scholarly journals Performance characteristics, plasma lipids and copper residue in organs and tissues of cockerel chickens fed dietary organic and inorganic copper

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
A. V. Jegede ◽  
O. O. Oduguwa ◽  
A. O. Fafiolu ◽  
O. O. Ibitoye ◽  
I. A. Ogunsola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 112-day study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary organic (Copper proteinate) and inorganic (Copper sulphate) Cu source on growth performance, plasma lipids and copper residue in organs and tissues of cockerel chickens. 240 day-old commercial Black-Harco cockerel chicks were randomly distributed to 6 dietary treatments of 40 birds each. Each treatment group was randomly allocated to 4 replicates of 10 birds each. The diets were formulated to contain a basal diet (containing 30.62 and 29.71 mg/kg Cu for starter and finisher phases respectively) supplemented with organic Cu (Cu proteinate; Cu-P) or inorganic Cu (Cu sulphate; CuSO ) fed at 3 dietary levels (50, 100 and 4 150 mg/kg). The birds were fed chicks mash and grower mash at 1-56 days and 57-112 days respectively in a deep litter pen at floor space of 0.06 m2/bird. Cu-P supplementation resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) final live weight (FLW) and total weight gain (TWG) compared to CuSO at starter phase. Better feed conversion ratio was noticed in birds fed 4 Cu-P supplemented diets compared to CuSO at 150mg/kg Cu concentration at both starter 4 and finisher phases. Birds fed 150 mg/kg Cu recorded the highest (P<0.05) feed intake value at starter phase. There was significantly higher (P<0.05) accumulation of Cu in the blood, heart, lung, liver and thigh of birds fed Cu-P than those fed CuSO . The liver Cu 4 concentration increased as dietary Cu concentration increased. Cu-P supplementation resulted in significant reduction (P<0.05) in plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride in comparison to CuSO . The blood 4 cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride decreased with increased copper concentration. Organic form of copper promotes growth, more bioavailable and more effective in reducing cholesterol than copper sulphate.

scholarly journals Copper bioavailability, mineral utilization, and lipid metabolism in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
Aiyou Wen ◽  
Sifa Dai ◽  
Xuezhuang Wu ◽  
Zhihua Cai
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Utilization

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) sources and levels on mineral utilization, tissue copper residues, and lipid metabolism in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 640 male broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 16 broilers per replicate. The experiment was used in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial experiment design. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and animals in the other four groups were fed basal diets supplemented with Cu from copper sulphate and copper methionine. Copper concentrations of the experimental diets were 20 and 40 mg Cu/kg dry matter. A metabolism trial of 4 days was conducted during the last week of experimental feeding. Neither Cu source nor Cu level affected average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed gain ratio (P &gt; 0.05). Broilers fed 40 mg Cu/kg diets had lower plasma cholesterol than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Copper supplementation decreased (P &lt; 0.05) plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but did not alter plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations or plasma triglyceride concentrations. Copper sulphate supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) liver Cu but did not alter pectorals Cu, heart Cu, tibia Cu and tibia P. Broilers fed 40 mg/kg Cu from copper sulphate had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) tibia Ca level. The concentration of liver Cu in the broilers fed copper methionine diets was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than that in those fed copper sulphate. Compared with copper sulphate (100%), the relative bioavailability value of copper methionine was 117%. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of copper methionine obtained in this study was greater than that of copper sulphate. Copper plays an important role in plasma lipids and in the digestion of dietary Ca in broiler chickens.

Copper sulphate as a growth stimulant for pigs: effect of composition of diet and level of protein

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Lucas ◽  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Low Protein

Thirty six individually-fed pigs were used in a within-litter comparison of the 6 treatments of a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. The pigs were about 9 weeks old at the start and were slaughtered as their individual weights reached about 200 lb.Three types of basal diet were given with and without a supplement of CuSO4.5H2O included at 0·1% (250 p.p.m. added Cu).The diets were based on (1) barley and fish meal, with 17% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. live-weight and 15·4 % from then on, (2) maize and soya (extracted soya bean meal), with about the same levels of protein and (3) maize and soya, but with only 13·4% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. and 11·9% for pigs of 103 lb. to 200 lb. Daily feed allowances were determined from a fixed scale based on live-weight.Pigs given the high-protein maize-soya diets grew more rapidly, required less feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses than those given the barley-fish meal diets. This was probably because of the higher TDN content of the maize-soya mixture.Pigs given the low-protein maize-soya diets grew less rapidly, required more feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses with smaller ‘eye’ muscles than those receiving the high-protein maize-soya diets, these being the usual effects of an inadequate supply of total protein or of an essential amino acid.CuSO4.5H2O4 added as 0·1% of each of the three types of diet improved growth rate before 103 lb. live-weight but had no consistent effect on feed conversion efficiency. Between 103 lb. and slaughter the copper sulphate did not affect performance on the barley-fish meal or high-protein maize-soya diet, but in the low-protein maize-soya diet it reduced feed conversion efficiency and rate of gain by 5%. Although this interaction was not statistically significant it agrees with an observation made in Florida and warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals (Pro)renin Receptor Inhibition Reduces Plasma Cholesterol and Triglycerides but Does Not Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Atherosclerotic Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dien Ye ◽  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Liwei Ren ◽  
Hong S. Lu ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Receptor Inhibition ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Objective: Elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations contributes to ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Recently, we showed that inhibiting hepatic (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] attenuated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficient mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibiting hepatic (P)RR could attenuate atherosclerosis.Approach and Results: Eight-week-old male LDLR−/− mice were injected with either saline or N-acetylgalactosamine-modified antisense oligonucleotides (G-ASOs) primarily targeting hepatic (P)RR and were fed a western-type diet (WTD) for 16 weeks. (P)RR G-ASOs markedly reduced plasma cholesterol concentrations from 2,211 ± 146 to 1,128 ± 121 mg/dL. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) analyses revealed that cholesterol in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)/LDL fraction were potently reduced by (P)RR G-ASOs. Moreover, (P)RR G-ASOs reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations by more than 80%. Strikingly, despite marked reduction in plasma lipid concentrations, atherosclerosis was not reduced but rather increased in these mice. Further testing in ApoE−/− mice confirmed that (P)RR G-ASOs reduced plasma lipid concentrations but not atherosclerosis. Transcriptomic analysis of the aortas revealed that (P)RR G-ASOs induced the expression of the genes involved in immune responses and inflammation. Further investigation revealed that (P)RR G-ASOs also inhibited (P)RR in macrophages and in enhanced inflammatory responses to exogenous stimuli. Moreover, deleting the (P)RR in macrophages resulted in accelerated atherosclerosis in WTD fed ApoE−/− mice.Conclusion: (P)RR G-ASOs reduced the plasma lipids in atherosclerotic mice due to hepatic (P)RR deficiency. However, augmented pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages due to (P)RR downregulation counteracted the beneficial effects of lowered plasma lipid concentrations on atherosclerosis. Our study demonstrated that hepatic (P)RR and macrophage (P)RR played a counteracting role in atherosclerosis.

Cholesterol-lowering effects of Bacillus coagulans B37 and Bacillus pumilus B9 strains in a rat animal model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lopamudra Haldar ◽  
D. N. Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adaptation Period

An experiment was conducted for the 56 d period in thirty six adult male albino Wister rats divided equally into four groups. After 7 d adaptation period, all the groups were fed with cholesterol enriched diet for 14 d. Thereafter, one group (T1) was fed on sterile skim milk along with cholesterolemic diet for the next 21 d. The two experimental groups (T2 and T3) received cholesterolemic diet plus spore biomass of B. coagulans B37 and B. pumilus B9, respectively, suspended in sterilized skim milk @ 8-9 log cfu/ ml for the next 21 d. The control group was supplied with clean water along with cholesterolemic diet for 21 d. All the animals were fed on the basal diet along with water during a 14 d post-treatment period. After the adaptation period, the blood samples were collected weekly from the experimental rats up to 42 d, and plasma separated, and subjected to the determination of different plasma lipid fractions. The oral administration of both B. coagulans B37 and B. pumilus B9 resulted a decrease (P Less Than 0.05) in plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic index in the experimental rats.

Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Patients with Malabsorption

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert R. Thompson ◽  
J. Paul Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

1. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins have been studied in control subjects and patients with various types of steatorrhoea. 2. Low plasma cholesterol levels were found in malabsorbers and were associated with decreased amounts of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in males and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in females. 3. Serum triglyceride levels were normal in males, but exceeded control values in some of the females, due to an increase in very-low-density lipoprotein. 4. LDL composition was abnormal in both male and female malabsorbers, with a decreased proportion of cholesterol ester and an increased proportion of triglyceride. There was also an increased proportion of triglyceride in HDL. 5. These findings show that malabsorption markedly influences not only the concentration but also the composition of plasma lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Dietary Cholesterol Is Highly Associated with Severity of Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerotic Lesions in Heterozygous LDLR-Deficient Hamsters

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Wang ◽  
Kunxiang He ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Inherited Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Objective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a dominant inherited disease caused mainly by low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene mutations. To different extents, both heterozygous and homozygous FH patients develop premature coronary heart disease (CHD). However, most of the experimental animal models with LDLR deficiency could not fully recapitulate FH because they develop hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis only in homozygous, but not in heterozygous, form. In the current study, we investigated the responsiveness of the LDLR+/− hamster to dietary cholesterol and whether plasma cholesterol levels were positively associated with the severity of atherosclerosis. Approach and Methods: wild type WT and LDLR+/− hamsters were fed a high fat diet with different cholesterol contents (HCHF) for 12 or 16 weeks. Plasma lipids, (apo)lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis in both the aorta and coronary arteries were analyzed. After a HCHF diet challenge, the levels of total cholesterol (TC) in WT and LDLR+/− hamsters were significantly elevated, but the latter showed a more pronounced lipoprotein profile, with higher cholesterol levels that were positively correlated with dietary cholesterol contents. The LDLR+/− hamsters also showed accelerated atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries, whereas only mild aortic lesions were observed in WT hamsters. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that, unlike other rodent animals, the levels of plasma cholesterol in hamsters can be significantly modulated by the intervention of dietary cholesterol, which were closely associated with severity of atherosclerosis in LDLR+/− hamsters, suggesting that the LDLR+/− hamster is an ideal animal model for FH and has great potential in the study of FH and atherosclerosis-related CHD.

Plasma Lipid Variability in the Toronto Twin Register

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Milner ◽  
Joe C. Christian ◽  
David Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Mz Twins

Plasma lipids were studied on 92 pairs of twins (66 MZ and 26 like-sexed DZ). The DZ twins had significantly greater total variance than the MZ twins for total plasma cholesterol but not for triglycerides or the high, low, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fractions.

Plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and triglyceride turnover in eu- and hypo-thyroid rats and rats on a hypocaloric diet

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Dory ◽  
Brian R. Krause ◽  
Paul S. Roheim
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Control Groups

Lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and triglyceride turnover were studied in control, thyroidectomized, and pair-fed control rats (pair-fed to match the food intake of the thyroidectomized rats). Thyroidectomy induced a significant increase in plasma cholesterol (and low density lipoprotein) concentrations and a decrease in plasma triglyceride (and very low density lipoprotein) concentrations. Changes in similar direction but of smaller magnitude were observed in the plasma of the pair-fed control rats. To further investigate triglyceride metabolism in these three groups of animals, triglyceride turnover was studied in fasted, unrestrained, and unanesthetized rats, following injection of [2-3H]glycerol. Peak incorporation of [2-3H]glycerol into plasma triglyceride occurred in all three groups of animals at 25 min after precursor administration, although the maximal incorporation was substantially lower in the thyroidectomized group than in either of the control groups. Thereafter, plasma triglyceride radioactivity decayed monoexponentially with a half-life of 24 ± 1 min for both normal and pair-fed control rats, compared with the half-life of 41 ± 3 min observed in the thyroidectomized rats. The calculated apparent fractional catabolic rates were thus 0.029 min−1 for both control groups and only 0.017 min−1 for the thyroidectomized animals. The apparent total catabolic rates of plasma triglyceride were 299 ± 11, 138 ± 11, and 48 ± 4 μg triglyceride∙min−1 for the normal controls, pair-fed controls, and thyroidectomized rats, respectively. These data further emphasize the importance of thyroid hormones in regulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and, specifically, indicate that hypothyroidism results in a reduction of triglyceride secretion into, and the removal from, circulation. Furthermore, evidence was presented that the decreased caloric intake of the hypothyroid animals cannot, in itself, account for this observation.

Effect of Phenobarbitone on Plasma Lipids in Normal Subjects

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Durrington ◽  
C. J. C. Roberts ◽  
Lyn Jackson ◽  
R. A. Branch ◽  
M. Hartog
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Antipyrine Clearance

1. Phenobarbitone in a dose of 180 mg daily was administered to ten normal subjects for 3 weeks. There was a significant increase in total plasma cholesterol, plasma low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides and plasma LDL protein. The increase in plasma LDL cholesterol accounted for the increase in total plasma cholesterol. There was a significant reduction in the ratio of LDL cholesterol to LDL protein. 2. No significant changes were observed in total plasma triglycerides, plasma very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides, plasma VLDL cholesterol or plasma VLDL protein. 3. Evidence that drug-metabolizing enzymes were induced by phenobarbitone was provided by an increase in antipyrine clearance. No relationship was observed between changes in plasma cholesterol and changes in antipyrine clearance. Serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was also increased after phenobarbitone administration, the increase being unrelated to changes in antipyrine clearance or plasma cholesterol.

scholarly journals Effect of oral administration of Pleuroteus tuber-regium extract on growth, serum metabolites and histomorphological changes in growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliat Adebola Salami ◽  
Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye ◽  
Samuel Keniokpo Ogoina ◽  
Anyuabuuga Ayuba Amos ◽  
Solomon Oluwasunmibare Oni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Oral Application ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Abstract The effects of oral administration of aqueous extract of Pleuroteus tuber-regium sclerotium (PTRSE) in drinking water on growth, serum analytes and histomorphology parameters were examined using 72 cross bred growing rabbits. Eighteen rabbits each were allotted to 4 treatments with; 0, 500, 750 and 1250 mg PTRSE per liter (mg/l) in drinking water per day. The experiment lasted for 60 days. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed an improvement in the live weight (P < 0.01), weight gain (Linear (L), Quadratic (Q): P < 0.01), feed conversion ratio (L, Q:P < 0.01), water intake (L, Q:P < 0.01) and extract intake (L, Q:P < 0.01) following increasing levels of PTRSE in drinking water. Oral application of 750 mg/l PTRSE in drinking water resulted in reduced (P < 0.01) serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase and increased cecal villi height (L, Q:P < 0.05) and apical width (Q:P < 0.05). Pathological indicators suggested damages to hepatic tissues in rabbits on 1250 mg/l PTRSE. In conclusion, the oral application of 750 mg/l PTRSE in drinking water can improve the growth, cholesterol profile and absorptive capacity in growing rabbits without imposing any detrimental effect.

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