scholarly journals FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF YANKASA RAMS. 2 — EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF MAIZE WITH BREWERS' DRIED GRAINS OR PALM KERNEL MEAL.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
A. S. Kwatu ◽  
N. N. Umunna ◽  
C. N. Chineme
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-five Yankasa rams about 11/2 years old and of average weight 27kg were randomly assigned to five experimental diets which were (l) a control with 60% concentrate, diets 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 had the corn replaced by 20% and 40°/o brewers' dried grain (BDG) and palm kernel meal (PKM) respectively. All animals were individually fed the diets for the 70 days of the study. Average daily gain (ADC) was significantly (P 0.05) depressed only at the 40% BDC, level when compared with that of the control. Dressing percentage and percentage yield of wholesale cuts were not affected by the treatments. Nitrogen digestibility was significantly (P 0.05) depressed at the 40% BDG level. Based on the total performance and cost considerations, it was economical to use 20% BDG and up to 40% PKM in ram fattening diets.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEEDING PALM KERNEL MEAL ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
A. O. Aduku ◽  
J. O. Jegede ◽  
T. S. B. Tegbe ◽  
S. A. S. Olorunju
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty two (32) crossbred (Large white llampshire) boars and gilts of average initial weight of 41.55 kg were fed diets containing graded levels of palm kernel mcal (PKM). Pigs were randomly assigned to pens based on initial weight and sex and there were 2 pigs per pen. Palm kernel meal was fed at (a), (b) 21). 55 (c) (d) 61,65% of the diet to replace maize offal and full-fat soya-bean in the 16% crude protein diet for treatments 1 to 4. At the end of the 64-day trial, sixteen pigs (8 boars and 8 gilts) were used for carcass evaluation. Final weight of pigs decreased linearly (P<0.05) as the level of PKM increased in the diet. A quadratic response (P<0.05) was obtained for total gain and average daily gain, Average daily feed intake was not significantly allected by level of PKM fed but feed: gain increased linearly (P<0.05) as the level of PKM increased in the diet. Feed cost per kilogramme gain decreased significantly (P<0.05) as level of PKM increased but feed costs for the control and 20.55% PKM diets were similar. The feeding of PKM had no significant effect on dressing %, percentages of lam, shoulder, loin, belly, loin-eye area and backfat thickness. Organ weights (empty stomach, lungs, heart, kidneys and spleen) were not affected by dietary treatment. However, Weight of the liver increased linearly (P<0.05) as level of PKM inclusion increased in the diet. Boars had better gain (P<0.05) and better feed: gain ratio (P<0.01) compared to gilts.

scholarly journals Replacing Fishmeal With Palm Kernel Meal In Formulated Feed For The Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Nawwar Zawani Mamat ◽  
Norsila Daim ◽  
Nawwar Zawani Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Utilisation of plant proteins to replace fish meal in shrimp feeds has become an important consideration because fish meal is becoming more expensive due to increasing demand worldwide. The potential use of palm kernel meal (PKM) in this study to substitute fish meal in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets was evaluated by conducting a 90-day feeding trial. Shrimp juveniles with an initial average weight of 0.5 g, protein content of 10.74±0.70% were randomly distributed into five treatments in triplicates. Four isonitrogenous (approximately 35% protein) diets were formulated to contain 0% (D0), 25% (D25), 50% (D50) and 75% (D75) of PKM replacement and a commercial feed served as control treatment (Control). Results from this study revealed that shrimps fed D25 were comparable with those fed with Control as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) between the groups. However, PKM inclusions above 50% showed detrimental effects on the growth performance. The highest total protein percent was observed in shrimp tissues fed with D25 (67.59±0.87%) and D75 showed the lowest protein among the treatments (57.4±0.63%) (p<0.05). Total lipid content was observed high in shrimps fed with Control (4.33±2.96%) and decreased with PKM replacement levels. The highest carbohydrate was found in shrimps fed with D75 (16.75±0.04%) and the lowest was found in shrimps fed with D25 (14.67±0.07%). When PKM is utilised to replace FM, a limit of 25% level should be recommended.

EFFECTS OF ZERANOL ON WEIGHT GAIN, BONE GROWTH AND OTHER CARCASS TRAITS IN STEERS AND BULLS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-840
Author(s):  
Z. I. CHAUDHARY ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of zeranol were studied in 24 steers and 24 bulls starting at an average weight of 200 kg for a trial period of 183 days. Bulls grew faster than steers (P = 0.07) and zeranol-treated cattle showed higher average daily gain than controls (P < 0.05); there was no significant interaction between gender and treatment. Castration increased carcass fatness (P < 0.01) and decreased dressing percent (P < 0.01), rib-eye area (P < 0.01), shank muscle (P < 0.01) and shank muscle:bone ratio (P < 0.01). Implantation with zeranol had no effect on these traits. The weights of the radio-ulna, metacarpal and metatarsal bones were not significantly affected by gender or treatment. Growth at the distal end of the radius during the last 2 mo of the experiment was significantly less in treated cattle than in controls (P < 0.01) and in steers than in bulls (P < 0.01). Zeranol resulted in larger pelvic openings (P < 0.01) in bulls and steers and reduced libido (P < 0.05) in treated bulls. Key words: Cattle, zeranol, bone growth, castration, carcass traits, sexual development

Effects of raising lambs in a cold or a warm environment on animal performance and carcass traits

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vachon ◽  
R. Morel ◽  
D. Cinq-Mars
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Daily Gain

A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was conducted over two consecutive winters to compare growth and carcass traits of ram and ewe lambs in a cold or warm environment (noninsulated, unheated vs. an insulated and heated barn with minimum inside temperature (T) between 5 and 10°C). Each winter, 14 pairs of lambs of each sex were randomly allocated to either a cold or warm environment (average weight of 23.8 kg ± 0.6 and 22.4 kg ± 2.0 in 2003 and 2004, respectively). They were fed hay and concentrate ad libitum until they reached 42 to 48 kg body weight (BW) when they were slaughtered. Carcass traits were then evaluated. The average temperature in the cold environment was -7.49 and -4.74°C in 2003 and 2004, respectively, vs. +6.25 and +10.50°C, respectively, in the warm environment. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in growth performance and carcass traits between lambs raised in a cold or a warm environment. However, there was a tendency for lambs raised in a cold environment to have higher average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.06) and to take less time to market (P = 0.09). Results suggest that it is possible to raise lambs in a cold environment without having any detrimental effect on performance and carcass quality. Key words: Lamb, environment, cold, performance, growth, carcass

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ZERANOL ON SKELETAL GROWTH OF CULL COWS AND HEIFERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. I. CHAUDHARY ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
S. BUTSON ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two cull cows aged from 1 to 13 yr were allocated to five age groups and fed individually for 82 days, then slaughtered. Half of the cows within each group were implanted with 36 mg of zeranol. Zeranol had no significant effect on average daily gain, feed efficiency or backfat thickness, but caused a decrease in radio-ulna mass (P = 0.10) and length (P = 0.03). Rate of bone growth at the distal end of the radio-ulna decreased with increasing age to 0 at 4–5 yr. Key words: Cattle, bone growth, zeranol, cull cows, feedlot performance, carcass traits

THE EFFECTS OF SHEARING AND RALGRO IMPLANTS ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF LAMBS DURING THE SUMMER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. LANE ◽  
R. A. KEMP
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

To evaluate the effects of shearing and Ralgro® implants on the performance of fast-gaining feedlot lambs during the summer, 84 group-fed crossbred wether lambs (34.8 ± 1.8 kg) were shorn on day 0 of the feeding period (ES), shorn 3 wk later (LS), or left unshorn (NS), and either implanted with 12 mg Ralgro on day 0 (R) or not implanted (C). Lambs were blocked by initial weight. Heavy and light pens of lambs were shipped to market when the average weight within a pen was 52 kg after 40 and 55 d, respectively. Between days 0 and 40, mean average daily gain (ADG) of all lambs was 384 g and feed conversion was 4.38 kg dry matter kg−1 gain. During the first 40 d of the feeding period, shearing did not affect ADG (P > 0.05), but ES lambs had higher feed intake and poorer feed conversion than NS lambs (P < 0.05). Performance of the LS lambs was similar to the NS lambs prior to shearing, and similar to the ES lambs after shearing. A delay period between implantation and growth response was observed. Ralgro did not affect ADG between days 0 and 21 (P > 0.05) but improved ADG by 14.2% between days 21 and 40 (P < 0.01), giving an overall growth improvement of 6.5% between days 0 and 40 (P < 0.06). Ralgro had no effect on ADG after day 40. There were no interactions between the effects of shearing and Ralgro implantation on ADG (P > 0.05). Key words: Lambs, shearing, Ralgro, feedlot, summer

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE DIET USING PALM KERNEL MEAL ON MEAT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF PIG

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Tjokorda Istri Putri
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Utilization of palm kernel meal in the diet was evaluated on the chemical composition and cholesterol content of pig. Twelve of 36 weeks old landrace barrow, average weight gain 93-97 kg was used in this experiment. Two diets RI without palm kernel meal and R II with 22% palm kernel meal were applied to the animals. Energy, crude protein content of R I and R II were 3313 kcal DE/kg and 12.32% CP and 3329 kcal DE/kg and 13.26 % CP respectively. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments were R I6 (the animals were fed RI for 6 weeks period), R I4 R II2 (the animals were fed R I for 4 weeks and R II for the last 2 weeks), R I2 R II4 the animals were fed R I for the first 2 weeks and R II for the last 4 weeks) and R II6 (the animals were fed RII for 6 weeks period). Each treatment was replicated three times with one pigs for each replicated. The result of this experiment showed that cholesterol content on ham, chemical composition (water, crude protein and ether extract) of loin and ham were not signification, loin cholesterol content on RI4, RII2, RI2 RII4 and RII6 was 24.40 ; 13.50, and 28.80% respectively and less than RI6. Key word: palm kernel meal, chemical composition, cholesterol content

EFFECTS OF DIETARY ROUGHAGE LEVEL ON THE FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLS AND STEERS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment is described comparing bulls and implanted steers fed diets containing three roughage levels (20, 50 and 80% alfalfa–brome hay) with two pens of four cattle in each ’sex’ × dietary roughage level subgroup. Cattle were about 12 mo old and 230 kg at the start of the trial. Each animal was slaughtered when it reached 500 kg. No significant castration × roughage level interactions were found for any of the feedlot or carcass traits studied. Increasing the level of roughage in the diet resulted in a significant decrease in average daily gain (P < 0.01) and an increase in average daily feed (P < 0.01) and feed per kilogram gained (P < 0.01) to 500 kg. Differences in daily digestible energy (DE) consumption and DE and feed cost per kilogram gained were not significant. Increasing the roughage level reduced all measures of carcass fatness (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the muscle content. Castration significantly reduced growth rate (P < 0.01) and increased feed requirement per unit of gain (P < 0.05). Steer carcasses were lighter (P < 0.01) and fatter (P < 0.01) than those of bulls and had lighter sample muscle weights (P < 0.01) and smaller sample muscle:bone ratios (P < 0.01).

scholarly journals Analysis of the use of media resulting from bioconversion of organic waste in the production of maggots BSF (black soldier fly)

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Syahrizal Syahrizal ◽  
Ediwarman ◽  
Safratilofa ◽  
Muhamat Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Maggots is an organism derived from the eggs of the black fly, Hermentia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF), which undergoes metamorphosis in the second phase after the egg phase and before the pupa phase which then turns into an adult fly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utilization of organic waste substrate on the production of BSF maggots cultivation. This research was conducted outdoor at the Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries Center (BPBAT) Sungai Gelam Jambi with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications; Treatment A: PKM (palm kernel meal) 100%, B (PKM 50% + cabbage vegetable waste 50%), C (PKM 50% + coconut pulp 50%) and D (PKM 50% + coconut pulp 25% + vegetable waste cabbage 25%). The average yield parameter of high maggots biomass in treatment A was 673.67 g/4 kg substrate and the lowest biomass in treatment D was 239.67 g/4 kg substrate. For the average weight and length of the best maggots in treatment A (0.20 g/individual) and (1.83 cm), the lowest was in B (0.12 g/Ind. and 1.58 cm). The highest was in treatment B (5,182.31 individual/4 kg substrate) and the lowest was in D (1,479.44 ind./4 kg substrate. The highest bioconversion value of maggots to organic matter OSE (organic substrate efficiency) was highest in treatment A (16, 84%) and the lowest was in D (5.99%). Technically, treatment A was slightly better than B, while economically the best organic substrate medium for maggots cultivation was in treatment B with a production cost of Rp. 7.257 and the ECR (economic conversion ratio) value of 5.81 was lower than the other 3 treatments.   Keywords: Maggots, black soldier fly, Hermentia illucens, organic waste.   ABSTRAK   Maggots merupakan organisme yang berasal dari telur seranga lalat hitam, Hermentia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis pemanfaatan subtrat limbah organik terhadap produksi budidaya maggots BSF. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPBAT) Sungai Gelam, Jambi dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A : PKM (palm kernel meal) 100%, B (PKM 50% + limbah sayur kol 50%), C (PKM 50% + ampas kelapa 50%), dan D (PKM 50% + ampas kelapa 25%+ limbah sayur kol 25%).Rata-rata biomassa tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuanA (673,67g/4 kg subtrat) dan biomassa terendah dihasilkan pada perlakuan D (239.67g/4 kg subtrat). Untuk bobot rata-rata dan panjang maggots terbaik dihasilkan pada perlakuan A (0,20 g/individu dan 1,83 cm/individu), terendah pada B (0,12 g/individu dan (1,58 cm). Jumlah populasi maggots yang terbanyak dihasilkan pada perlakuan B (5.182,31 ind./4 kg subtrat) dan terendah pada D (1.479,44 individu/4 kg subtrat). Nilai biokonversi maggots terhadap bahan organik OSEterbaik (organic substrate efficiency) tertinggi pada perlakuan A (16,84%) dan terendah pada D (5,99%). Secara teknis perlakuan A sedikit lebih baik dari B sedangkan secara ekonomi media subtrat organik terbaik untuk budidaya maggots terdapat pada perlakuan B dengan biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 7.257 dan nilai ECR (economic convertion ratio) sebesar 5.81 lebih rendah dari ke 3 perlakuan lainnya.   Kata kunci: Maggots, black soldier fly, Hermentia illucens, limbah organik.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF EXTRUDED CORNSOY AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE AND GROUNDNUT MEAL IN WEANER-GROWER PIG RATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
H. A. Fashina-Bombata ◽  
O. O. Tewe
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Large White ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Two feeding trials were conducted using sixteen Landrace x Large White cross-bred pigs to determine the effect of feeding extruded corn-soyabean diets on performance and carcass traits in growing pigs. Extruded corn-soyabean meal was used to replace full fat soyabean at 0 33.67 and 100% in a practical weaner and grower diets. Average 'feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) increased by the addition of corn-soyabean to the diets. Average daily gain and feed/gain were also improved (P<0.05) by Corn-soyabean diets. The use of extruded corn-soyabean meal had no significant effect on some retail cuts. However, certain carcass traits were affected (P<0.05). Corn-soyabean diets improved warm dressing percentage but lowered percent lean cuts (P<0.05).

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