Cholesterol-lowering effects of Bacillus coagulans B37 and Bacillus pumilus B9 strains in a rat animal model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lopamudra Haldar ◽  
D. N. Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adaptation Period

An experiment was conducted for the 56 d period in thirty six adult male albino Wister rats divided equally into four groups. After 7 d adaptation period, all the groups were fed with cholesterol enriched diet for 14 d. Thereafter, one group (T1) was fed on sterile skim milk along with cholesterolemic diet for the next 21 d. The two experimental groups (T2 and T3) received cholesterolemic diet plus spore biomass of B. coagulans B37 and B. pumilus B9, respectively, suspended in sterilized skim milk @ 8-9 log cfu/ ml for the next 21 d. The control group was supplied with clean water along with cholesterolemic diet for 21 d. All the animals were fed on the basal diet along with water during a 14 d post-treatment period. After the adaptation period, the blood samples were collected weekly from the experimental rats up to 42 d, and plasma separated, and subjected to the determination of different plasma lipid fractions. The oral administration of both B. coagulans B37 and B. pumilus B9 resulted a decrease (P Less Than 0.05) in plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic index in the experimental rats.

scholarly journals Effects of different emulsifiers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weanling pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4235-4241
Author(s):  
Guangdong Bai ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Huiyang Fu ◽  
Shengnan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets supplemented with sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL), polyglycerol fatty acid ester (PGFE), and combined emulsifiers (0.02% SSL and 0.08% PGFE) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and plasma lipid profiles in weaned piglets and to further evaluate the possible effects of feeding exogenous emulsifiers on digestive enzyme activities and liver bile acid (BA) metabolism. Twenty-eight barrows (age at 35 d, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial BW of 10.13 ± 0.16 kg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatment groups (7 pigs/treatment). Dietary treatment groups included the following: 1) basal diet (Control, CTR); 2) basal diet with 0.1% SSL (SSL); 3) basal diet with 0.1% PGFE (PGFE); and 4) basal diet with 0.08% PGFE+0.02% SSL (PG-SL). SSL diet increased ADG and ADFI of piglets during day 0 to 17 (P < 0.05) compared with the CTR treatment. Piglets fed emulsifier diets experienced a significant improvement in the digestibility of nutrients (DM, CP, ether extract, energy, calcium, and phosphorus) during the first 17 d (P < 0.05). The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was lower in the PGFE and PG-SL treatment groups than in the CTR treatment group (P < 0.05). Feeding emulsifier diets increased the lipase activity of the pancreas when compared with the CTR diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, the emulsifier diets significantly increased the mRNA expression of FXR (P < 0.05) and decreased the mRNA expression of CYP27A1 (P < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, the addition of emulsifiers improved nutrient digestibility and increased the mRNA expression of FXR BA receptors while inhibiting the mRNA expression of BA biosynthesis by CYP27A1 in weanling piglets.

Absence of focal glomerulosclerosis in aging analbuminemic rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. R947-R954 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Fujihara ◽  
D. M. Limongi ◽  
H. C. De Oliveira ◽  
R. Zatz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Glomerular Hypertension

The Nagase analbuminemic rat (NAR), a mutant of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain, exhibits high levels of plasma cholesterol (Chol), thrombocytosis, and enhanced platelet aggregability, which might promote glomerulosclerosis (GS). To determine whether NAR are more susceptible than SD rats to aging GS, young (3-mo-old) and aging (18-mo-old) SD rats and NAR were studied. In young NAR, glomerular pressure and glomerular volume were lower, whereas total and high-density lipoprotein plasma Chol levels were higher than in young SD rats. Aging SD rats developed glomerular hypertension and hypertrophy. Less glomerular enlargement and subnormal glomerular pressures were seen in aging NAR. Enhanced platelet aggregation developed in aging SD rats, approaching the values seen in NAR. Similarly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein Chol were seen in additional SD rats and NAR studied at 12 mo of age. Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were lower in NAR at this age. Only SD rats developed proteinuria and exhibited GS and glomerular lipid deposits at 18 mo of age. Reduced glomerular wall stress due to lower glomerular pressure and volume as well as lower TG levels may explain the absence of GS in aging NAR despite plasma lipid and platelet abnormalities.

scholarly journals Plasma lipid profile of mice fed diet supplemented with broiler fat

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Das ◽  
ME Hossain ◽  
MA Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile

This study was conducted with 180 female Swiss albino mice to examine the effects of supplementing broiler fat in the diets of mice on blood lipid profile. Twenty one days old mice were collected from ICDDRB, Mohakhali, Dhaka. They were randomly distributed in four groups having three replications each. Each replicate group had 15 mice. Results revealed that supplementation of broiler fat in mice diet significantly changed (p<0.05) triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) among groups. The control group (T0) had the highest level of cholesterol and LDL. Cholesterol, TG and LDL markedly increased (p<0.05) in all dietary treatment groups, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly (p<0.01) decreased after supplementation of experimental diets. It was concluded that all the dietary treatments in general increased blood cholesterol, TG and LDL in mice fed broiler fat with different oil supplements. However, the soybean and palm oil group was comparatively better than other groups in respect of cholesterol, HDL and LDL at the blood lipid profile of mice. Therefore, it can be concluded that consumption of broiler fat with soybean and palm oil could be less harmful for mice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19380 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 21-24

scholarly journals (Pro)renin Receptor Inhibition Reduces Plasma Cholesterol and Triglycerides but Does Not Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Atherosclerotic Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dien Ye ◽  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Liwei Ren ◽  
Hong S. Lu ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Receptor Inhibition ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Objective: Elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations contributes to ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Recently, we showed that inhibiting hepatic (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] attenuated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficient mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibiting hepatic (P)RR could attenuate atherosclerosis.Approach and Results: Eight-week-old male LDLR−/− mice were injected with either saline or N-acetylgalactosamine-modified antisense oligonucleotides (G-ASOs) primarily targeting hepatic (P)RR and were fed a western-type diet (WTD) for 16 weeks. (P)RR G-ASOs markedly reduced plasma cholesterol concentrations from 2,211 ± 146 to 1,128 ± 121 mg/dL. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) analyses revealed that cholesterol in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)/LDL fraction were potently reduced by (P)RR G-ASOs. Moreover, (P)RR G-ASOs reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations by more than 80%. Strikingly, despite marked reduction in plasma lipid concentrations, atherosclerosis was not reduced but rather increased in these mice. Further testing in ApoE−/− mice confirmed that (P)RR G-ASOs reduced plasma lipid concentrations but not atherosclerosis. Transcriptomic analysis of the aortas revealed that (P)RR G-ASOs induced the expression of the genes involved in immune responses and inflammation. Further investigation revealed that (P)RR G-ASOs also inhibited (P)RR in macrophages and in enhanced inflammatory responses to exogenous stimuli. Moreover, deleting the (P)RR in macrophages resulted in accelerated atherosclerosis in WTD fed ApoE−/− mice.Conclusion: (P)RR G-ASOs reduced the plasma lipids in atherosclerotic mice due to hepatic (P)RR deficiency. However, augmented pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages due to (P)RR downregulation counteracted the beneficial effects of lowered plasma lipid concentrations on atherosclerosis. Our study demonstrated that hepatic (P)RR and macrophage (P)RR played a counteracting role in atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Performance characteristics, plasma lipids and copper residue in organs and tissues of cockerel chickens fed dietary organic and inorganic copper

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
A. V. Jegede ◽  
O. O. Oduguwa ◽  
A. O. Fafiolu ◽  
O. O. Ibitoye ◽  
I. A. Ogunsola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 112-day study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary organic (Copper proteinate) and inorganic (Copper sulphate) Cu source on growth performance, plasma lipids and copper residue in organs and tissues of cockerel chickens. 240 day-old commercial Black-Harco cockerel chicks were randomly distributed to 6 dietary treatments of 40 birds each. Each treatment group was randomly allocated to 4 replicates of 10 birds each. The diets were formulated to contain a basal diet (containing 30.62 and 29.71 mg/kg Cu for starter and finisher phases respectively) supplemented with organic Cu (Cu proteinate; Cu-P) or inorganic Cu (Cu sulphate; CuSO ) fed at 3 dietary levels (50, 100 and 4 150 mg/kg). The birds were fed chicks mash and grower mash at 1-56 days and 57-112 days respectively in a deep litter pen at floor space of 0.06 m2/bird. Cu-P supplementation resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) final live weight (FLW) and total weight gain (TWG) compared to CuSO at starter phase. Better feed conversion ratio was noticed in birds fed 4 Cu-P supplemented diets compared to CuSO at 150mg/kg Cu concentration at both starter 4 and finisher phases. Birds fed 150 mg/kg Cu recorded the highest (P<0.05) feed intake value at starter phase. There was significantly higher (P<0.05) accumulation of Cu in the blood, heart, lung, liver and thigh of birds fed Cu-P than those fed CuSO . The liver Cu 4 concentration increased as dietary Cu concentration increased. Cu-P supplementation resulted in significant reduction (P<0.05) in plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride in comparison to CuSO . The blood 4 cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride decreased with increased copper concentration. Organic form of copper promotes growth, more bioavailable and more effective in reducing cholesterol than copper sulphate.

Experimental Observation on Antiatheroscloresis Ability of Total Flavonoids from Jumi in Hyperlipidemia Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Guang Tao Xu ◽  
Xiao Wei Wu ◽  
Xin Mei Zhou ◽  
Shi Piao Chen ◽  
Shen Rong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Control Groups

In this study, we observed antiatheroscloresis ability of food-roune hyperlipidemia by total falconoid from Jumi in rats. We used hyperlipidemia model of rats established, intervened by total falconoid from Jumi. Rats were divided into normal control group, hyperlipidemia control group, higher dose group and lower dose group to observe the level of total cholesterol (TC), trilaurate glycerin (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic index (AI), and take rat liver for regular pathological dyeing observation. The results shown that the total falconoid from Jumi could reduce the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and AI significantly, and increase HDL/TC in compared with hyperlipidemia control groups. It had significantly curative to effect hepatic adipose infiltration in rats, especially in low doses of flavonoid. Total flavonoids from Jumi can regulate disturbance of lipid metabolism, hepatic adipose infiltration and arteriosclerosis.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease in Women with Chronic Renal Failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Nwamaka Chiji Okenzere ◽  
Chukwubike Udoka Okeke
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Female Patients

Objective: Patients with chronic renal failure have high burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to investigate the development of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure among female patients on dialysis treatment in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 adult female subjects participated in this study. 20 of them were apparently healthy and served as control group while the rest 20 were female patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on dialysis treatment. Fasting blood samples were collected and their lipid profile, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein –Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein –Cholesterol (LDL-C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein –Cholesterol (VLDL-C) were estimated using enzymatic methods. The percentages of these parameters in circulation were obtained. The cardiovascular risk ratios (TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C) were calculated. Result: The lipid profile of the chronic renal failure patients (TC 5.70±0.80mmol/l, TG 1.46±0.40mmol/l, LDL-C 3.50±0.2mmol/l, and VLDL-C 0.67±0.2mmol/l) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of control group (TC 4.03±0.13mmol/l, TG 1.10± 0.3mmol/l , LDL-C 1.85±0.5mmol/l, and VLDL-C 0.50± 0.01mmol/l) except HDL-C. HDL-C of the CRF patients (1.40±0.2mmol/l) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of healthy women (HDL-C 1.70± 0.04mmol/l). These depict no difference in the percentage of VLDL-C & TG in circulation between the control (VLDL –C 5% and TG 45%) and chronic renal failure patients (VLDL –C 5% and TG 44%). In CRF group, it was observed that 28% of the total plasma lipid (12.73mmol/l) was LDL-C but in healthy women, percentage of LDL-C in circulation (out of 9.18mmol/l) was 20%. It was also observed that 11% of the total plasma lipid (12.73mmol/l) in CRF patients was HDL-C but in healthy subjects, the percentage of HDL-C in circulation (out of 9.18mmol/l) was 19%. The cardiovascular risk indices (TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C) of the CRF patients (TC/HDL-C 3.91±0.24 and LDL-C/HDL-C 2.50±0.01) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the healthy subjects (TC/HDL-C 2.40±0.09, LDL-C/HDL-C 1.10±0.08). Conclusion: These results indicate that chronic renal failure is a risk factor to development of cardiovascular disease in female patients on dialysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v16i1.22382 J MEDICINE 2015; 16 : 14-17

Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Patients with Malabsorption

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert R. Thompson ◽  
J. Paul Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

1. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins have been studied in control subjects and patients with various types of steatorrhoea. 2. Low plasma cholesterol levels were found in malabsorbers and were associated with decreased amounts of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in males and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in females. 3. Serum triglyceride levels were normal in males, but exceeded control values in some of the females, due to an increase in very-low-density lipoprotein. 4. LDL composition was abnormal in both male and female malabsorbers, with a decreased proportion of cholesterol ester and an increased proportion of triglyceride. There was also an increased proportion of triglyceride in HDL. 5. These findings show that malabsorption markedly influences not only the concentration but also the composition of plasma lipoproteins.

Lipoprotein Profiles in a Family with Two Mutants of Apolipoprotein E: Possible Association with Hypertriglyceridaemia but Not with Dysbetalipoproteinaemia

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui-Ping Zhao ◽  
Arn M. J. M. Van den Maagdenberg ◽  
Ton F. F. P. Vroom ◽  
Ferdinand M. Van't Hooft ◽  
Jan A. Gevers Leuven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Profiles

1. The plasma lipoprotein profiles of eight members of a Dutch pedigree spanning three generations where two rare apolipoprotein E mutants, APOE*3(Cys-112→Arg; Arg-251→Gly) and APOE*2(Val-236 →Glu), segregate were analysed to determine whether the APOE mutants were associated with dyslipidaemia. 2. The proband, a 51-year-old Caucasian male, was a carrier of APOE*3(Cys-112→Arg; Arg-251→Gly) and his spouse was a carrier of APOE*2(Val-236→Glu). Four other family members were carriers of one or both of the mutant APOE genes. 3. The plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were markedly elevated in the proband and were classified as type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. The plasma triacylglycerol concentration was moderately increased in a sister, who was a carrier of APOE*3(Cys-112→Arg; Arg-251→Gly), and in the son, who was a compound heterozygote for both mutant APOE alleles. Normal plasma lipid levels were observed in all other family members. In the plasma samples of the proband and his family members β-very-low-density lipoprotein was not detectable and the molar ratio of very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to very-low-density lipoprotein-triacylglycerol was less than 0.9. The concentration of intermediate-density lipoprotein was within normal limits. 4. None of the family members carrying APOE*3-(Cys-112→Arg; Arg-251→Gly) and/or APOE*2(Val-236→Glu) exhibited lipoprotein abnormalities characteristic of familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia, although three family members carrying APOE*3-(Cys-112→Arg; Arg-251→Gly) showed hypertriglyceridaemia.

scholarly journals Maternal Supplementation with Cow’s Milk Naturally Enriched with PUFA Alters the Metabolism of Sows and the Fatty Acid Profile of the Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Leriana Garcia Reis ◽  
Thiago Henrique da Silva ◽  
Gisele Mouro Ravagnani ◽  
Cristian Hernando Garcia Martinez ◽  
Márcia Saladini Vieira Salles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Enriched Milk

The study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of gilts with cow’s milk naturally enriched with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on reproductive outcomes, and the serum biochemical and FA profile of swine females and their offspring. During 316 days, 30 gilts were distributed into three groups: (1) Control, fed a basal diet + milk from cows without oil; (2) n-3, fed a basal diet + milk from cows fed a diet enriched with linseed oil; (3) n-6, fed a basal diet + milk from cows fed a diet enriched with soybean oil. The gilts receiving the diets containing PUFA had higher serum urea and very-low-density lipoprotein levels and lower serum total protein and low-density lipoprotein levels compared to the Control group. Females supplemented with n-3 presented higher serum palmitic acid and γ-linolenic acid levels than those fed n-6. Piglets from the Control group were heavier at birth than those from females supplemented with enriched milk. The piglets from females receiving enriched milk had 140 g higher body weight from 1 to 21 days old compared to the Control group, and greater average daily weight gain from 7 to 14 days old. The serum eicosapentaenoic acid level of piglets fed n-3 was 69% higher than those fed n-6, which reduced the AA/EPA ratio. Gilts supplemented with PUFA-enriched cow’s milk showed changes in their serum palmitic and γ-linolenic acid levels, in addition to improved performance, EPA concentration and consequently reduced AA/EPA ratio in their piglets, demonstrating beneficial results for their progeny.

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