scholarly journals Sultan Sulayman’s Mosque in Jajce from its Foundation (1528) until the Second World War (1941)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (41) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Elvir Duranović
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

After the conquest of Jajce in 1528, by order of the Ottoman rule, the former Church of St. Mary was converted into a mosque which was named after the then sultan, namely Sultan Suleyman’s Mosque or the Emperor’s Mosque. Without referring to the pre-Ottoman period of the construction and activities of St. Mary’s Church for which our literature accumulated considerable material, this paper will focus on the period of the foundation of the mosque in 1528 until the beginning of the Second World War. Based on the archival material and published sources, this paper tries to explain why St. Mary’s Church had been converted into a mosque and how that had been done. More significant events from the history of the mosque are highligted, and also imams, hatibs, muezzins and other mosque officials are portrayed chronologically to the present day. Special attention is focused on the history of Sultan Sulayman’s Mosque in the 19th century when a fire broke out at the mosque, and it has never been restored to the present day. Referring to the sources from the archives of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the author has pointed to the causes of the fact that the mosque was not restored after the fire.

A century of physics in Oxford

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bleaney
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

This paper gives a concise history of the development of physics in Oxford, mainly from the middle of the 19th century to 1945. The first part covers the origins of the old Clarendon Laboratory and the Electrical Laboratory. The second part is devoted to the new Clarendon Laboratory, constructed in 1938–39, and the work there during the Second World War, together with a brief summary of important changes in 1945–46.

Holocaust Research in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia. An Inventory

Südosteuropa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vulesica
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Holocaust Studies ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mass Killings ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe Holocaust and other mass killings committed during the Second World War in the Yugoslav territories play a more significant role in current public debates than they do in education and research. 85% of Yugoslavia’s Jews were annihilated in the period between 1941 and 1945. In socialist Yugoslavia, it was Holocaust survivors in particular who collected materials that documented the execution of exterminist policies. How has the examination of the Holocaust changed since the dissolution of Yugoslavia; and how have the newly established states of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as Serbia coped with this part of their history? The author asks whether an exclusive exploration of Jewish suffering is possible—or even desirable—in today’s post-Yugoslav societies. She gives an overview of the evolution of a specific ‘Yugoslav’ approach to the history of the Holocaust, and depicts recent Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian efforts in this field. Furthermore, she looks at what kind of attention the Holocaust in Yugoslavia has received in international Holocaust Studies.

Federal Systems of Government

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-186
Author(s):  
P. Elman ◽  
M. Knisbacher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
World Government ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

It is perhaps paradoxical that the spread of nationalism in modern times has been accompanied by a counter-movement for the establishment of broader units of government, not only internationally, where plans and projects for some form of world government go back to at least the 17th century, but regionally as well. This study is concerned with the local or regional expression of integration, called federalism or federation.Clearly inspired, if not directly and immediately affected, by the example of the United States, the federal movement made headway in the 19th century, but it is largely since the end of the Second World War and the demise of colonialism, that its dimensions have grown. Although its success generally is rather doubtful—there appears to be a kind of empiric rule that the first fifteen are crucial—the retreat, so to speak, from particularism and attempts to advance to geographically broader units of government have persisted.

scholarly journals Uelen hunters and artists

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Bronshtein
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
World War ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Deep Knowledge ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Abstract Uelen is a settlement inhabited by coastal Chukchi and Yupik people who do not only hunt sea animals but also carve their ivory. Archaeological excavations in Uelen testify that ivory carving has existed there at least since the beginning of our era. When whale hunters and traders came in Uelen in the 19th century, traditional ivory carving turned into an ethnic handicraft. In 1931, Uelen residents were the first to open an ivory carving workshop in Chukotka. In the mid-1930s, they benefited from the valuable help of the Russian artist and art critic Alexander Gorbunkov, who encouraged them to develop their own artistic potential. By the end of the 1930s, Uelen carvers and engravers had acquired their particular artistic style based on their deep knowledge of the Arctic hunters’ customs, expressive images of polar animals, and the natural beauty of walrus tusk. The involvement of a large number of Uelen inhabitants in ivory carving was the main reason for its preservation during the Second World War and the difficult aftermath. New tendencies, including human and folklore themes, emerged in the 1950s-1970s alongside traditional hunting depictions. In the 1980s and 1990s, Uelen artists included in their art some patterns from prehistoric ornaments. While many Chukotka artists are using new creative ways in the 2000s, Uelen carvers in general keep closer to tradition. For them, ivory carving has become a symbol of the vanishing culture of their ancestors.

scholarly journals Dietetic practice: the past, present and future

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-730
Author(s):  
N. Hwalla ◽  
M. Koleilat
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Registered Dietitians ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Second World

The history of dietetics can be traced as far back as the writings of Homer, Plato and Hippocrates in ancient Greece. Although diet and nutrition continued to be judged important for health, dietetics did not progress much till the 19th century with the advances in chemistry. Early research focused focuses on vitamin deficiency diseases while later workers proposed daily requirements for protein, fat and carbohydrates. Dietetics as a profession was given a boost during the Second World War when its importance was recognized by the military. Today, professional dietetic associations can be found on every continent, and registered dietitians are involved in health promotion and treatment, and work alongside physicians. The growing need for dietetics professionals is driven by a growing public interest in nutrition and the potential of functional foods to prevent a variety of diet-related conditions

scholarly journals Rewolucja dokonana i obroniona

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Bronisław Gołębiowski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

The author disputes Leder’s idea in Prześniona rewolucja. Ćwiczenie z logiki historycznej [A Missed Revolution: Exercise in Historical Logic] (2014) that a great revolution, eliminating the “late feudalism” of the 19th century, occurred in Poland in the years 1939–1956 and that it happened because of the war’s destruction of the old social structures and the Nazi genocide of the Jewish population, that is, the bourgeois class, which was replaced in the years 1945–1956 by unconscious beneficiaries of the change. The beneficiaries were unaware, he writes, because the essence of the changes and their benefits never entered the social imaginary. The core of the author’s polemic is the claim that such change, which was conducted by force and by foreigners, can not be called a “revolution,” that is, the passage of society to modernity. Furthermore, the author claims that the great Polish revolution was conducted in full by the nation, by the peasant classes, in the years 1914–1922, and was popular and independence-oriented in nature. It was the continuation of the Polish independence uprisings of the 19th century, the result of changes in the social structure that had been occurring for years in the Polish lands, which were at the time divided between the partitioning states, and of deepening self-awareness among the people. The revolution was continued after Poland’s acquisition of independence in 1918. The Second World War, and foreign intervention, only disrupted that process.

scholarly journals Protection of old forges in Sułkowice – symbol of the local crafts-manship

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Barbara Zin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

Wooden structures linked to agriculture are disappearing from the image of the Polish countryside, villages and small towns at the beginning of the 21st century. It is worthy to start the discussion on the fate of desolate, deteriorating forges, sawmills, carpentries, or water mills which are relics of the traditional technology. Sułkowice, a small town in the Małopolskie voivodeship, has been known for ages as a prominent centre of blacksmiths and their craft. Even today one feels the specific character of the landscape; in the mid-19th century circa 1000 blacksmiths worked there. Tradition lived until the times after the Second World War – when artisans in Sułkowice forged, among others, artful fittings for the MS ‘Batory’ [famed Polish liner]. Inventories, surveys and measurements of old forges, elaborated by the authoress within the framework of the research grant “Image of villages and small towns in Poland of the last decade of the 20th century” (led by Prof. Wiktor Zin) led to gathering of the documentation of circa 20 structures hailing from the close of the 19th century. After 20 years that elapsed since the research there are only a few left, and their days are numbered. Local Programme of Revitalisation of the Town from the year 2007 which is a strategic plan for enterprises aiming at amelioration of the area, does not mention the protection of the last witnesses of the local crafts’s tradition. Whereby the activisation of the local community, deriving from the tradition of the place, should be the aim of such a programme. Thus maybe there should be reconstruction and later ‘cyclical rebuilding’ of the structures which have no chance to exist with their primary function? “Old-new” wooden structures shall be a reminder of the blacksmiths’ tradition.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BELGIAN ACCOUNTING CODE DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignace De Beelde
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
World War ◽  
Voluntary Adoption ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

Continental European countries are familiar with standardized charts of accounts. Practices in these countries have been quite diverging however, ranging from the voluntary adoption of schemes developed by professionals or associations to state-imposed charts. In the development of these schemes, several Belgian accounting scholars have played an important role, particularly from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. This paper links the charts proposed in Belgium with attempts to develop unified accounting and costing methods and efforts to introduce principles of scientific management around the end of the Second World War. It also seeks to explain why the introduction of decimalized charts took longer in Belgium than other countries such as France.

scholarly journals Informbiro crisis and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1948-1956) in historical sources and historiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
Jasmin Jajčević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Second World

In terms of historiography, the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Second World War has been dealt with by many historians and scholars, dealing with and researching topics related to the economy, culture, the issue of religious communities, political circumstances, etc. What is lacking in historiographical research in the period after the Second World War is certainly the question of education (educational opportunities), as well as the question of the repercussions and consequences of the Informbiro crisis in the period from 1948 to 1956 for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The period from 1948 to 1956 is one of the most dramatic and fateful phases in the recent history of the South Slavic countries, ie Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a period of very contradictory and turbulent social processes, which have led to complex changes in all areas of socio-economic and political reality, both domestically (in Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) and internationally. Stalin's attempt to subjugate the Yugoslav party leadership to Soviet domination will lead to an open split between Tito and Stalin (Yugoslavia and the USSR), which will have major consequences for the development of the Yugoslav political system, will lead to universal persecution of all those who voted for politics. Informbiroa in Yugoslavia. The conflict will have a particular impact on the political, economic and social situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this paper is to point out the historical sources that are in the archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, archives in Belgrade (Archives of Yugoslavia) and Zagreb on the basis of which the necessary data can be drawn to understand this issue, as well as to point to historiography (books, collections of papers and journals) that dealt with the issue of the Informbiro crisis in the period from 1948 to 1956 and its reflection on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is due to the fact that very few scientists and historians have dealt with this issue, as well as that there is very little historical literature for this period, especially for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It should be noted that we have a historian who has dealt with this issue at the micro level, and as a result a book was published in 2005 entitled „Informbiro and Northeast Bosnia: Echoes and Consequences of the KPJ-Informbiro Conflict (1948-1953)", where the general public with this event, which has a great impact on the political and socio-economic situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. From the appearance of this book until today, there have been attempts to shed light on this issue through several scientific conferences and round tables, and the result has been published collections of papers, as well as articles published in some journals, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina and wider.

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