scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN ON THE GROWTH OF WEANED CALVES ON PASTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
J. E. Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

IN the experiment reported, the effect of feeding different levels of protein, on the performance of young growing calves on pasture, was investigated. Thirty-six calves, mainly Friesian x Bunaji Zebu crosses, of age 3 - 4 months were divided into 3 groups for the concentrate treatments used. The 3 treatments were high protein: low grain feed (HPF), medium protein: medium grain feed (MPF) and low protein: high grain feed (LPF). The dietary protein: grain levels were obtained by mixing groundnut cake (GNC) and sorghum grain, by weight, in the ratios of 75:25; 50:50; and 25:75; respectively. Calves received 1kg DM of concentrate mixture plus free access to Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) grazing. The average daily live-weight gains of calves were 0.84, 0.75 and 0.87kg for treatments 1,2 and 3 respectively. These did not differ significantly when tested statistically. The results indicate that the lowest of the three protein levels was adequate for the calves for optimum performance in this experiment.

scholarly journals Supplementation Of Concentrate With Different Levels Of Protein On Nutrient Intake, Digestibility And Growth Of Red Chittagong Heifers

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
S Barua ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
SS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation with different protein levels on intake, digestibility and growth performance of Red Chittagong (RC) heifers fed urea molasses straw (UMS) based diet. Twelve RC heifers having average live weight of 124.83±43.15 kg and aged between 8 to 14 months were selected for 90 days feeding trial. Animals were divided into four groups having three animals in each and were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The experimental diets were formulated using urea molasses straw (UMS), German grass (Echinochloa grousgalli) with or without concentrate mix (having different levels of protein). All the animals received UMS ad libitum and German grass at the rate of 20% of total DM intake. In addition to UMS and German grass of control diet T0, animals on diets T1, T2 and T3 were supplied with concentrate mixture at the rate of 10% of DM intake containing 15, 20 and 25% CP, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 2.65, 3.06, 2.62 and 2.86 kg/100 kg LW for diets T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively and the difference was non significant (P>0.05). The digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NFE and digestible nutrients (DCP, DEE and DNFE) for diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than those for diet T0. The daily average liveweight gain of RC heifers fed diets T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 100, 275, 333 and 291 g respectively (P<0.01). Concentrate mixture having 20% crude protein may be supplemented at the rate of 10% of DM intake per day for optimum growth of Red Chittagong heifers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9861 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 10-16

scholarly journals Feeding Response of Tree Fodder Bhimal (Grewia optiva) on Growth Performance of Castrated Male Goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Luma Nidhi Pandey ◽  
Megh Raj Tiwari ◽  
Bishnu Bahadur KC ◽  
Niraj Baskota ◽  
Jagan Nath Banjade
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Mixture Treatment ◽  
Grewia Optiva ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

Bhimal (Grewia optiva) is a fodder tree mostly found in mid hills of mid and far western region of Nepal. Bhimal could constitutes one of the main livestock green fodders, especially for goats when fresh green fodder become limited during the winter dry season. However, the feeding value of Bhimal leaves on growth performance of castrated goats probably has not been evaluated so far. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bhimal leaves feeding on growth performance of castrated male goats for 90 days. Altogether 16 growing castrated male goats of same breed, age and body weight were selected and equally divided into four treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 with four replications by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Four types of experimental diets were prepared having various levels (0 to 100%) of Bhimal leaves as fodder. Experimental animals of Treatment 1 were fed with seasonal fodder + 100 g concentrate mixture, Treatment 2 with 100% Bhimal fodder + 100 g concentrate mixture, Treatment 3with 75% Bhimal fodder + 25% seasonal fodder + 100 g concentrate mixture, while Treatment 4 with 50% Bhimal fodder + 50% season fodder + 100 g concentrate mixture. All diets were fed ad-lib and experimental animals had free access to drinking water. The diets offered and refusal was measured daily and weight change was observed fortnightly. The result showed that fodder intake (g/d/animal) and total dry matter intake (TDMI g/kg live weight) of goats differed significantly (P<0.01), but concentrate intake was not differed significantly (P<0.01) among treatments. The highest dry matter intake per animal /day was in Treatment 2 (52.75 g/kg live weight) followed by Treatment 4, Treatment 3 and Treatment 1 (51.7, 48.56 and 32.69 g/kg live weight, respectively).The average daily gain in body weight was observed highest in Treatment 2 (66.66 g/d) followed by Treatment 3 (31.66 g/d) and Treatment 4 (30.83 g). The growth rate was significantly (P<0.01) different among diet groups (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.01 for 60, 75 and 90 days, respectively). In case of the feed conversion ratio, Treatment 2 had best ratio (8.79:1) than Treatment 1 (14.21:1), T3 (17.03:1) and Treatment 4 (18.59:1). The present response study showed that body weight in castrated male goats can be increased significantly (P<0.05) implying that in winter season when other green forages are poorly available goat farming  can be supported by Bhimal fodder tree.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 1-11

scholarly journals Protein malnutrition in the rat induced by protein-calorie imbalance

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Wikramanayake
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

1. A study has been made of the effect of feeding growing rats for a long time on a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet given at two different levels of energy. 2. When the proteins of the diet provided o or 5% of the calories the body-weight fell rapidly and fat accumulated in the liver. Addition of carbohydrate (glucose) to the diets increased the amount of fat in the liver. 3. It is suggested that a deficiency of protein retards the synthesis in the liver of lipoproteins required for removal of triglyceride from the liver. Additional carbohydrate diverts amino acids from the amino acid pool to tissues such as muscles, increasing the liver damage.

A study of two strains of Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.) and of Leucerne (Medicago sativa L.) as components of a mixed pasture at Lawes in South-east Queensland

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Christian ◽  
NH Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Chloris Gayana Kunth

The results of investigations with Rhodes grass and lucerne as components of sown pastures at Lawes in south-east Queensland are reported. Two strains of Rhodes grass, differing very markedly in growth form, rate of maturity, and other characteristics, were shown to be virtually of the same value when grazed by cattle under a system of intermittent grazing at a heavy rate of stocking. It was shown that lucerne could be maintained in a mixed pasture with Rhodes grass, and that the presence of a small population of lucerne, of a density of 2-4 plants per square yard, resulted in Increased growth of Rhodes grass and increased live-weight gains by the steers. Reasons for these increases are discussed.It is considered that the mixture, which can be expected to give improved grazing mainly during the summer months, has possibilities for large areas in south-east Queensland.

Influence of Different Levels of Dietary Energy on Performance of Double Suckled Cows and Calves

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
M.A.S. Khan ◽  
J.H. Topps ◽  
P.J. Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Levels

The winter feeding of beef cows represents a high, proportion of the costs of calf production. Attempts to minimise cost include the use of beef (♂) x dairy cows (♀) which have the ability to suckle two calves and to mobilise body reserves during periods of underfeeding in early lactation. Khan and Topps (1985) observed that cows in good condition at calving could maintain milk production and raise two good calves when given 110 MJ ME/day in a diet which included a source of undegradable protein. Subsequently a preliminary experiment was carried out with three single suckled and nine double suckled cows to examine the effect of energy level on the performance of cows and calves.Three single suckled cows and nine double suckled cows i.e. six with a natural plus foster calf and three with twin calves produced by embryo transfer were used in this experiment. The levels of energy that were examined were 70 or 90, 80 or 100 and 90 or 110 MJ ME/day for single and double-suckled cows respectively, supplied in diets containing ammonia treated straw, barley and fishmeal. Nine of the cows were placed into trios according to calving date and age, with a trio consisting of a cow with a natural calf, a cow with a natural and foster calf, and a cow with twin calves. Each trio was allocated at random to one of the three levels of energy. Similarly, the remaining three cows with a natural and foster calf were allocated at random to 90, 100 or 110 MJ ME/day. The calves were given good quality hay ad libitum and free access to a concentrate mixture up to a maximum intake of 2 kg/head/day. The concentrate mixture consisted of (g/kg) 800 barley, 150 soyabean meal and 50 molassine meal. The experiment started on the 22nd day of lactation and was of 20 weeks duration for most of the cows.

Effect of feeding different levels of lysine and protein on the performance of WLH layers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga Raja Kumari K ◽  
Ravinder Reddy V ◽  
Chinni Preetham V ◽  
Srinivas Kumar ◽  
D.Sen A.R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

A trial was conducted to evaluate the requirement of digestible lysine at various protein levels in the diet of WLH layers (BV-300) from 25-44 weeks of age. Layers (528) were fed with diets containing two protein levels i.e. 13.36 and 15.78 % each with 5 % concentration variations of lysine (0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, and 0.70) and a control with 17 % CP and 0.70 % lysine. Each diet was fed to six replicates of eight birds. Egg production, feed intake, body weight were not influenced either by the concentration of lysine or by level of protein in diet. Increased (P d” 0.05) egg weight and egg mass were observed with increasing lysine in diets. Better feed efficiency was observed with increasing lysine concentration. It can be concluded that WLH layers require approximately 0.65% lysine with 13.36% CP or 0.63% lysine with 15.78% CP (i.e. 598.80 vs 570 mg/h/day) in diet.

Performance of broiler with feeding different levels of palm oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
GB Das ◽  
ME Hossain ◽  
MA Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels

Six hundred day-old unsexed broiler chicks were used in a 42-day trial to compare the effects of different levels of palm oil supplementation on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and carcass quality of broilers. The chicks were randomly distributed following a completely randomized design in four treatment groups having three replications per treatment. Each treatment had 150 broilers with 50 broilers per replicate. Four diets were formulated using locally available ingredients as diet without oil, diets containing 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5% palm oil. All broilers had free access to ad libitum feeding. Results indicated that, supplementation of diets with different levels of palm oil significantly (p<0.05) influenced feed intake of broiler only at the age of 6th week. It was observed that as the level of supplementation increased, feed intake gradually decreased up to 6th week. Supplementation of diets with different levels of palm oil increased live weight gain of broilers. Differences (p<0.01) were observed at the end of 4th, 5th and 6th weeks of age only. Use of different levels of palm oil significantly (p<0.05) changed blood weight, heart weight and dressed weight. Survivability of broilers was higher in the supplemented group compared with without oil group. It was concluded that, supplementation of palm oil at 3.5% level in the diet of broilers resulted higher weight gain, better feed conversion and improved carcass characteristics comparing other levels. It may be concluded that supplementation of palm oil at 3.5% level in the diet of broilers resulted significantly (p>0.05) higher feed conversion ratio compared to 2.5% and 3.0% levels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19384 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 45-51

scholarly journals Impacts of Age, Genotype and Feeding Low-Protein Diets on the N-Balance Parameters of Fattening Pigs

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Ilona Anna Geicsnek-Koltay ◽  
Zsuzsanna Benedek ◽  
Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai ◽  
Nikoletta Such ◽  
László Pál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Fattening Pigs

The effects of feeding low-protein (LP) diets and the age and genotype of fattening pigs were evaluated in an N-balance trial. Sixty weaned piglets of two genotypes were allotted to three different diets. Besides the control diets for the crossbred Topigs 20 × DanBred Duroc (TD) and Hungarian Large White (HLW) pigs, two LP diets were fed containing 1.5 (T1.5) and 3% (T3) less dietary protein than the control. The LP diets were supplemented with crystalline lysine, threonine, tryptophan, and methionine to equalize their digestible amino acid contents. Starter diets were fed between 20–30, grower I between 30–40, grower II between 40–80 and finisher between 80–110 kg live weights. Pigs were kept in floor pens, with 10 animals per pen. In all phases, six pigs with similar live weight were placed into individual balance cages and in the frame of a seven-day long balance trial, the daily N-intake, fecal and urinary N-excretion were measured. From the data N-digestibility, the total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and N-retention were calculated. All the investigated main factors, the genotype and age of pigs and the protein content of the diets had significant effects on the N-balance of fattening pigs. The determinacy of the factors depended on the investigated parameter. Fecal N-excretion and N-digestibility were steadier compared with the urinary N-exertion and TAN percentage. N-digestibility increased and the urinary N-excretion decreased when LP diets were fed. The urinary N-decreasing effect of LP diets was not linear. Compared with the control (19.6 gN/day), T1.5 treatment resulted in 14.5, treatment T3 in 12.4 g daily urinary N-excretion. The TAN and the N-retention of HLW pigs were more favorable than those of TD pigs. Based on our results, it can be concluded that the accuracy of the nitrogen and TAN excretion values of pigs, used in the calculation of the national NH3 inventories, could be improved if the genotype, the more detailed age categories and the different protein levels of feeds are considered.

Effects of varying dietary energy and protein levels on gross morphology and histology of testes of breeder FUNAAB – Alpha cocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
B. Saleh ◽  
D. J. U. Kalla ◽  
S. T. Mbap ◽  
U. D. Doma ◽  
A. Y. Girgiri
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The effects of varying levels of dietary energy and protein on gross morphology and histology of testes of FUNNAB – Alpha chickens were studied at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi state. Twelve cocks were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; Standard diet (SD) (Control) (2650Kcal/Kg ME/ 16%CP), High Energy – Low Protein (HELP, 2800 Kcal/Kg ME/ 14%CP), High Energy – High Protein (HEHP, 2800 Kcal/Kg ME/ 18% CP) and Low Energy – Low Protein (LEHP, 2400 Kcal/Kg ME/ 18%CP) groups. A total of twelve FUNAAB – Alpha cocks were used for this experiment. The cocks were reared in floor pens under natural mating. At 69 weeks of age, all the cocks were slaughtered and testicles carefully removed for gross morphology and histological studies. A significant (P<0.05) influence of diet was noted on live weight with cocks fed HELP diet being heavier (P<0.05) than those in the other treatment groups. Means for all parameters of testicles measured where not different (P>0.05) from each other. Histological sections of the testes showed that HELP diet had mild effect on spermatogenesis evidenced by the scanty spermatozoa in the tubular lumen. It was concluded that FUNAAB – alpha cocks can be fed diets meant for breeding hens without adverse effect on spermatogenesis. However, feeding the LEHP diet produced roosters that were overweighed with slightly impaired spermatogenesis.

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