analytic approach. The legal materials in this study are taken from the primary materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study indicate the cause of the nominee shares usage by making nominee stock agreement, has already stated in the Company Law. However, it only explainsthe requirement that the PT has to be founded by two (2) or more persons, it does not give any detail requirements of how to be the shareholders. Other than to fill the Company Law, by filling the requirement of the PT establishment,the use of nominee agreement is due to the restriction of the line business for PT. PMA. The void of the norm has resulted in the violation within the limited liability company, in which one of the shareholders in PT. PMA is not the actual owner or nominee, but only the registered owner from certain number of shares. The law of prohibition of nominee shares in UUPM is considered inefficient because there is no strict regulations and prohibitions in the Company Law, thus, in practice, the use of nominee shares by making the nominee shares agreementgrows and develops through the simulation or indirect agreement, known as the arrangement agreement.

scholarly journals PERLUASAN PENGATURAN PENGURUSAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PERSEROAN TERBATAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Pande Putu Indahyani Lestari ◽  
I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
A Company

Tujuan studi ini untuk mengkaji perluasan pengaturan pengurusan perseroan terbatas dalam pembaharuan hukum Perseroan Terbatas. Dalam UUPT menyebutkan bahwa Direksi berwenang dan bertanggung jawab penuh untuk menjalankan pengurusan Perseroan. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, yakni suatu penelitian menggunakan berdasarkan dengan pendekatan bahan hukum, baik hukum primer dan hukum sekunder. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa Direksi sebagai organ perseroan bertanggung jawab atas kepentingan Perseroan, apabila dalam suatu Perseroan tidak memiliki Direksi maka Perseroan tidak akan bisa berjalan atau beroperasional dengan baik selayaknya sebuah badan hukum. Kemudian dalam hal ini ketika masa jabatan Direksi sudah habis mengakibatkan terjadinya kekosongan kepengurusan Direksi, di dalam UUPT tidak ada yang mengatur manakala suatu Perseroan sudah tidak memiliki Direksi. The purpose of this study is to examine the expansion of management arrangements for limited liability companies in the legal renewal of Limited Liability Companies. The UUPT states that the Directors are authorized and fully responsible for carrying out the management of the Company. This study uses a normative legal research method, which is a research using based on the approach of legal materials, both primary and secondary law. The study results show that the Board of Directors as a corporate organ is responsible for the interests of the Company, if in a Company does not have a Board of Directors, the Company will not be able to operate or operate properly as a legal entity. Then in this case when the term of office of the Board of Directors has expired resulting in a vacancy in the management of the Board of Directors, in the Company Law no one regulates when a Company does not have a Board of Directors.

scholarly journals Pembatasan Usia Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Anak dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
I Ketut Arjuna Satya Prema ◽  
Masruchin Ruba'i ◽  
Nurini Aprilianda
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Minimum Age

This article aims to discuss the age of criminal responsibility of children according to statutory regulations in Indonesia and the legis ratio of determining the age of child responsibility according to Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System for Children. The study uses normative legal research with a statutory approach. The results of the study show that three regulations are governing the age limit for a child to be held criminally responsible, namely the Criminal Code Act, Law Number 3 of 1997 concerning Juvenile Court, Law Number 11 of 2011 concerning the Criminal Justice System for Children. These three regulations differ in determining the minimum limit for a child to be held liable for criminal liability. Psychological, sociological, and pedagogical aspects are the base for the ratio of the legal determination of the minimum age of 12 years in the Criminal Justice System for Children. 

scholarly journals Criminal Liability of Legal Entities in China: Traditional Approaches and Modern Choices

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-622
Author(s):  
Pan Dunmei
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Legal Entities

Crime committed by a legal entity is an unavoidable social phenomenon in the process of modern socio-economic development in different countries of the world. The crime of a legal entity in modern Chinese criminal law is called a corporate crime. Since the establishment of the people's Republic of China until 1979, only the criminal liability of individuals has been recognized in the field of Chinese criminal law and criminal law theory. Corporate criminal responsibility in the People's Republic of China was established in a completely new historical context: with the development of the commodity economy and market economy in the new China, corporate crimes appeared in public life and gradually spread in the middle and second half of the 1980s, so that regulation through laws became a requirement for the Chinese society to function normally. In this social context, the Standing Committee of the All-China People's Congress has passed a number of laws that provide for corporate crimes. Before the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China came into force of in 1997, corporate crimes already accounted for about one third of all offences stipulated in specific criminal and non-criminal laws, which lead to the final establishment of corporate criminal responsibility in the new Criminal Code of China. The author analyzes the problem of criminal liability for corporate crimes in the criminal law of the People's Republic of China from the standpoint of traditional theory, as well as predicts the appropriate trends in the future development of theoretical approaches to bringing legal entities to criminal responsibility in a risk society. According to the author, in a risk society, effective prevention of risks in the activities of legal entities is inseparable from the efforts of legal entities themselves, and criminal law, as one of the tools for risk distribution, is aimed primarily not at punishment, but at increasing the motivation of legal entities to achieve this.

scholarly journals ANALISIS YURIDIS KEDUDUKAN SURAT PERNYATAAN SETOR MODAL SEBAGAI PENGGANTI BUKTI SETOR MODAL DALAM PENDIRIAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Dewi Oktavia ◽  
Irene Svinarky
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Official Document ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Capital Injection ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Authorized Capital

Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pada Pasal 32 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas disebutkan bahwa modal dasar pendirian Perseroan Terbatas paling sedikit berjumlah Rp50.000.000,. Namun jumlah tersebut menyulitkan bagi pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), khususnya usaha mikro. Oleh karena itu, dalam Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 kemudian mempermudah pendirian Perseroan Terbatas dengan pendiri hanya membuat Surat Pernyataan Telah Menyetor Modal tanpa harus menyetorkan modalnya. Mengingat penyetoran modal pendirian Perseroan Terbatas merupakan kewajiban yang mutlak yang harus dipenuhi oleh siapapun yang telah menyetujui penempatan modalnya pada Perseroan Terbatas dalam suatu dokumen resmi, baik yang dilakukan sebelum maupun setelah Perseroan Terbatas berdiri dan memperoleh status sebagai badan hukum, maka ketiadaan penyetoran modal pada saat yang telah ditentukan dapat melahirkan perikatan utang-piutang antara Perseroan Terbatas sebagai kreditur dengan pemegang saham sebagai debitur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Abstract This research explain that Article 32 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies states that the authorized capital for the establishment of a Limited Liability Company is at least IDR 50,000,000,. However this number makes it difficult for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), especially micro businesses. Therefore, in the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 4 of 2014 then it makes it easier for the establishment of a Limited Liability Company with the founders only to make a Statement of Having Paid Capital without having to deposit their capital. Considering that the payment of capital for the establishment of a Limited Liability Company is an absolute obligation that must be fulfilled by anyone who has approved the placement of their capital in a Limited Liability Company in an official document, either before or after the Limited Liability Company has been established and obtained its status as a legal entity, there is no capital injection at the time. which has been determined can give birth to a debt-receivable agreement between the Limited Liability Company as a creditor and the shareholders as the debtor. . The method used in this research is normative legal research.

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