scholarly journals Preference traits for Bunaji cattle of nomads along Benue trough in Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
D. M. Ogah ◽  
M. M. Ari ◽  
I. S. Daikwo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Central ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Trait Preference ◽  
Improvement Interventions ◽  
Breed Improvement ◽  
Fulani Pastoralist

A cross sectional study was conducted along Benue trough cutting across two states of Benue and Nasarawa in north-central Nigeria, among Fulani pastoralist, agro-pastoralist and transhumant nomads to determine preference traits in their breeding cows and bulls. One hundred and sixty five Bunaji cattle herd farmers were considered in the study which was carried out in two seasons (dry and rainy seasons). The respondents were pastoralist (26.1%), agro-pastoralist (37.4%) and transhumant nomads (36.5%). Seven specific traits were used for ranking breeding cows and five for breeding bulls. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine mean ranks of traits. Preferential traits for breeding bulls were in the order; body conformation 1.46, temperament 2.01, disease resistant 2.46, walkability 2.89 and horn 3.84. While for breeding cows were milk yield 1.62, reproductive efficiency 1.92, body size 2.23, temperament 3.48, fat/butter content 4.28, disease resistant 4.71 and mothering ability 5.63. There were no significant variations on traits preference for breeding cow between the agro pastoralist/transhumant and pastoralist nomads except for fat/butter content which had more value to the pastoralist nomad. Similarly for the breeding bulls which had disease resistance having higher values to the pastoralist nomads. It was concluded that trait preference in breeding bulls and cows was not influenced (p>0.05) by production system. The information generated from this study can help assure that Bunaji breed improvement interventions are consistent with the needs of the intended beneficiaries. 

scholarly journals Relationships between cardiovascular signs and neurological signs in asphyxiated neonates in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 743-752
Author(s):  
Amudalat Issa ◽  
Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir ◽  
Omotayo Olukemi Adesiyun ◽  
Bilkis Owolabi ◽  
Habibat Suberu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Central ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Volume Pulse ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a condition associated with multiple organ dysfunctions inclusive of cardiovascular dys- function. Neurologic predictors of survival have been studied, but little has been reported regarding cardiovascular signs and their role in determining outcome in asphyxia. Objective: The study aimed to determine the relationship between cardiovascular signs and outcomes in asphyxiated new- borns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving asphyxiated new-born babies recruited within the first 24 hours of life. Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy staging was done using Sarnat and Sarnat staging. All patients had a detailed cardi- ovascular examination on admission, after initial resuscitation (30 – 60 minutes) into admission, and were followed till final outcome: discharge or death. Results: Eighty-five asphyxiated new-borns with HIE were studied over seven months. Abnormal cardiovascular-related signs identified in the patients included respiratory distress (64.7%), small volume pulse (57.6%), hypotension (52.9%), hy- poxemia (48.2%) and shock (32.9%). Five babies died. None of the clinical signs had a significant relationship with mortality. Conclusion: Abnormal cardiovascular signs increased with the progression of HIE staging but had no relationship with mortality. Keywords: Cardiovascular signs; Neurological outcomes; Mortality; Perinatal asphyxia.

scholarly journals Diarrheal Diseases in Under-Five Children and Associated Factors among Farta District Rural Community, Amhara Regional State, North Central Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yilkal Tafere ◽  
Bedilu Abebe Abate ◽  
Habtamu Demelash Enyew ◽  
Amsalu Belete Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children

Background. Diarrheal diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. One of the national initiatives to reduce its burden is an implementation of an open-defecation-free program. However, information related to the comparison of diarrheal diseases among residents in open-defecation-free and non-open-defecation-free. Hence, this study assessed the magnitude of diarrheal diseases among residents in open-defecation-free and non-open-defecation-free areas of Farta District, North Central Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 758 households (378 in open-defecation-free and 380 in non-open-defecation-free kebeles) who have under-five children using a structured questionnaire. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with diarrheal diseases in the district. Results. Overall, 29.9% of children had diarrheal diseases in the last two weeks prior to the study. The magnitude of diarrheal diseases among under-five children living in open-defecation-free and non-open-defecation-free residents was 19.3% and 40.5%, respectively. Lack of functional handwashing facilities (AOR: 11, 95% CI (8.1–29.6)), improper excreta disposal (AOR: 3.84, 95% CI (2.15–5.65)), and residing in non-open-defecation-free areas (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI (1.72–3.23)) were factors associated with diarrheal diseases. Conclusions. The prevalence of diarrhea among children residing in open-defecation-free areas was lower than that among children those who resided in non-open-defecation-free areas. Lack of functional handwashing facilities, residing in non-open-defecation-free areas, and improper excreta disposal were significantly associated with diarrheal diseases in the district. Strengthening health promotion on non-open defecation, maintaining functional handwashing facilities, and preparing additional handwashing facilities are necessary. Continuous engagement of the community health extension workers is recommended, sustaining the implementation of open-defecation-free programs in the district.

scholarly journals Detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in trade donkeys (Equus asinus) at Ganawuri district market, Riyom Local Government area, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Shalangwa Ishaku Bata ◽  
Shalom Kumra Byencit
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Central ◽  
Plateau State

Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite of public health significance due to its possible transmission to humans through ingestion of tissue cysts in raw or undercooked meat or food or water contaminated with oocysts shed by felids and transplacental transmission. This study was carried out to provide information on the possible risk of transmission through eating undercooked donkey meat by conducting a market based cross-sectional study design to determine the presence of T. gondii antibodies in trade donkeys in Ganawuri district, Riyom Local Government Area, Plateau State, North Central, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirteen serum samples were collected from trade donkeys at the market and analyzed for T. gondii antibodies using latex agglutination test (LAT). Serum samples with LAT titer >10 μl/ml were considered positive. Results: The distribution of the donkeys based on their sources showed that greater proportions (61.1%) were from North Eastern part of the country. The study showed that 31 of the serum samples collected and analyzed were positive for T. gondii antibodies given an overall prevalence of 27.4%. The prevalence ranges between 22.2 and 33.3% across the states where the donkeys were sourced. The study showed that seropositivity increases with age (p=0.003; OR=11.8) and ranges between 12.5 and 47.2%. The prevalence did not vary significantly based on sex and source/location (p=0.494, OR=0.05; 0.920, 1.45, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that trade donkeys at Ganawuri district market have antibodies to T. gondii and suggest a public health risk from the consumption of undercooked donkey meat.

scholarly journals Assessing the irradiance levels of phototherapy devices in Jos, north central, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Akinyemi O. D. Ofakunrin ◽  
Udochukwu M. Diala ◽  
Bose O. Toma ◽  
David D. Shwe ◽  
Sanusi Gidado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
North Central ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Routine Assessment

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria with significant contribution to the global figures. Effective phototherapy can reduce the complications associated with NNJ. The effectiveness of a phototherapy device (PD) depends mainly on the emitted irradiance of the device. We, therefore, assessed the irradiance of the PDs in Jos, North Central Nigeria in order to determine the effectiveness of the devices and to highlight the need for routine assessment of irradiance levels of PDs in low-middle income settings.Methods: This was a cross- sectional study involving 14 hospitals with a total of 38 functional PDs comprising of 25 (65.8%) locally fabricated, eight (21.0%) light- emitting diode (LED) and five (13.2%) conventional patented devices. The irradiance was measured using the BiliBlanket® light meter II.Results: The irradiance of the PDs ranged from 2 to 102μW/cm2/nm with a median value of 10.6 (IQR 6-18μW/cm2/nm).   Sixteen devices (42.1%) had a suboptimal irradiance (<10μW/cm2/nm); while only five (13.2%) provided irradiance at the intensive level (≥30μW/cm2/nm). The mean distance between the babies and phototherapy lights was 35.1±12.7cm (range 15-70cm).Conclusions: A significant proportion of the PDs in Jos delivered suboptimal irradiance which could reduce the effectiveness of the phototherapy. The irradiance of PDs needs to be assessed regularly and measures should be instituted to improve the irradiance to the optimum level in order to reduce the burden of kernicterus.

scholarly journals Validity and accuracy of maternal tactile assessment for fever in under-five children in North Central Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir ◽  
Wahab Babatunde Rotimi Johnson ◽  
Rasheedah Mobolaji Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Febrile Child ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
North Central ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

ObjectivesThis study seeks to determine not only the reliability of parental touch in detecting fever as compared to rectal thermometry in under-five children, but also the sociodemographic factors that may predict its reliability.SettingThe study was carried out in the Emergency Paediatric Unit of a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria.Participants409 children aged less than 5 years with a history of fever in the 48 h prior to presentation and their mothers were recruited consecutively. All the children recruited completed the study. Children with clinical parameters suggestive of shock, and those who were too ill, were excluded from the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of mothers who could accurately predict if their child was febrile or not (defined by rectal temperature) using tactile assessment only. Secondary outcomes were the validity and accuracy of touch in detecting fever and factors related to its accuracy.ResultsAbout 85% of the children were febrile using rectal thermometry. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values for touch as a screening tool were 63%, 54%, 88.3% and 21%, respectively. High maternal socioeconomic status and low maternal age influenced positively the accuracy of touch in correctly determining the presence or absence of fever.ConclusionsThis study has shown that tactile assessment of temperature is not reliable and that absence of fever in a previously febrile child should be confirmed by objective methods of temperature measurement.

scholarly journals Correlates and determinants of Early Infant Diagnosis outcomes in North-Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Dakum ◽  
Monday Tola ◽  
Nta Iboro ◽  
Chukwuemeka A. Okolo ◽  
Olachi Anuforom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Infant Diagnosis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
North Central ◽  
Early Infant

Abstract Background A negative status following confirmatory Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) is the desired pediatric outcome of prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs. EID impacts epidemic control by confirming non-infected HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) and prompting timely initiation of ART in HIV-infected babies which improves treatment outcomes. Objectives We explored factors associated with EID outcomes among HEI in North-Central Nigeria. Method This is a cross-sectional study using EID data of PMTCT-enrollees matched with results of HEI’s dried blood samples (DBS), processed for DNA-PCR from January 2015 through July 2017. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 20.0 to generate frequencies and examine associations, including binomial logistic regression with p < 0.05 being statistically significant. Results Of 14,448 HEI in this analysis, 51.8% were female and 95% (n = 12,801) were breastfed. The median age of the infants at sample collection was 8 weeks (IQR 6–20), compared to HEI tested after 20 weeks of age, those tested earlier had significantly greater odds of a negative HIV result (≤ 6 weeks: OR = 3.8; 6–8 weeks: OR = 2.1; 8–20 weeks: OR = 1.5) with evidence of a significant linear trend (p < 0.001). Similarly, HEI whose mothers received combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) before (OR = 11.8) or during the index pregnancy (OR = 8.4) had significantly higher odds as compared to those whose mothers did not receive cART. In addition, HEI not breastfed had greater odds of negative HIV result as compared to those breastfed (OR = 1.9). Conclusions cART prior to and during pregnancy, earlier age of HEI at EID testing and alternative feeding other than breastfeeding were associated with an increased likelihood of being HIV-negative on EID. Therefore, strategies to scale-up PMTCT services are needed to mitigate the burden of HIV among children.

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