scholarly journals Impacts of Age, Genotype and Feeding Low-Protein Diets on the N-Balance Parameters of Fattening Pigs

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Ilona Anna Geicsnek-Koltay ◽  
Zsuzsanna Benedek ◽  
Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai ◽  
Nikoletta Such ◽  
László Pál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Fattening Pigs

The effects of feeding low-protein (LP) diets and the age and genotype of fattening pigs were evaluated in an N-balance trial. Sixty weaned piglets of two genotypes were allotted to three different diets. Besides the control diets for the crossbred Topigs 20 × DanBred Duroc (TD) and Hungarian Large White (HLW) pigs, two LP diets were fed containing 1.5 (T1.5) and 3% (T3) less dietary protein than the control. The LP diets were supplemented with crystalline lysine, threonine, tryptophan, and methionine to equalize their digestible amino acid contents. Starter diets were fed between 20–30, grower I between 30–40, grower II between 40–80 and finisher between 80–110 kg live weights. Pigs were kept in floor pens, with 10 animals per pen. In all phases, six pigs with similar live weight were placed into individual balance cages and in the frame of a seven-day long balance trial, the daily N-intake, fecal and urinary N-excretion were measured. From the data N-digestibility, the total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and N-retention were calculated. All the investigated main factors, the genotype and age of pigs and the protein content of the diets had significant effects on the N-balance of fattening pigs. The determinacy of the factors depended on the investigated parameter. Fecal N-excretion and N-digestibility were steadier compared with the urinary N-exertion and TAN percentage. N-digestibility increased and the urinary N-excretion decreased when LP diets were fed. The urinary N-decreasing effect of LP diets was not linear. Compared with the control (19.6 gN/day), T1.5 treatment resulted in 14.5, treatment T3 in 12.4 g daily urinary N-excretion. The TAN and the N-retention of HLW pigs were more favorable than those of TD pigs. Based on our results, it can be concluded that the accuracy of the nitrogen and TAN excretion values of pigs, used in the calculation of the national NH3 inventories, could be improved if the genotype, the more detailed age categories and the different protein levels of feeds are considered.

The effect of different dietary protein levels in the rearing phase (from 60 kg) on body composition and reproductive performance of gilts

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
M C Cia ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
V L Glasgow ◽  
M Shanks ◽  
H Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Real Time Ultrasonography

Low protein diets have been proposed as a way to enhance fat reserves and reduce liveweight gain in breeding animals of very lean genotypes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different protein levels on daily gain, body composition and reproductive performance of gilts.At 118 (sem=0.28) days old, 54 genetically lean gilts ((Landrace x Large White) x Large White) were allocated, considering firstly age and secondly weight, between three treatments with different dietary lysine:energy (g/MJ DE) ratios: High (0.9), Medium (0.6) and Low (0.3), fed twice daily at 2.9 x maintenance energy. Animals were weighed weekly and backfat thickness (P2) and muscle depth values were also taken. Eye muscle area measurements were taken by real time ultrasonography (Aloka 500) at the end of the experiment At 160 days of age, puberty was induced by administration of exogenous gonadotropin (PG600).

The effect of different dietary protein levels in the rearing phase (from 60 kg) on body composition and reproductive performance of gilts

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
M C Cia ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
V L Glasgow ◽  
M Shanks ◽  
H Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Real Time Ultrasonography

Low protein diets have been proposed as a way to enhance fat reserves and reduce liveweight gain in breeding animals of very lean genotypes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different protein levels on daily gain, body composition and reproductive performance of gilts.At 118 (sem=0.28) days old, 54 genetically lean gilts ((Landrace x Large White) x Large White) were allocated, considering firstly age and secondly weight, between three treatments with different dietary lysine:energy (g/MJ DE) ratios: High (0.9), Medium (0.6) and Low (0.3), fed twice daily at 2.9 x maintenance energy. Animals were weighed weekly and backfat thickness (P2) and muscle depth values were also taken. Eye muscle area measurements were taken by real time ultrasonography (Aloka 500) at the end of the experiment At 160 days of age, puberty was induced by administration of exogenous gonadotropin (PG600).

Phytocorrection of biochemical status and productivity when fattening barrows on low-protein diets enriched with essential amino acids

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
A. G. Solovieva ◽  
K. T. Erimbetov ◽  
O. V. Obvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of the plant ecdysteroid-containing preparation of Leuzea extract on the metabolism and productivity of barrows (three-breed crossbreeds Landrace × large white × Duroc) during fattening on low-protein diets enriched with essential amino acids from 130 to 212 days old was studied for the first time. In the control and experimental groups, a low-protein barley-wheat diet with the addition of essential amino acids contained (g / kg) crude protein - 108 g, metabolic energy - 12.5 MJ, lysine - 7.6 g, threonine - 5.4 g, methionine - 5.2 g. In the experimental group, liquid extract of leuzea was introduced into the feed, at the rate of 190 mg / kg. Feeding the barrows during the fattening period of the leuzea extract contributed to an increase in the efficiency of the use of nutrients in biosynthetic processes in animals. In the barrows of the experimental group, the concentrations of total protein (P≤0.05), albumin (P≤0.05), creatinine (P≤0.05), lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase activity at a lower level were statistically significantly higher urea (16.1%, P≤0.05) and glucose (P≤0.05). In the experimental group, during the period of fattening, the average daily gain in live weight was higher (by 10.2%, P≤0.05), the yield in the carcass of muscle tissue (P≤0.05), the indices of lean and meatiness, and lower the cost of feed (P≤ 0.05), crude protein (P≤0.05) and exchange energy (P≤0.05) per 1 kg of gain in live weight, output of subcutaneous adipose tissue and internal fat in comparison with the control. It was concluded that the use of a leuzea extract containing phytoecdysteroids, while feeding low-protein diets enriched with lysine, methionine and threonine, corrects metabolic processes, stimulating the biosynthesis of meat components, and thereby contributes to an increase in the productivity of barrows during fattening.

Protein levels in diets for European pigs in the tropics. 2. The effect of lysine and methionine supplementation on the protein requirement of growing pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Fetuga ◽  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Protein Diets

SUMMARYOne hundred and twenty-eight Landrace and Large White pigs were allocated on the basis of sex, litter origin and initial weight to one of 16 treatments made up of four basal 16, 18, 20 and 22% protein diets, each supplemented with either 0·00,0·05,0·10 or 0·15% synthetic L-lysine; methionine was added to meet the levels earlier found to be optimal. All diets had a common energy level of 3740 kcal/kg DE and pigs were fed from 8 to 50 kg live weight.Growth rate and feed efficiency improved as the protein levels were increased from 16 up to 20%. Only the 16 and 18% protein diets showed significant responses to additional lysine. Best overall gains and efficiency of gain was achieved on the diet with 20% protein and total dietary lysine and methionine+cystine levels of 1·17 and 0·66% respectively. Carcass leanness increased and fatness decreased as protein and lysine levels were increased, being best at the highest level (1·41%) of lysine studied.Nitrogen retention indicated slightly lower protein and lysine requirement, efficiency of utilization being best on the 18% protein diet with added 0·15% lysine, giving a total dietary lysine level of 1·1% at the equalized methionine and cystine level of 0·66%.It is indicated that diets providing between 18 and 20% protein in the diet, provided proper amino acid balance is maintained, would be optimal for pigs between 8 and 50 kg live weight.

The effect on the reproductive performance of sows of dietary protein concentration and pattern of feeding in pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Pike ◽  
T. G. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYIn a factorial experiment the effect of two protein intakes and three patterns of feeding in the second pregnancy of 48 Large White x Wessex Saddleback sows was examined. The high protein (HP) diet (19·5% crude protein) contained 15% white fish meal. The low protein (LP) diet (10·5% crude protein) contained cereal protein only. Nutrient components of the diets differed in protein only. The pattern treatments involved allowances of 1·8 kg (L), 2·7 kg (C) and 3·6 kg (H) per day, the three pregnancy patterns being HL, C and LH with the changeovers made from the 49th to the 63rd day post coitum (p.c). Sows on the three pattern treatments received the same total amount of feed from 0–112 days p.c. and were treated alike at farrowing and during lactation.Fertility and parturition results were similar for all treatments, but the number of piglets alive after birth (when weighed) was least for LP sows on the HL pattern. At 3 weeks of age the size and weight of litters on HP sows were significantly greater than those on LP sows (P < 0·05 and < 0·001 respectively). More piglets were weaned by HP sows than LP sows (P < 0·05). HP sows gained more weight in pregnancy (P < 0·001) which was slightly longer, and lost more weight in lactation (P < 0·05) than LP sows.The HL pattern of feeding was associated with smaller live weight gains in pregnancy than the LH pattern (P < 0·001) and the total birth weight of HL litters was lighter than LH (P < 0·05), mean piglet weights being similar. Lactation performance was unaffected by pattern treatment.The main conclusion is that a low intake, particularly during the latter half of pregnancy, of protein which is of vegetable origin, is associated with decreased viability of the piglets at birth and in early suckling life, and with lower capacity of the sows for milk production.

The performance of calves given concentrate diets treated with formaldehyde

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney ◽  
HL Davies
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Protein Diets

Five groups of Friesian bull calves were given concentrate diets containing 70 % barley in which low (12 %), medium (15 %), and high (19%) protein levels were obtained by varying the amount of peanut meal included. The effects of protein level and of formaldehyde treatment of the complete diet at the low and medium protein levels were studied in terms of liveweight gain, voluntary food consumption, digestibility of the diet, ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid, and urea and a-amino nitrogen in blood plasma. Observations were begun when the calves reached 70 kg liveweight and continued until they reached 130 kg liveweight. The calves given the low protein diets grew more slowly than those given the higher protein diets. The calves given the high protein diet grew no better than those given the medium protein diets. Formaldehyde treatment was associated with an increase in the rate of liveweight gain of 9% (P = 0.11) at the low protein level but had practically no effect at the medium protein level. The treatment did not adversely affect voluntary food consumption but was associated with decreases in the digestibility of nitrogen and in rumen ammonia levels and small increases in plasma urea levels.

EFFECTS OF GRADED DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON UREA RECYCLING IN THE PIG

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
E. WELTZIEN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Urea Recycling ◽  
Protein Diets

The kinetics of urea recycling were determined in six female crossbred pigs utilizing a radioisotope dilution technique. The experimental animals were fed three times daily 500 g of a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 8.4, 15.8 or 24.7% crude protein. Nitrogen digestibility, urinary nitrogen excretion, total nitrogen excretion and retained nitrogen were highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing dietary protein. Urea pool size, entry rate and excretion rate were also highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing protein intake. Expressed as a percentage of the total entry rate, a significantly higher percentage of urea was recycled in pigs fed the low protein diets compared with those fed a higher protein diet. Key words: Pig, urea, recycling, kinetics, protein

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Bamei Pig Intestinal Colony Compositional Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Lili Song ◽  
Mingjie Chai ◽  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crude Protein Level ◽  
Microbial Diversities

Diets containing different crude protein levels (16%, 14%, and 12%) were created to feed Bamei pigs in order to study the effect of these compositions on intestinal colonies. Therefore, 27 healthy Bamei pigs of similar weight ( 20.99   kg ± 0.16   kg ) were selected and randomly divided into three groups for microbial diversity analysis. The results of this study show that microbial diversities and abundances in Bamei pig jejunum and caecum samples after feeding with different dietary protein levels were significantly different. Dietary crude protein level exerted no significant effect on the Shannon index for cecum microbes in these pigs, while Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices for group I were all significantly higher than those of either the control group or group II ( P < 0.05 ). Indeed, data show that microbial diversities and abundances in the 14% protein level group were higher than those in either the 16% or 12% groups. Dominant bacteria present in jejunum and cecum samples given low-protein diets were members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data show that as dietary crude protein level decreases, representatives of the microbial flora genus Lactobacillus in jejunum and cecum samples gradually increases. Values for the KEGG functional prediction of microbial flora at different dietary protein levels also show that genes of jejunum and cecum microorganisms were mainly enriched in the “metabolism” pathway and indicate that low protein diets increase intestinal metabolic activity. Therefore, we recommend that Bamei pig dietary protein levels are reduced 2% from their existing level of 16% crude protein. We also suggest that essential synthetic amino acids (AA) are added to optimize this ideal protein model as this will increase intestinal flora diversity in these pigs and enhance health. These changes will have a positive effect in promoting the healthy growth of Bamei pigs.

Digestion by sheep of concentrate diets containing formaldehyde-treated peanut meal

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of formaldehyde treatment of peanut meal on the digestion of barley-peanut meal diets was studied in fistulated crossbred sheep at two peanut meal and therefore dietary protein levels. There were no differences either between protein levels or due to treatment in the overall digestion of organic matter, but more of this digestion took place in the stomach when the low protein diets were given. Dietary starch was completely digested. There was no effect of protein level or of formaldehyde treatment on the partition of starch digestion between the stomach and the intestines. About 10% of the dietary nitrogen disappeared from the stomach when the high protein diet containing untreated peanut meal was given; treatment resulted in a small net gain of nitrogen in the stomach. There was a net gain of nitrogen in the stomach when the low protein diets were given, the gain tending to be greater when the peanut meal was treated. When the meal was treated, there was a small but not significant increase (c. 2%) for the low protein diet and a substantial increase (c. 31 %) for the high protein diet in the amount of crude protein digested in the intestines per unit of digestible organic matter intake. Changes observed in the composition and flow of digesta and in plasma urea and cc-amino nitrogen levels are discussed in relation to the digestion of organic matter and protein.

scholarly journals Gastric Ulcers in Swine

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Nafstad
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Protein Diets

The effects of different protein levels, different fat levels and the supplement of vitamins B1 and E and the amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan on the development of gastric ulcers in pigs were studied in three experiments involving 72 pigs. The addition of vitamin B1, amino acids and the feeding of low fat rations did not change the number of stomach lesions observed. A modifying effect of vitamin E on ulcer development was observed. The feeding of low protein diets resulted in no increase of the total number of stomach lesions, but appeared to increase their severity. The pathology of gastric ulcers is described.

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