The Effect of Poultry Manure on Proximate Composition and in vitro Gas Production of Panicum maximum cv T 58 in the Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1265
Author(s):  
F.G. Sodeinde ◽  
J.A. Akinlade ◽  
O.A. Aderinola ◽  
S.R. Amao ◽  
J.A. Alalade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Savanna Zone

In Vitro gas production assessement of Panicum maximum incubated with Leucaena leucocephala at varying proportions to predict the nutritional value for ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
O. O. Falola ◽  
O. O. Olufayo
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Tropics

The inclusion of multipurpose trees with grass such as Panicum maximum in the diet of ruminants may enhance productivity. Thus, the study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, in vitro gas production characteristics and parameters of Leucaena leucocephala and Panicum maximum at varying proportions. Five diets were formulated such that Panicum maximum was substituted with Leucaena leucocephala at different ratio: T1 (100% Panicum maximum), T2 (100% Leuceana leucocephala), T3 (50% P. maximum + 50% L. leucocephala), T4 (75% P. maximum + 25% L .leucocephala) and T5 (25% P. maximum + 75% L. leucocephala). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Values obtained for dry matter (34.43 –35.95g/100g) decreased with the increased inclusion of Leuceana leucocephala in the diets. The crude fiber values (14.33 – 30.75g/100g) also followed the same trend while crude protein (CP) content (10.70 – 26.78g/100g) increased the inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala in the diets. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the treatment means of organic matter digestibility (OMD 31.93 – 37.07%), Metabolisable energy (ME 3.62 – 4.33 MJ/kgDM), short chain fatty acids (SCFA 0.04 – 0.16mL) and methane (ME 1.00 – 2.50 mL).The values (2.00 – 4.67 ml/200mgDM) obtained for immediate soluble 'a' was significantly (P < 0.05) different among the treatments. The extent of gas production (a+b) ranged from 2.00 – 4.67 mL/200mgDM, T1 (100% Panicum maximum) recorded the lowest while highest was observed in T2 (100% Leucaena leucocephala). The insoluble but degradable fraction 'b'ranged from 2.67 – 5.67ml/200mgDM, while the rate of gas production 'c' ranged from 0.04 – 0.14ml/hr. In conclusion, the enhanced values of crude protein, OMD, SCFA, and ME in the Panicum maximum and Leucaena leucocephala mixture indicate that the diets is able to meet the nutrients requirements of small ruminants in the tropics especially during the dry season.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of the nutrient content of Panicum maximum-Moringa oleifera diets.

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
A. N. Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Gross Energy

The ruminants in the tropics are slow growing, arising from low quality feed. The use of indigenous legume trees and Guinea grass is a good strategy for an improved livestock performance. The study determined the chemical composition, anti-nutritional factors and in vitro gas production characteristics of Panicum maximum-Moringa oleifera mixed diets. Five diets were formulated such that Panicum maximum was substituted with Moringa oleifera at ratio 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in diets A, B, C, D and E respectively and they were incubated for 48 hr using in vitro gas production technique. The proximate composition, fibre franction, anti-nutrient, mineral contents and in vitro characteristics of the P.maximun M.oleifera mixed diets were determined and all data collected were subjected to one way analysis of variance and where there were significant (P<0.05) differences, means were compared using Duncan multiple range F-test. The results revealed that the observed values were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the inclusion of Moringa oleifera in the diets with the exception of dry matter and gross energy. Dry matter values (87.00-89.72g/100g) decreased with the increased inclusion of Moringa oleifera in the diets, while protein content (9.26-26.68g/100g) increased with the increased inclusion of Moringa oleifera in the diets. It implied that the diets could be good sources of protein and energy that would meet the requirement of small ruminants for growth and production. Neutral detergent fibre and Acid detergent lignin values decreased with the increased inclusion of Moringa oleifera in the diets. However, the values of acid detergent fibre, hemicelluloses and cellulose ranged from 20.13 to 43.44g/100g, 6.88 to 14.45g/100g and 14.65 - 31.48g/100g respectively. Anti nutrient values were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the treatment. Tannin concentrations in these diets were below the 6.00g/100g toxic level for small ruminants. The concentrations (g/100g) of Ca (0.12.-2.74), P (0.05 – 0.12), K (0.17 -2.78). Na (0.07 - 0.27), Fe (0.07 -0.17) and Zn (0.04 -0.16 ) varied significantly (p<0.05), the observed values were higher in diet E that contained 100% Moringa oleifera leaves than other diets. The high contents of these minerals in Moringa oleifera indicated that the requirements of sheep and goats for these minerals could be met if the plant is fed with grass ad libitum. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among the treatment means of metabolizable energy (ME 3.44-5,58 MJ/kg DM), organic matter digestibility (OMD 30.96-43.65 g/100g), short chain fatty acids (SCFA 0.05 -0.26 µmol) and methane (2.00 - 6.00 ml). Total gas and methane production increased with incubation period and the highest values of OMD was observed in the 48th hour of incubation. It can be concluded that with the enhanced values of crude protein, gross energy, metabolizable energy, short chain fatty acids and low methane production, the Panicum maximum-Moringa oleifera diets have potential that would meet the nutrient requirements of small ruminants in the tropical regions particularly during the dry season.

scholarly journals Impact of fertilizer types on the nutritive quality of two tropical grass species harvested at different stages of growth during wet season

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-322
Author(s):  
I. A. Ewetola ◽  
A. A. Amisu ◽  
S. O. Jimoh ◽  
T. O. Muraina ◽  
J. A. Olanite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nutritive Quality

The use of inorganic fertilizers has been reported to have improved pasture productivity, however it has also attributed to soil toxicity, environmental pollution, mineral imbalance, and health hazards among many adverse effects. This made the adoption of organic fertilizers became best alternative to correct nutrients deficiencies in the soil due to their environmental friendly nature and less cost effectiveness. To investigate the comparative advantages of these two types of fertilizer, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of fertilizer types on the nutritive quality of Panicum maximum var. Ntchisi and Andropogon tectorum harvested at 6 and 8 weeks during the wet season. The study was a factorial experiment (4 x 2 x 2), arranged in a split-split-plot design with three replicates. There were 16 treatments to include; fertilizer types (NPK, Aleshinloye organo-mineral fertilizer, poultry manure and control (no fertilizer)), grass species (Panicum maximum var. Ntchisi and Andropogon tectorum) and age at harvest (6 and 8 weeks). Fertilizer treatments were allotted to the main plots while grass species were allotted to sub-plots and again harvest age was allotted to sub-subplots. Sub-samples taken from harvested forage materials were oven dried, properly milled and analysed in the laboratory to determine proximate composition [crude protein (CP%), ash, ether extract (EE%)], fibre fractions [acid detergent fibre (ADF%), neutral detergent fibre (NDF%), acid detergent lignin (ADL%), Cellulose, and Hemicelluloses) and in vitro gas production. Fertilizer types significantly (P<0.0.5) affected ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and methane (CH4). The grasses fertilized with NPK had the highest value (9.00mL) for CH4. Poultry manure (PM) fertilized grasses recorded the highest value for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (89.38%). Andropogon tectorum fertilized with PM harvested at 6 weeks recorded the highest value for IVDMD (93.00%) and the same grass fertilized with NPK, harvested at 6 weeks recorded the highest values (0.37 mL and 4.70%) for short chain fatty acid and metabolizable energy, respectively. Therefore, this study established that fertilizer applications had an influence on fibre fraction, methane and post-incubation parameters of the grasses investigated.

scholarly journals Potentials of Ensiled Panicum Maximum with Different Crop Residues as Ruminant Feed During Dry Season

2019 ◽  
pp. 423-437
Author(s):  
Binuomote R. T. ◽  
Adeyi T. K. ◽  
Ojoawo O. T.
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Guinea Grass

The experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of ensiled guinea grass with different additives using in-vitro gas production method. The silage were in 5 treatments T1: 90% of guinea grass + 10% yellow maize residue, T2: 90% of guinea grass + 10% white maize residue, T3: 90% of guinea grass + 10% guinea corn residue, T4: 90% of guinea grass + 10% soy bean residue, T5: 100% of guinea grass.. The silage quality, physical properties, chemical composition, the in vitro gas production after 24hours of incubation were investigated. Methane (CH4) gas produced was measured. Metabolizable energy (ME), Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were estimated from the in vitro gas production parameters. The colour of the silage varied among the silage treatments and were closer to the colours of the fresh forage. All the silage had pleasant smell and the temperature had no significant difference among the silage treatments. The pH ranged from 4.23 � 5.60 which has significant difference among the silage treatments. The chemical composition of the silage were as follows: Dry matter (DM) 23.73 to 29.50%, Crude protein (CP), 6.93 to 11.05%; Crude fibre (CF), 27.84 to 31.20%; and ash, 15.01 to 17.50%. Hemicellulose ranges from 23.29 to 26.05%, Cellulose ranges from 21.07 to 30.50%. The mineral composition value of the ensiled ranges are as follow: CA, 0.19 to 0.23%; P, 0.17 to 0.19%; NA, 0.08 to 0.11%; k, 0.34 to 0.45%; MG, 0,10 to 0.13%. Potential gas production varied from 13.00 ml/200mg DM to 18.67 ml/200mg DM. The high (P<0.05) potential gas value of 18.67 ml/200mg DM was obtained for silage T4. The highest value of ME (5.41MJ/kg DM); OMD (46.10%) and SCFA (0.51-mol) were obtained in silage T3 which contain 90% guinea grass with 10%guineacorn residue. Result indicates that silage from 90% guinea grass with 10% white maize residue have the best nutritive value.

OLIVE CAKE SILAGE AS ALTERNATIVE ROUGHAGE FOR RUMINANT: EFFECT ON RUMEN DEGRADABILITY AND IN-VITRO GAS PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Fatma Hadhoud ◽  
M. Shaaban ◽  
A. Abd El Tawab ◽  
M. Khattab ◽  
H. Ebeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

scholarly journals Associative Effects between Forages and Concentrates on In Vitro Fermentation of Working Equine Diets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Mónica Gandarillas ◽  
Juan Pablo Keim ◽  
Elisa María Gapp
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Background: Horses are hindgut fermenters, and it is therefore important to determine the postgastric nutritive value of their feedstuffs and diets. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in other animal species that the fermentation of diets results in different values than those expected from pure ingredients. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the gas production (GP) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, as well as the associative effects, of mixtures of different forages and concentrated foods, which are representative of the traditional diets of high-performance horses. Methods: An in vitro gas production experiment was conducted to assess the fermentation of two forages and three concentrates that are typical in horse diets. The combination of 70% of forage and 30% concentrates was also assessed to determine potential associative effects. Results: Concentrates and grains produced higher GP and VFA than forages when evaluated alone. When experimental diets were incubated, GP parameters and VFA concentrations of forage–concentrate mixtures had unexpected differences from the values expected from the fermentation of pure ingredients, suggesting the occurrence of associative effects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a need to evaluate the fermentation of diets, rather than predicting from the values of pure ingredients.

scholarly journals Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957
Author(s):  
Margarita Novoa-Garrido ◽  
Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽  
María Dolores Carro Travieso ◽  
Eduarda Molina Alcaide ◽  
Mogens Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Porphyra Umbilicalis ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kinetics Of

The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.

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