scholarly journals OCORRÊNCIA DO VÍRUS DA RAIVA NA POPULAÇÃO SELVAGEM DE SAGUIS CALLITHRIX GEOFFROYI (HUMBOLDT, 1812) NO SUDESTE DO BRASIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1574-1584
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Valdetaro Rangel ◽  
Ana Paula Jejesky de Oliveira ◽  
João Luiz Rossi Junior ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Fernando Vicentini
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Callithrix Geoffroyi

Background: Zoonosis, which causes acute and lethal encephalitis, is transmitted through the inoculation of the virus present in the saliva of mammals of several species. In Brazil, wild rabies is a challenge for epidemiological surveillance and a significant increase has already been observed in human cases. Some of the main wild reservoirs are: wild dog (Cerdocyon thous), marmosets (Callithrix sp) and hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus). Considering cases of positivity in marmosets in the Northeast of Brazil, together with the increasing number of cases in wild animals, this work aimed to survey the occurrence of the virus in a wild population. The animals were necropsied from the tramway ES-060, all of the Callithrix geoffroyi. The material collected for analysis of the rabies virus consisted of brain, which was conditioned and identified for later analysis at the Institute of Agricultural and Forest Defense of Espírito Santo (IDAF). The 44 samples gave negative results. The study suggests that the occurrence of the virus should be investigated in other localities, especially in regions closer to sites that have already been reported cases of rabies, and that the use of trampled animals is feasible for a better understanding of wildlife health.

scholarly journals Molecular eco-epidemiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in road-killed mammals reveals Cerdocyon thous and Cuniculus paca as new hosts harboring this fungal pathogen

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256668
Author(s):  
Bruno de Souza Scramignon-Costa ◽  
Fernando Almeida-Silva ◽  
Bodo Wanke ◽  
Marcelo Weksler ◽  
Ricardo Moratelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Outbreak Areas ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Bradypus Variegatus

Wild animals infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis represent important indicators of this fungal agent presence in the environment. The detection of this pathogen in road-killed wild animals has shown to be a key strategy for eco-epidemiological surveillance of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), helping to map hot spots for human infection. Molecular detection of P. brasiliensis in wild animals from PCM outbreak areas has not been performed so far. The authors investigated the presence of P. brasiliensis through nested-PCR in tissue samples obtained from road-killed animals collected nearby a human PCM outbreak spot, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil and border areas. Eighteen species of mammals were analyzed: Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo, n = 6), Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox, n = 4), Coendou spinosus (hairy dwarf porcupine, n = 2), Lontra longicaudis (Neotropical river otter, n = 1), Procyon cancrivorus (crab-eating raccoon, n = 1), Galactis cuja (lesser grison, n = 1), Tamandua tetradactyla (collared anteater, n = 1), Cuniculus paca (paca, n = 1), and Bradypus variegatus (brown-throated three-toed sloth, n = 1). Specific P. brasiliensis sequences were detected in the liver, spleen, and lymph node samples from 4/6 (66.7%) D. novemcinctus, reinforcing the importance of these animals on Paracoccidioides ecology. Moreover, lymph nodes samples from two C. thous, as well as lung samples from the C. paca were also positive. A literature review of Paracoccidioides spp. in vertebrates in Brazil indicates C. thous and C. paca as new hosts for the fungal pathogen P. brasiliensis.

scholarly journals Descriptive analysis of rabies in wild animals in the state of Sergipe, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Antunes ◽  
J.C.C. Matos ◽  
L.P. Mol ◽  
M.A. Oliveira ◽  
T.L.M. Arcebispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Production Animals

ABSTRACT The wild cycle of rabies constitutes a serious challenge to epidemiological surveillance for disease control in domestic, companion or production animals, and in humans. The understanding of rabies virus circulation in the natural environment is increasingly important due to the constancy of natural reservoirs of the disease and the presence of potential vectors of the infection to humans and domestic animals. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of rabies in the State of Sergipe a total of 935 hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus), 46 wild dogs (Cerdocyon thous) and 24 primates (Callithrix spp.) were analyzed from 1987 to 2014, of which 1 bat, 17 crab-eating foxes and no primates were positive. Due to the lack of positive results in hematophagous bats, the main vector of herbivorous rabies, more studies are needed to monitor cases, because from an epidemiological point of view, Sergipe is endemic for herbivorous rabies. Epidemiological surveillance of rabies virus in wild animals is primordial for the success of disease control programs in herds of domestic animals and humans.

METHOD OF DETERMINING THE IMMUNOGENIC ACTIVITY OF LIVE VACCINE AGAINST RABIES IN WILD ANIMALS IN MICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
V. A. Babak ◽  
A. A. Gusev ◽  
I. A. Puntus ◽  
A. S. Smailova
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

The results of alternative studies on the immunogenic activity of live rabies vaccines for oral immunization of wild carnivorous animals are presented. The method of evaluation of immunogenicity using a model of oral immunization in mice with experimental infection control rabies virus CVS in the dose of 10–100 MLD50/0,03 ml. Once entered immunizing dose for white mice, weighing 12–14 g were 56.200 MLD50, the titers of VNA ranged from 1:6 to 1:16 (3,0–4,0 log2) and above.

scholarly journals Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on Leptospira Interrogans Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Romana Steinparzer ◽  
Tamara Mair ◽  
Christine Unterweger ◽  
Adi Steinrigl ◽  
Friedrich Schmoll
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Swine Urine ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Leptospira spp. cause the zoonotic disease leptospirosis, which occurs in numerous mammalians worldwide. Isolation is still important for serotyping and genotyping of Leptospira, which in turn is essential for epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis and the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. However, isolation of Leptospira from clinical specimens is inherently insensitive. This study was conducted to examine the influence of selective agents, sample filtration, sample pH and the use of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer for sample storage to improve the success of cultivation and isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae from swine urine. EMJH (Ellinghausen McCullough, Johnson and Harris) medium including the selective agents sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amphotericin, fosfomycin and 5-fluorouracil (STAFF) increased the success of Leptospira isolation from spiked swine urine samples. Sample filtration yielded only negative results. Isolation in EMJH-STAFF was successful from swine urine with a density as low as 104 Leptospira/mL, and urine with pH ≤ 7 impaired the cultivation rate. Cultivation and isolation were not improved by the addition of PBS to spiked urine samples prior to storage for 24 h at 4 °C. The results of the study demonstrate that cultivation and isolation of leptospires from swine urine can be improved by enhanced methods.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Vampire Bat Rabies Virus from French Guiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lavergne ◽  
Edith Darcissac ◽  
Hervé Bourhy ◽  
Sourakhata Tirera ◽  
Benoît de Thoisy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Bat Rabies ◽  
Vampire Bat

A rabies virus was detected in a common vampire bat ( Desmodus rotundus ) in French Guiana. Its genomic sequence was obtained and found to be closely related to other hematophagous bat-related viruses that widely circulate in the northern Amazon region. This virus is named AT6.

scholarly journals Conflitos entre criadores da raça Moxotó e animais silvestres no Semiárido pernambucano

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Rosália Barros Nascimento De Medeiros ◽  
Janaina Kelli Gomes Arandas ◽  
Ângelo Giuseppe Chaves Alves ◽  
Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves ◽  
Maria Norma Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Crotalus Durissus

Este artigo tem como objetivos identificar conflitos existentes entre criadores de caprinos da raça Moxotó e os predadores naturais dos seus animais, no município de Ibimirim, Pernambuco, bem como descrever as formas locais de prevenção aos ataques e suas implicações para conservação de raças caprinas e espécies silvestres. As informações foram obtidas através de entrevistas com questionários semiestruturados, complementadas com listas-livres. Foram entrevistados nove criadores, considerados especialistas locais. Foram identificadas 13 espécies selvagens como as principais causadoras de danos para as criações de caprinos da região. As espécies citadas foram carcará (Caracara plancus), gato-mourisco (Puma yagouaroundi), conhecido e designado na região pelos criadores como gato-do-mato azul e vermelho, jiboia (Boa constrictor), urubu (Coragyps atratus), cão doméstico (Canis familiaris), raposa (Cerdocyon thous), cascavel (Crotalus durissus), morcego (Desmodus rotundus), jararaca (Bothropoides erythromelas), onça-parda (Puma concolor) e gavião (espécie não-identificada), em ordem decrescente de importância.  O conflito entre criadores de caprinos e os animais silvestres se deve aos prejuízos econômicos causados pelos ataques. Os criadores diferenciam as espécies predadoras principalmente pela forma e intensidade dos ataques. Em geral, a caça ainda é a principal forma de prevenção dos ataques, porém, registraram-se formas locais de defesa para algumas espécies. É necessário que se estabeleça um diálogo constante entre os criadores e os órgãos ambientais responsáveis pelas políticas públicas com o objetivo de desenvolver estratégias para a conservação das raças locais, como a raça Moxotó, e espécies silvestres.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of near full-length sequences of the Desmodus rotundus genetic lineage of rabies virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 104179
Author(s):  
Angélica Cristine de Almeida Campos ◽  
Camila Malta Romano ◽  
Fernando Lucas Melo ◽  
Danielle Bastos Araújo ◽  
Elenice Maria Sequetin Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus

scholarly journals Assessing the risks of intervention: immobilization, radio-collaring and vaccination of African wild dogs

Oryx ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Woodroffe
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Lycaon Pictus ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
African Wild Dogs ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Rabies Vaccination ◽  
Future Management

AbstractControversy has surrounded the role of intervention in studies of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus. Following the death or disappearance of all wild dogs under study in the Serengeti ecosystem, it was suggested that immobilization, radio-collaring or administration of rabies vaccines might have caused high mortality by compromising wild dogs′ immune response to rabies virus. Planning future management and research on wild dogs and other species demands an assessment of the risks associated with such intervention. This paper critically reviews the available evidence and concludes that it is extremely unlikely that intervention contributed to the extinction of wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem. A more likely scenario is that vaccination failed to protect wild dogs exposed to rabies virus. Radio-collaring is an important component of wild dog research; hence, the benefits of immobilization appear to outweigh the risks, as long as (i) research is orientated towards wild dog conservation, (ii) radiocollaring is followed up by efficient monitoring, (iii) the number of animals immobilized is kept to the minimum necessary to maintain scientific rigour, and (iv) full data on disease and genetics are collected from all immobilized animals. By contrast, rabies vaccination currently seems to confer few benefits, at least when a single dose of vaccine is given. Further research, on captive animals, is in progress to establish more effective protocols, and to assess the role that vaccination might play in future management of wild dog populations.

Are We Justified in Conducting Invasive Research on Captive Apes for Their Wild Counterparts?

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-615
Author(s):  
Katlin Kraska
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Asymmetrical Power ◽  
Species Membership ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Wildlife species are threatened for a variety of reasons; research on captive individuals of the same species can, in some circumstances, prevent wild population decline. Such decisions pit conservationists and animal rights advocates against one another—the former are interested in survival of the species and the latter in individual rights. I argue that invasive research on captive animals for the sake of wild animals is justifiable in cases of emergency only if it is the lesser of two evils. This requires that the individual chimpanzee be compensated for harms incurred. I then argue this logic generally does not apply to human beneficiaries of invasive research conducted on chimpanzees. This is not because species membership is morally significant, but because asymmetrical power relations characterized by dependency and vulnerability will always exist between the groups if human interests are at stake. The argument focuses on federal chimpanzee conservation policy.

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