Influence of earthworm cast on manure from cattle, sheep and goats and its effects on maize growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
O. A. Fasae
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Earthworm Casts ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fresh Manure ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Goat Manure

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of earthworm activities on manure from indigenous breeds of cattle, sheep and goats of Nigeria. Three treatment groups of manure from cattle, sheep and goat were inoculated with earthworms in prepared worm beds and worm casts derived were evaluated after 8 weeks. The results showed that earthworms had a great impact on the chemical constituents' transformations in the manure. The percentage of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in worm cast was found to increase. Nitrogen totals from worm casts were 1.65, 1.72 and 1.96% for cattle, sheep and goats, respectively compared to 0.95, 1.21 and 1.31%, obtained from manure. Within the species, the manure and worm casts derived from goats were superior to that from sheep and cattle. Weights of maize plant grown with worm cast were almost twice that of the fresh manure across the treatments. It was concluded that earthworm casts from cattle, sheep and goat manure were nutritionally superior to manure from which they were derived. Such improved manure can serve as a ready source of high quality fertilizer for the resource poor farmers in Nigeria.

Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jennings ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stocking Rates

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with milking cows on continuously stocked perennial ryegrass pastures. In each a control group, T0, received 1 kg/day of a concentrate supplement and treatment groups T1 and T2 received 4 kg (Expt 1) or 5 kg/day (Expt 2) of a low quality T1 or a high quality T2 concentrate. In Expt 1 treatments were applied continuously for 14 weeks to a total of 30 cows. In Expt 2 a Latin square design for 9 weeks was conducted with 18 cows. The stocking rate of the pasture declined from 9·6 to 5·1 cows per ha (mean 6·7 cows/ha) from May to August (Expt 1) and was maintained at 3 cows/ha in August-October (Expt 2).Supplements increased total intakes by 0·92 and 0·77 kg organic matter (OM)/kg OM supplied in the concentrates respectively for Expts 1 and 2. Milk yields increased by 0·6 and 0·5 kg/kg concentrate supplied and supplemented cows showed small increases in live weight. Differences in lactation milk yield just approached significance. Grazing times were only slightly reduced by supplements and bite sizes were lower than normal. There was no important difference in animal performance between the two concentrates. The total output from the pasture was 19·6t milk and 115 GJ of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare.Reasons for the high supplementary effect of the concentrates and its implications for stocking rates are discussed.

Need for high-quality studies in health technology assessments: The case of a systematic review of treatment for retinoblastoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona M. Mc Daid ◽  
Suzanne Hartley ◽  
Anne-Marie Bagnall ◽  
Gill Ritchie ◽  
Kate Light ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the evidence for treatments for retinoblastoma in children.Methods: Seventeen electronic databases were searched. Two reviewers independently selected studies. Studies of participants diagnosed with childhood retinoblastoma, any interventions, and all clinical outcomes were eligible. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials and cohort studies with clear comparisons between treatment groups were included. Methodological quality was assessed.Results: Thirty-one observational comparative studies were included, of which twenty-seven were retrospective. The methodological quality was generally poor, with a high risk of selection bias in all studies. Although there were high levels of treatment success in many of the studies, due to the limitations of the evidence identified, it was not possible to make meaningful and robust conclusions about the relative effectiveness of different treatment approaches for retinoblastoma in children.Conclusions: Good quality randomized controlled trials are required. Where controlled trials are not feasible, only high quality prospective, nonrandomized studies should be given consideration, due to the generally higher risk of bias in retrospective studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of isometamidium levels in the serum of sheep and goats after prophylactic treatment against trypanosomosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Wesongah ◽  
G.A. Murilla ◽  
J.K. Kibugu ◽  
T.W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half

years, but recently there have been reports of prophylaxis failure under natural conditions. In this study, use of the drug for prophylactic purpose against trypanosomosis in small ruminants was investigated. Forty-two sheep and 44 goats were divided into four treatment groups. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with isometamidium chloride (Samorin(R), Rhone Merieux, Lyon, France) at 3-month intervals while groups 3 and 4 were used as controls. All the animals were exposed to natural tsetse challenge and monitored for serum isometamidium levels and anti-trypanosome antibodies. Seven days after drug administration, isometamidium levels were significantly higher in goats 13.7 + 0.07 ng/mℓ than in sheep 6.2 + 0.06 ng/mℓ. However, the elimination half-life in the sheep was 14.2 + 0.92 days and was significantly higher (P > 0.05) than that of the goats 12 + 0.5 days. This study established that isometamidium metabolism differs between sheep and goats and this difference may have important implications in high tsetse challenge areas.

Analysis of Cocoon and Silk Quality of Trimolter Silkworms Induced by Anti-Juvenile Hormone

2013 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui He Niu ◽  
Zhi Ping Wu ◽  
Pei Feng Yin ◽  
Guo He Wang ◽  
Jian Zhong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Silk Fiber ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fine Filament

Trimolter silk fiber has special economic value and bright prospect in terms of developing the distinctive silk textile of high quality. In this research, the trimolters were induced by AJH (Jinlu inducer) using two races of silkworms (Qiufeng×Baiyu and Liangguang NO.2) as materials, and their cocoon and silk quality differences were investigated with single cocoon reeling test The results showed that the cocoon filament denier were different because of silkworm races and treatment periods The cocoon filament deniers from the controls, 3rd instar and 4th instar treatment groups of Liangguang NO.2 were 2.64 D, 1.45D and 0.78 D, while the cocoon filament deniers of Qiufeng×Baiyu were 2.47 D, 1.75 D and 1.01 D, respectively. Compared with the controls, the breakage strength of silk fiber from 3rd instar treatment groups of Qiufeng×Baiyu and Liangguang NO.2 enhanced 109.6 % and 145.2 %, on the contrary, that of 4th instar treatment groups declined to 70.3 % and 43.6 %. Additionally, sericin tended to decrease after the treatment of AJH. These results showed that fine filament silk with high quality could be produced in the early stage of 3rd instar induced by AJH, which was superior to that of tetramolters, and the super fine filament silk can be produced in the stage of 4th instar induced by AJH.

Differences in sheep and goats milk fatty acid profile between conventional and organic farming systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Tsiplakou ◽  
Vaios Kotrotsios ◽  
Ioannis Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
George Zervas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Conventional Milk

The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in chemical composition and particularly in fatty acid (FA) profile, with emphasis on cis-9, trans-11 CLA, of milk obtained from conventional and organic dairy sheep and goats farms under the farming conditions practiced in Greece. Four dairy sheep and four dairy goat farms, representing common conventional production systems and another four dairy sheep and four dairy goat farms, organically certified, representing organic production and feeding systems were selected from all over Greece. One hundred and sixty two individual milk samples were collected from those farms in January–February 2009, about three months after parturition. The milk samples were analyzed for their main chemical constituents and their FA profile. The results showed that the production system affected milk chemical composition: in particular fat content was lower in the organic sheep and goats milk compared with the corresponding conventional. Milk from organic sheep had higher content in MUFA, PUFA, α-LNA, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, and ω-3 FA, whereas in milk from organic goats α-LNA and ω-3 FA content was higher than that in conventional one. These differences are, mainly, attributed to different feeding practices used by the two production systems. The results of this study show that the organic milk produced under the farming conditions practiced in Greece has higher nutritional value, due to its FA profile, compared with the respective conventional milk.

scholarly journals Analysis of grassland associations of Stara Planina mountain

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Tomic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
V. Krnjaja
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Natural Grasslands

Production of organic, biologically valuable food is a trend in the World today, and in our country it can be successfully realized in production of meat and milk from small ruminants, sheep and goats in hilly-mountainous region. Namely, grasslands in these regions are well preserved from the utilization of mineral fertilizers and chemical preparations for plant protection, therefore production of healthy food is still possible with minimum investments. The quality of plant mass is very important, i.e. presence of high quality plant species in the grassland, as well as possibility for increase of their percentage in the grassland. For this purpose, research was carried out and plant associations most present on Stara Planina Mountain on altitude of 650 to 1200 m were analyzed from the aspect of phytocenology. On these locations recordings were made and samples were taken for analysis in the period 2002-2005 and in year 2008. Total of 8 associations were analyzed, and two of them Agrostietum vulgarae Z. Pavl. 1955. sensu lato. and Festucetum vallesiacae Borisavljevic 1956. occurred repeatedly on several location and different time interval of analysis. Beside mentioned two associations the following were also analyzed: Arrhenatheretum elatioris Br.-Bl. 1925.senso lato, Festuco-Chrysopogonetum grylli Randj. 1977., Danthonietum calycinae Cinc. et Kojic 1958., Medicago falcata-Festucetum rubrae, Trifolio campestre- Agrostietum vulgaris i Festuco vallesiacae-Agrostieutum vulgaris Danon et Blaz.1978 on 17 locations. Number of species in analyzed associations was from 34 to 77. Beside number of plant species also their share categorized in categories of high qualiity grasses, high quality leguminous plants and useful species from other families, as well as harmful i.e. weed species. Main quality parameters were established in samples from all associations. Objective of analyses of natural grasslands was to establish share of high quality plant species, which is reflected directly through production and quality of plant mass grazed by small ruminants, sheep and goats.

Promoting a Balanced Development of High Quality Teacher Resources with Network Technology

2014 ◽  
pp. 291-305
Author(s):  
Caiping Xiong ◽  
Xuejun Wang ◽  
Xiangyang He ◽  
Wenzheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Teacher Resources ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Excellent Teachers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Instructional Research

In China, the availability of high quality teacher resources varies from region to region and differs even among different schools in the same region. Two approaches were taken to solve this resource problem (i.e., traditional educational support and traditional instructional research). The former approach was attempted to relieve the shortages of high quality teacher resources in resources-poor schools by sending excellent teachers to assist in instruction and school management. The latter approach was intended to improve teachers’ teaching skills within resources-poor schools by conducting instructional research on the spot. However, both had little effect. What can be done to increase the availability of high quality teacher resources? What is the most effective way to improve the teachers’ teaching skills? How does one find new ways to solve the problem of imbalanced allocation of high quality teacher resources? These questions have puzzled the educational professional for a long time. This chapter introduces two innovated approaches to develop high quality teacher resources by using network technology. Network-based educational research approaches allow the teachers in resource-rich schools to teach the students of resource-poor schools through network video conference systems without leaving his or her own school. The network-based instructional research approach enables the teachers of both resource-rich and resource-poor schools to build alliances according to disciplines and to collaborate on instruction by network videoconference systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document