scholarly journals Hypoxic hepatitis with marked elevation of serum ferritin probably due to activation of intrahepatic macrophages: another form of hypoxic hepatitis hitherto not reported?

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
M Tanaka ◽  
T Goya ◽  
H Suzuki ◽  
M Takahashi ◽  
K Imoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Hypoxic Hepatitis ◽  
Marked Elevation ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Background and study aims: Hypoxic hepatitis (HH) is an acute liver injury that develops in patients with underlying diseases, such as heart failure, respiratory failure, septic/toxic shock. However, some patients do not have underlying diseases or episodes which are known to result in HH. Here, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of this particular patient group (called ‘unknown HH’ hereafter) to understand its pathogenesis. Patients and methods: Between October 2010 and January 2016, 157 consecutive patients with acute liver injury were admitted to our hospital. Among these patients, 15 patients were categorized as unknown HH. Medical histories and blood test results of unknown HH were analyzed. Results: Among 15 patients of unknown HH, 11 were habitual drinkers and all experienced one of digestive symptoms which might result in mild hypovolemia such as vomiting, diarrhea, appetite loss, and epigastralgia. All patients of unknown HH presented marked elevation of serum ferritin concentration paralleled with aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations. The serum levels of ferritin, ALT, LDH, and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) were rapidly decreased during hospitalization and all 15 patients of unknown HH recovered without any complication. Conclusions: We found the particular group of HH with marked elevation of serum ferritin probably due to intrahepatic macrophage activation. Anti-inflammatory treatments might be effective for this group of hypoxic hepatitis.

scholarly journals Puerarin mitigates acute liver injury in septic rats by regulating proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305-2310
Author(s):  
Jinan Zheng ◽  
Qing Huang ◽  
Jingjing Fang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Proinflammatory Factors

Purpose: To determine the protective effect of puerarin against acute liver injury in septic rats, and the mechanism involved.Methods: Eighty-seven Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to control, sepsis and puerarin groups (each having 29 rats). Serum levels of NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, ALT and AST were assayed. Liver lesions and levels of NO, SOD, iNOS and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using standard procedures.Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, AST, ALT, NO, MDA and iNOS significantly increased in the sepsis group, while SOD level decreased significantly. In contrast, there were marked decreases in NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, AST, ALT, NO, MDA and iNOS in puerarin group, relative to the sepsis group, while SOD expression level was significantly increased (p <0.05). The level of p-p38 in liver of septic rats was up-regulated, relative to control rats, while Nrf2 significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The expression level of p-p38 in the puerarin group was significantly decreased, relative to the sepsis group, while the expression level of Nrf2 significantly increased (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Puerarin mitigates acute liver injury in septic rats by inhibiting NF-kB and p38 signaling pathway, down-regulating proinflammatory factors, and suppressing oxidative stress. Thus, puerarin may be developed for use in the treatment liver injury.

scholarly journals Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Nanoliposomal Quercetin on Acute Liver Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Yifeng Pan ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Liposomal Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercetin Treatment ◽  
Injured Liver

Abstract Background Quercetin, a pigment (flavonoid) found in many plants and foods, has good effects on protecting liver function but poor solubility and bioavailability in vivo. A drug delivery system can improve the accumulation and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Objective In this study, we used liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin and evaluated its protective and therapeutic effects on drug-induced liver injury in rats. Design The nanoliposomal quercetin was prepared by a thin film evaporation-high pressure homogenization method and characterized by morphology, particle size and drug content. Acute liver injury was induced in rats by composite factors, including carbon tetrachloride injection, high-fat corn powder intake and ethanol drinking. After pure quercetin or nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, liver function was evaluated by detecting serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal acetic transaminase (GOT) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Histology of injured liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results and discussion On histology, liposomal nanoparticles loading quercetin were evenly distributed spherical particles. The nanoliposomal quercetin showed high bioactivity and bioavailability in rat liver and markedly attenuated the liver index and pathologic changes in injured liver tissue. With nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, the serum levels of GPT, GOT and DBIL were significantly better than treated with pure quercetin. Using liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin might be an effective strategy to reduce hepatic injury and protect hepatocytes against damage. Conclusions Liposomal nanoparticles may improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Furthermore, nanoliposomal quercetin could effectively protect rats against acute liver injury and may be a new hepatoprotective and therapeutic agent for patients with liver diseases.

scholarly journals Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Nanoliposomal Quercetin on Acute Liver Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Yifeng Pan ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Liposomal Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercetin Treatment ◽  
Injured Liver

Abstract Background Quercetin, a pigment (flavonoid) found in many plants and foods, has good effects on protecting liver function but poor solubility and bioavailability in vivo. A drug delivery system can improve the accumulation and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Objective In this study, we used liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin and evaluated its protective and therapeutic effects on drug-induced liver injury in rats. Design The nanoliposomal quercetin was prepared by a thin film evaporation-high pressure homogenization method and characterized by morphology, particle size and drug content. Acute liver injury was induced in rats by composite factors, including carbon tetrachloride injection, high-fat corn powder intake and ethanol drinking. After pure quercetin or nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, liver function was evaluated by detecting serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal acetic transaminase (GOT) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Histology of injured liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results and discussion On histology, liposomal nanoparticles loading quercetin were evenly distributed spherical particles. The nanoliposomal quercetin showed high bioactivity and bioavailability in rat liver and markedly attenuated the liver index and pathologic changes in injured liver tissue. With nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, the serum levels of GPT, GOT and DBIL were significantly better than treated with pure quercetin. Using liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin might be an effective strategy to reduce hepatic injury and protect hepatocytes against damage. Conclusions Liposomal nanoparticles may improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Furthermore, nanoliposomal quercetin could effectively protect rats against acute liver injury and may be a new hepatoprotective and therapeutic agent for patients with liver diseases.

scholarly journals Acute liver injury in a patient with adult-onset Still’s disease—the challenge of differential diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Weber ◽  
Alexander L Gerbes
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Adult Onset Still’S Disease ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Still’S Disease ◽  
Still's Disease ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Adult Onset Still's Disease

ABSTRACT In addition to the cardinal symptoms of fever, rash and arthralgia, liver involvement in patients with adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) has been described. However, acute liver injury in AOSD patients can have various other causes: it can be a result of an AOSD-induced macrophage activation syndrome or be associated to the drugs given for the underlying diseases and symptoms. Differential diagnosis can therefore be challenging. We here present a case of a 32-year-old male with acute liver injury following the initial diagnosis of AOSD to discuss the possible underlying reasons.

scholarly journals Ascites management by cell-free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy during recovery from drug-induced acute liver injury: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koya Yasuda ◽  
Mea Asou ◽  
Tomohiko Asakawa ◽  
Makoto Araki
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Massive Ascites ◽  
Drug Induced

Abstract Background The symptoms of drug-induced hepatic injury are manifold; however, the presence of ascites indicates a severe disease condition. The rapid accumulation of ascites is distressing and requires palliative treatment. Because many cases are addressed by repeated large-volume paracentesis, often resulting in impairment due to protein and electrolyte loss, a different approach is required. Case presentation A 61-year-old Japanese man on maintenance dialysis was admitted to our hospital with acute liver injury. Our patient was diagnosed as having drug-induced liver injury due to warfarin or diltiazem, which started immediately after coronary artery bypass grafting 7 months previously. One month after admission, our patient’s hepatic encephalopathy remained grade 1 and his prothrombin time international normalized ratio was maintained at < 1.5. However, the liver was markedly atrophied with massive ascites. Although liver transplantation was desired, he was considered unfit for transplantation because of his renal and cardiac complications. Therefore, we devised a strategy to manage the massive ascites with cell-free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy while awaiting liver regeneration. At first, cell-free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy was required frequently because ascites accumulated rapidly. But the fluid retention interval was gradually extended as intended, and cell-free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy was withdrawn after 8 months. During that time, the size of his liver increased from 1419 cm3 to 1587 cm3 on computed tomography. Conclusions Cell-free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy is an apheresis therapy in which ascites are collected aseptically by paracentesis, concentrated, and then reinfused intravenously. This treatment has the advantage of preserving nutrition by reusing the fluid. Previously, cell-free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy was used only for the management of ascites in patients with cirrhosis or carcinomatous peritonitis. This case suggests that palliation and maintenance of nutritional status with cell-free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy may be useful as an adjunct to liver regeneration in drug-induced hepatic injury.

scholarly journals Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Nanoliposomal Quercetin on Acute Liver Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Yifeng Pan ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Liposomal Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercetin Treatment ◽  
Injured Liver

Abstract Background Quercetin, a pigment (flavonoid) found in many plants and foods, has good effects on protecting liver function but poor solubility and bioavailability in vivo. A drug delivery system can improve the accumulation and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Objective In this study, we used liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin and evaluated its protective and therapeutic effects on drug-induced liver injury in rats. Design The nanoliposomal quercetin was prepared by a thin film evaporation-high pressure homogenization method and characterized by morphology, particle size and drug content. Acute liver injury was induced in rats by composite factors, including carbon tetrachloride injection, high-fat corn powder intake and ethanol drinking. After pure quercetin or nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, liver function was evaluated by detecting serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal acetic transaminase (GOT) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Histology of injured liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results and discussion On histology, liposomal nanoparticles loading quercetin were evenly distributed spherical particles. The nanoliposomal quercetin showed high bioactivity and bioavailability in rat liver and markedly attenuated the liver index and pathologic changes in injured liver tissue. With nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, the serum levels of GPT, GOT and DBIL were significantly better than treated with pure quercetin. Using liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin might be an effective strategy to reduce hepatic injury and protect hepatocytes against damage. Conclusions Liposomal nanoparticles may improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Furthermore, nanoliposomal quercetin could effectively protect rats against acute liver injury and may be a new hepatoprotective and therapeutic agent for patients with liver diseases.

scholarly journals LP-cs Ameliorated CCl 4 -Induced Acute Liver Injury by Suppression of Cellular Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeping Xu ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Yuying Li ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Junnan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Related Factor

Abstract Background: Acute liver injury (ALI) involves excessive oxidative stress(OS) and inflammatory responses, leading to a high mortality rate due to lack of effective therapy. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is widely used to induce ALI by induction of reactive oxygen species. Probiotics, including Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III, have been shown to produce antibacterial and antioxidant substances such as organic acids or bacteriocins that reduce liver damage. Nevertheless, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III culture supernatant (L-P-cs) on CCl4-induced liver injury remains unclear.Methods: Mice were pretreated with L-P-cs or medium for 14days before one dose of 0.2% CCl4 at 10ml/kg body weight delivered by intraperitoneal injection. CCl4-induced liver injury was examined by measuring serum levels of liver transaminases and high mobility-group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and liver histological staining. Inflammation and apoptosis in liver were evaluated by real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and TUNEL staining. Apoptosis in NCTC 1469 cells was detected using CCK8 and western blotting (WB). In liver, OS and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related proteins were measured using kits and WB.Results: L-P-cs significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced liver injury and reduced CCl4- induced inflammatory response and apoptosis, consistent with NCTC 1469 cells' results. L-P-cs also restored CCl4-induced increases in cell OS and ERS to normalize liver function. Specifically, L-P-cs pretreatment decreased CCl4-induced increases in nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2, HO-1, superoxide dismutase, glucose regulatory protein, and activating transcription factor 6.Conclusion: L-P-cs synergistically improves liver lobule necrosis, hepatocyte inflammation, and apoptosis by reducing liver OS and ERS.

scholarly journals Acute liver injury following acetaminophen administration does not activate atrophic pathways in the mouse diaphragm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Bruells ◽  
P. Duschner ◽  
G. Marx ◽  
G. Gayan-Ramirez ◽  
N. Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Acute Liver Damage ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Amino Phenol ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractN-acetyl-para-amino phenol (APAP, usually named paracetamol), which is commonly used for its analgesic and antipyretic properties may lead to hepatotoxicity and acute liver damage in case of overdoses. Released cytokines and oxidative stress following acute liver damage may affect other organs’ function notably the diaphragm, which is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress and circulating cytokines. We addressed this issue in a mouse model of acute liver injury induced by administration of APAP. C57BL/6J mice (each n = 8) were treated with N-acetyl-para-amino phenol (APAP) to induce acute drug caused liver injury and sacrificed 12 or 24 h afterwards. An untreated group served as controls. Key markers of inflammation, proteolysis, autophagy and oxidative stress were measured in diaphragm samples. In APAP treated animals, liver damage was proven by the enhanced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In the diaphragm, besides a significant increase in IL 6 and lipid peroxidation, no changes were observed in key markers of the proteolytic, and autophagy signaling pathways, other inflammatory markers and fiber dimensions. The first 24 h of acute liver damage did not impair diaphragm atrophic pathways although it slightly enhanced IL-6 and lipid peroxidation. Whether longer exposure might affect the diaphragm needs to be addressed in future experiments.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Nitroglycerin, N-Acetyl Cysteine and Metoprolol in CCL4 Induced Animal Model of Acute Liver Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk H. Al-Jawad ◽  
Zaid Al-Attar ◽  
Muayyad S. Abbood
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

OBJECTIVE: The current study was designed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of well-known drugs. Nitroglycerin, N-acetyl cysteine and Metoprolol in acute liver injury induced by CCL4. The antioxidant effects of b-blockers, especially carvedilol, have been described by several investigators. However, for metoprolol, the effect is a bit query as there is only one in-vitro study showing a little hepatoprotective effect. Thus, it is worthy to re-study the hepatoprotective effect of metoprolol. AIM: To explore the possible hepatoprotective effect of Nitroglycerin, N-acetyl cysteine and Metoprolol TartrateMATERIAL AND METHODS: The normal serum values of ALP, AST, ALT, TSB and TSP were determined in 35 healthy rabbits allocated to 5 groups before CCL4 induction and at three occasions 24, 72, 120 hrs after induction by CCL4 and treatment with the tested drugs: Nitroglycerin, N-acetyl cysteine and Metoprolol for five successive days.RESULTS: Showed significant decrease in serum levels of ALP, AST, ALT and TSB with a significant increase in TSP level of all the tested drugs measured at 120 hrs compared with the control and their levels measured at 24, 72 hrs.CONCLUSION: All the tested drugs proved in having a hepatoprotective effect when they are given orally to animals. The histopathological sections of the liver tissue supported the real effect of these drugs in the management of ALI.

scholarly journals Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Nanoliposomal Quercetin on Acute Liver Injury in Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyan Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Yifeng Pan ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Liposomal Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercetin Treatment ◽  
Injured Liver

Abstract Background Quercetin, a pigment (flavonoid) found in many plants and foods, has good effects on protecting liver function but poor solubility and bioavailability in vivo. A drug delivery system can improve the accumulation and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Objective In this study, we used liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin and evaluated its protective and therapeutic effects on drug-induced liver injury in rats. Design The nanoliposomal quercetin was prepared by a thin film evaporation-high pressure homogenization method and characterized by morphology, particle size and drug content. Acute liver injury was induced in rats by composite factors, including carbon tetrachloride injection, high-fat corn powder intake and ethanol drinking. After pure quercetin or nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, liver function was evaluated by detecting serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal acetic transaminase (GOT) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Histology of injured liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results and discussion On histology, liposomal nanoparticles loading quercetin were evenly distributed spherical particles. The nanoliposomal quercetin showed high bioactivity and bioavailability in rat liver and markedly attenuated the liver index and pathologic changes in injured liver tissue. With nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, the serum levels of GPT, GOT and DBIL were significantly better than treated with pure quercetin. Using liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin might be an effective strategy to reduce hepatic injury and protect hepatocytes against damage. Conclusions Liposomal nanoparticles may improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Furthermore, nanoliposomal quercetin could effectively protect rats against acute liver injury and may be a new hepatoprotective and therapeutic agent for patients with liver diseases.

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