scholarly journals KRITIK IDEOLOGIS PEMIKIRAN SUNNAH MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-84
Author(s):  
Nurul Hakim

Muh}ammad Syah}ru>r holds that everything that has been done by the Prophet in the 7th century in the Arabian peninsula is just the first—law—form to run—Shari'a—Islam, which is based to a particular historical setting. And this is not the legal form of a sole-law must be obeyed, and also not final. This view indicates that the sunnah that has been run by the Prophet only be ijtiha>diy. Therefore, the decision of the Prophet only be "temporary". The results of this study is the first, the nature of the sunnah according to Syah}ru>r: a) All the words and deeds of the Prophet is not a revelation. b) In the collection and codifying the hadith (sunnah), there is a chaos factor. c) the sunnah of the Prophet is the method of ijtihad in Arab societies in 7th century that bound by time and space. d) Muslims are only obliged to obey the sunnah risa>lah is the obedience connected. While sunnah risa>lah is the obedience disconnected and sunnah nubuwwah shall not be obeyed. e) The Prophet is not the ma's}u>m in all cases. Ma's}u>m prophets only consists of two things; 1) The Prophet awake from a mistake in conveying al-Z|ikr al-H}aki>m as revealed to him in the wording and meaning all at once, just as he received it from God in the form of words and speech. And the Prophet was maintained in its task of conveying risa>lah to humans. Second, the Prophet awake into illicit acts and do not exceed the limits of Allah. Second, thinking sunnah Syah}ru>r in the frame of ideological criticism is: a) The concept of thinking sunnah Syah}ru>r many uses scientific historical method (al-manhaj al-ta>ri>kh al-'ilmiy). b) All the words and deeds of the Prophet was a revelation. From this reason, the Prophet is the ma's}u>m. And because the Prophet is the ma's}u>m, then Muslims must comply sunnah in all kinds of all time. c) does not prohibit the companions of the Prophet to write his words (hadith).

Author(s):  
Sarah Cabalion ◽  
Elmoubasher Abu Baker Abd Farag ◽  
Frédéric Keck ◽  
Omer Abdelahdi ◽  
Hamad Al-Romaihi

This article investigates camel raising as a possible cause of transmission of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on the Arabian Peninsula. Drawing on collective research among camel workers in Qatar, it shows the difficulties of asking questions about camel raising in the context of a potential zoonosis, given the secretive nature of herding practices and the values attached to camels in Arab societies. It suggests that the concentration of camels in farms and central markets after the ban of camel grazing as well as the revival of the tradition of drinking camel milk have increased the risks of the transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to humans. The recent valorisation of camels, in the context of the transformation of Qatar from a pastoral economy to a global trade centre, may appear to be an obstacle in the surveillance of MERS-CoV, since camel owners are prone to denying that their animals are infected, but it can be converted into an asset if public health becomes a key element of national pride alongside camel raising.


2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (124) ◽  
pp. 327-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Altvater

Money is means of payment, it needs a legal form. Money resulting from illegal business lacks this legal shape, it needs “money laundering”. Methods of money laundering especially related to electronic banking and “shadow-banking” are discussed. The harmfulness of money laundering and is shown as well as the consequences for the social regime of time and space: only presence counts, instead of concrete territories abstract nodal points of networks come into play.


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Wardani Wardani

<p><strong>Abstract<em>: </em></strong><em>The issue on universality and particularity of Quranic teachings becomes a central issue which has triggered serious debate among Moslem scholars since the  Qur’an, as a scripture, embodies God’s speech whose doctrines have been intended as trans-historical teachings going beyond time and space. In addition, it was revealed gradually based on the events and circumstances to respond the the social problems happening during the periods of prophecy. This article is aimed to explore some Moslem scholars on the issues of (1) identifying the ways of  Qur’an in acculturation </em><em>vis-à</em><em>-vis Arab tradition, (2) studying on to what extent the Quranic exegeses in Indonesia have absorbed local traditions, and (3) analyzing the modes of interaction between the Qur’an and culture. The divinity of teachings in the qu’ran did not mean that it would lose the historical nature of its contents to a certain extent, since it had been revealed for a long time in the Arabian peninsula. In Indonesia, such acculturation also emerged when some authors of Quranic exegeses, such as Bakri Syahid in his Tafsir al-Huda, used local wisdom to interpret the Qur’an, for instance, the atribution of “pepundhen” (originally means: sacred place) to God. The interaction between the Qur’an and culture could be seen from acculturation of the Qur’an resulting in the so-called “cultural Qur’an”, and from Islamization of culture resulting in the so-called “Quranic culture”. </em></p><p dir="RTL"><strong>ال</strong><strong>ملخص:</strong> مازالت شمولية وإقليمية تعاليم القرآن قضية جدلية أحدثت جدلا جديا بين علماء المسلمين، إذ أن القرآن ككتاب مقدس يحتوى على كلام الرب الذى كانت تعاليمه تراد أن تكون صالحة عبر التاريخ خلال الزمان و المكان، مع أنه منزل فى ظروف معينة استجابة لروح مقتضيات الزمان. وهذه المقالة تهدف إلى كشف آراء علماء المسلمين عن هذه القضية، وإلى كشف مناهج القرآن فى التثقف عند مواجهة عادات العرب، وإلى البحث عن مدى ما وصل إليه تفاسير القرآن فى إندونيسيا فى استيعاب العادات الإقليمية، و أخيرا إلى تحليل طرائق التعامل بين القرآن والثقافة. ووصلت هذه الدراسة إلى نتيجة أن شمولية القرآن تتعلق بالقيم والقواعد التى تندرج تحتها كل أحكامه الجزئية، كالعدالة والتوسط، وهما عمادا تعاليم الإسلام. و قداسة القرآن لا تعنى غياب شخصيته التاريخية إلى حد معين، إذ أنه منزل زمانا طويلا فى جزيرة العرب.  وتتمثل تاريخيته من  تعاليمه التى تظهر من خلالها كأنها تفاوض عادات العرب، كالتجارة واحترام الأشهر الحرم،  فغاية القرآن لتحويل عادة جعلته يرشح قيما تكون أسسا لأحكام، بطريق  رفض عادة أو إعادة تكوينها. وظهر مثل هذا التثقف أيضا فى إندونيسيا عند ما كان مفسرو القرآن الإندونيسيون، مثل بكري شهيد من خلال كتابه "تفسير الهدى"، يستخدمون الحكمة الإقليمية فى تفسير القرآن، كوصف الرب بفوفوندين <em>pepundhen</em> (تعنى لغة: المكان المقدس). </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong><em>: Permasalahan seputar universalitas dan partikularitas al-Qur'an menjadi isu sentral yang telah memicu perdebatan serius di kalangan sarjana muslim karena al-Qur'an, sebagai kitab suci, melampaui waktu dan ruang. Selain itu, ia merespon masalah-masalah sosial yang terjadi selama periode kenabian. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi beberapa persoalan mengenai (1) identifikasi akulturasi al-Qur'an dengan tradisi Arab, (2) studi terhadap  tafsir al-Quran di Indonesia yang menyerap tradisi lokal, dan (3) analisis terhadap bentuk-bentuk interaksi Qur'an dan kultur. Keilahian ajaran al-Qur'an tidak berarti bahwa isi al-Qur'an kehilangan sifat historisnya karena ia diwahyukan untuk waktu yang lama di jazirah Arab. Historisitasnya tercermin dalam beberapa doktrin yang telah dinegosiasikan dengan tradisi Arab. Tujuan utamanya untuk mengubah setiap tradisi yang ada dengan menyisipkan nilai yang mendasari segala bentuk aturan atau merekonstruksi tradisi. Di Indonesia, akulturasi tersebut juga muncul ketika beberapa penulis tafsir al-Qur’an, seperti Bakri Syahid dalam bukunya Tafsir al-Huda, menggunakan kearifan lokal untuk menafsirkan al-Qur'an, misalnya, penisbatan "pepundhen" (awalnya berarti: tempat suci ) kepada Allah. Interaksi antara al-Qur'an dan budaya dapat dilihat dari akulturasi al-Qur'an sehingga disebut "al-Qur'an kultural", dan dari Islamisasi budaya menghasilkan apa yang disebut "kultur Qur'ani".</em></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>universalitas, kearifan lokal, enkulturasi, al-Qur'an kultural, kultur Qur'ani</p>


Hawwa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wanucha

AbstractThough in many ways the demographics and other characteristics of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf follow the proscribed pathways to modernity, the Arab societies in the region have not completely abandoned their traditional characteristics in the wake of modernization and globalization forces. These societies have found a way to consolidate the external and internal pressures and exist somewhere on a four-way spectrum between “modern traditionalism” and “traditional modernism” on one axis, and between “global traditionalism” and “traditionalized globalization” on the other. The Arab societies of the Persian Gulf fit neither into the “cultural maintenance” nor “modernization” category, but exist and thrive in some space in between, making it an interesting area of study in need of more research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 742-749
Author(s):  
Benslimane Abdennour ◽  

The prevalence of customary law within Arab societies, and in particular in the area of ​​water sharing and the organization of agro-pastoral lands has created a kind of conflict between customary legality and the positive law of the modern state, this the latter having become incapable of establishing its laws on the rural areas in which the tribes settle, and which have codified standards and have become familiar with modern laws enacted by the state.In order to preserve the social and economic balance in the Arab countries, the authorities in power were forced to promulgate laws and decrees in accordance with the customs and traditions of their peoples, in particular those related to agro-pastoral activity. Therefore, it can be said that the aim of the modern state is to place custom in a legal form respected by social groups.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Fabian Fadhly Jambak

The journey of life of the Messenger of Allah influences and forms the Shari’a. Ethnography in the Arabian peninsula (especially Mecca and Medina) influenced the development of Islam in the time of the Prophet, especially Mecca with trade culture and Medina culture agriculture.The Shari'a is influenced by the ethnographic situation in the Arabian peninsula, especially in the holy cities of the Islamic Community, namely Mecca and Medina. Ethnography can influence the development of Islam in the time of the Prophet, especially the Mecca that developed form exchanges of information by traders while the Islamic Medina developed from areas that were culturally derived from agricultural societies. The uniqueness of ethnography and his life’s journey refer to tashri (sharia) in terms of interpretation. Ethnography also influences the growth and development of Islam in Indonesia, which makes Islam acculturate with local culture.This paper is put forward as an effort to show the sirah nabawiyah (the journey of the Prophet's life) as one aspect of sharia formation, influenced by various factors in the spread, growth and development both in the Mecca and Madinah regions, as centers of Islamic teachings and Indonesia which has social differences , cultural, political and economic. The method put forward in this paper is the historical method, with the specification of a library research approach that refers to primary and secondary sources.Ethnography is one of the factors that can influence religious teachings to spread, grow and develop, a reality that also takes place on Islamic teachings. The teachings are influenced by the conditions of Mecca and Medina in shaping the law (tasyr’i). The teachings of Islam in Indonesia are spread and developed and grow sourced from the commercial activities carried out by the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century AD, but trade does not dwarf the agricultural community that simultaneously embraces Islam, which at the same time also the community of agricultural communities trade with the spreaders of Islam in the Coast region.Keywords: Ethnography, Indonesia, Nabawiyyah, Sirah, Tasyri'


Author(s):  
Maik Luu ◽  
Rossana Romero ◽  
Jasmin Bazant ◽  
Elfadil Abass ◽  
Sabrina Hartmann ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document