scholarly journals UJI BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK BIJI DAN DAUN MIMBA ( Azadirachta indica L ) TERHADAP KEMATIAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN LARVA ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera exigua Hbn)

Agrotechbiz ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Moch. Su’ud ◽  
Ida Sugeng Suyani ◽  
Achmad Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua

               Spodoptera exigua Hbn merupakan hama tanaman bawang merah koloni ulat kecil-kecil membuat lubang pada daun, kemudian merusak jaringan vasikuler dan masuk ke pipa daun sambil memangsa daging daunsebelah dalam. Daun bawang merah tampak bercak putih memanjang seperti membran, kemudian layu, berlubang, dan didekat lubang tersebut terdapat kotoran ulat. Pada saat ini usaha pencegahan dan penanggulangan kerusakan tanaman karena Spodoptera exigua khususnya masih banyak dilakukan dengan insektisida sintetis, penggunaan insektisida organik yang lebih aman masih jarang digunakan, misalnya ekstrak biji mimba dan ekstrak daun mimba. Selama ini tanaman mimba tidak diusahakan hanya sebagai tanaman peneduh, maka dari itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk melihat adanya pengaruh beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak biji dan daun mimba (Azadirachta indica L.) terhadap kematian dan perkembangan larva Spodoptera exigua Hbn.    Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas bagian tanaman mimba (biji dan daun) terhadap kematian dan perkembangan larva Spodoptera exigua Hbn. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor dan masing-masing diulang 3 kali. Tempat dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pertanian Universitas Panca Marga Kabupaten Probolinggo pada bulan Januari 2016 sampai dengan bulan April 2016. Populasi Spodoptera exigua Hbn dari hasil pembiakan masal. Jumlah sampel 180 larva instar 3 dengan rincian 150 larva sebagai perlakuan dan 30 larva sebagai kontrol. Analisa data menggunakan analisa probit dan uji lanjut dengan BNJ 5%. Hasil analisa probit menunjukkan kemampuan untuk membunuh 50% populasi Spodoptera exigua Hbn untuk ekstrak biji membutuhkan 48,732 g/l sedangkan untuk ekstrak daun membutuhkan 107,363 g/l. Dan untuk waktu membunuh 50% populasi hama Spodoptera exigua Hbn untuk ekstrak biji konsentrasi 100% mempunyai waktu tersingkat yaitu 2 jam 25 menit sedangkan konsentrasi ekstrak daun 100% membutuhkan waktu 3 jam 46 menit. Pengaruh ekstrak biji dan daun mimba terbawa sampai kegenerasi kedua, sehingga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva, pupa, imago, dan juga jumlah telur serta daya tetasnya.   Kata kunci : biji mimba, daun mimba, ulat grayak

Traditional, Pharmacological and Patenting Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica): A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Mohd Asif Khan ◽  
Shashi Bhooshan Tiwari ◽  
Himanshu Gupta ◽  
Huma Noor
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Since ancient time, herbal drugs were highly used in the prevention and cure of various human illnesses. In India, Azadirachta indica being commonly known as Neem or Margosa is one of the multi-functional trees; belonging to Meliaceae family. In 1992, the US National Academy of Sciences was published a report entitled ‘Neem- a tree for solving global problems’. It is still considered as ‘village dispensary’ throughout the India. There are two species of Azadirachta which have been investigated; Azadirachta indica that is found in the Indian subcontinent and Azadirachta excelsa Kack that is homegrown to Indonesia and Philippines. A large number of pharmacologically active substances have been identified and isolated from the different parts of neem including azadirachtin, meliacin, gedunin, salanin, nimbin, valassin and various other components which are derived from these main compounds. Many different studies have been evaluated and authenticated for its various traditional and pharmacological activities like itching, leprosy, wound healing, spermicidal, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antidiabetic and analgesic etc. In the beginning of 1979, patenting on neem was started by CSIR to separate the active compounds from neem oil. Its great implantation fights with soil erosion, global warming, deforestations and desertification world-wide. In 2002, World Neem Conference raised the neem tree as an industrial or commercial plant. This review is going to explore comprehensively; traditional, pharmacological potential along with patenting, environmental & industrial significant of various parts of neem tree with safety concerns.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

Dairy Farmers Empowerment in Subak Anggabaya Penatih Timur Denpasar Bali Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20218-20223
Author(s):  
I Ketut Arnawa ◽  
I Wayan Runa ◽  
I Made Sukerta ◽  
Putu Sri Astuti ◽  
Dan Luh Kadek Budi Martini
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Training Activity ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
And Training ◽  
Spraying Method

The main purpose for the application of science and technology for livestock group of cow, is to form a group of skilled and professional livestock, as vaccinators, can take advantage of Azadirachta indica leaves a plant insecticide, apply a good cage sanitation, can produce organic fertilizer from feces of cow, can treat hay as feed to good nutritional value. The method used is education and training. Activity results obtained, that 10 percent of members of the group have managed to become vaccinators cadres, able to implement good sanitation stables, feces of cow (Stomoxys calsitrans) can process technology with EM4 into organic fertilizer and can process the rice straw with urea spraying method, to produce feed hay to the value of good nutrition for growing cattle.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cream Containing Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Glycyrrhiza glabra L and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Extracts to Topical Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Rajendra Gyawali ◽  
Rupesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Sahana Shrestha ◽  
Rajendra Joshi ◽  
Prem Narayan Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Cream Formulation ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L ◽  
Lipid Peroxidase ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Glycyrrhiza glabra L, and Azadirachta indica A. Juss were subjected to the evaluation of antioxidant properties and combined for the cream formulation. The antioxidant property was determined by using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidase assays. The cream formulation was designed using Minitab software and a central composite design was used to study the effect of dependent variables, steric acid and cetyl alcohol on the response variables such as, viscosity, pH, and spreadability. The phytochemical screening of extracts showed the presence of tannin, phenol, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Antioxidant properties of the extracts and their relative composition were found variable. Composition F3 (C. zeylanicum Blume: G. glabra L: A. indica A. Juss; 01: 02: 01) possessed the highest antioxidant capacity compared to other ratios. The cream prepared from this composition was found stable for pH, viscosity as well as antioxidant activity under normal condition (25) and accelerated condition (40 ). The cream with DPPH scavenging activity of 93.86 % at 15 µg/mL (IC50 8.58±0.30) and lipid peroxidase assay 90.93 % at 200 µg/mL (IC50 72.30±0.60) with pH 5.50 was found with a non-Newtonian positive thixotropic flow property. Parameters like pH, viscosity, and spreadability of the cream were within the acceptance range, and found stable and permeable

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