scholarly journals The biotherapics Influenzinum and Oscilococcinum in the treatment of influenza virus flu

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Marques De Oliveira ◽  
Carla Holandino ◽  
Camila Monteiro Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Prevention And Cure

Introduction: The influenza virus flu is a widespread illness which is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. About 20% of children and 5% of adults are infected with this virus every year. The disease is highly contagious and its transmission occurs by saliva particles of the infected person, expelled by breathing, talking and coughing [1]. Flu pandemics are generally caused by the appearance of a new subtype of the virus in humans, which occurs as a result of the existing flu in animal species transmitted to humans [2]. Despite the fact there are antiviral drugs, the virus develops mutations, creating resistance to these drugs in few days. Thus, the development of new therapies, including homeopathy, that can prevent and/or treat this disease becomes increasingly necessary. In this scenario, biotherapics appear as drugs that are made from biological products, such as secretions, tissues, organs whose compounding follows the homeopathic pharmacopeia. Objective: This study is a literature review on the treatment of flu with biotherapics used in clinical medicine, namely Influenzinum and Oscilococcinum. Method: Studies on the prescription of biotherapics for the prevention and cure of the flu as well as literature about the history and evolution of Homeopathy were reviewed in the present work. Influenzinum is a biotherapic made from the influenza vaccine from Pasteur Laboratory, while Oscillococcinum is obtained from the lysate of the liver and heart of the goose Anas barbaries. Results: Preliminary results showed that both medicines are widely used in clinical medicine. Influenzinum 9CH is prescribed for flu prevention and treatment, while Oscilococcinum is more used to reduce the severe symptoms in patients who already have the flu. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is possible to say that Influenzinum has a very important role in the prevention and cure of the influenza and Oscilococcinnum is useful in the relief of the symptoms caused by this disease

scholarly journals Specific Influenza Therapy: Current State and Prospects (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Odnovorov ◽  
T. V. Grebennikova ◽  
T. V. Pleteneva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Introduction. Respiratory infections are among the leaders in morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most severe cases of the disease are most often caused by the flu virus. Currently, there are many ways of specific prevention and treatment of influenza infection, but their effectiveness is far from ideal. This is due to the high variability of the influenza virus and the subsequent occurrence of resistance to the drugs used. In this regard, the improvement and development of antiviral drugs is an urgent task.Text. Influenza virus is an RNA-containing virus that causes massive epidemics and pandemics. Specific influenza prophylaxis includes vaccination. However, antigenic variability of the virus reduces the effectiveness of the vaccine, which requires constant costly development of its more advanced modifications. Specific treatment for influenza infection includes several classes of drugs, such as neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors oseltamivir, zanamivir and M2 protein inhibitors amantadine, rimantadine. At one time, these drugs were quite effective. But the formed resistance of influenza viruses to these drugs requires the creation of new or modifications of existing antiviral agents. Among the new domestic developments of antiviral drugs, histidyl-1-adamantainethylamine, which is a modification of the rimantadine molecule, has shown sufficient antiviral activity at the stage of preclinical studies. A representative of another class of drugs is arbidol (umifenovir), an inhibitor of hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza virus. According to studies, the drug has high profiles of efficacy and safety, but the recommendation of the World Health Organization is to continue clinical trials. Currently, clinical studies of new classes of drugs are underway – baloxavir marboxil and favipiravir. Baloxavir marboxyl is a prodrug that is converted in vivo to baloxavir, an inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease. Favipiravir is an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In vitro studies in cell culture and in vivo in laboratory animals have shown higher efficacy of these drugs than the above with minimal toxicity.Conclusion. The rapid evolution of the influenza virus leads to a gradual decrease in the effectiveness of modern antiviral drugs. New compounds targeting targets important for virus reproduction are in clinical trials. The future of the fight against influenza depends on the outcome of these tests, according to which the compounds can become effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of influenza.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccine failure in the tropics: a retrospective cohort study of waning effectiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Young ◽  
T. M. Mak ◽  
L. W. Ang ◽  
S. Sadarangani ◽  
H. J. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Virus Activity

Abstract Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) wanes over the course of a temperate climate winter season but little data are available from tropical countries with year-round influenza virus activity. In Singapore, a retrospective cohort study of adults vaccinated from 2013 to 2017 was conducted. Influenza vaccine failure was defined as hospital admission with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza infection 2–49 weeks after vaccination. Relative VE was calculated by splitting the follow-up period into 8-week episodes (Lexis expansion) and the odds of influenza infection in the first 8-week period after vaccination (weeks 2–9) compared with subsequent 8-week periods using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient factors and influenza virus activity. Records of 19 298 influenza vaccinations were analysed with 617 (3.2%) influenza infections. Relative VE was stable for the first 26 weeks post-vaccination, but then declined for all three influenza types/subtypes to 69% at weeks 42–49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 52–92%, P = 0.011). VE declined fastest in older adults, in individuals with chronic pulmonary disease and in those who had been previously vaccinated within the last 2 years. Vaccine failure was significantly associated with a change in recommended vaccine strains between vaccination and observation period (adjusted odds ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.50, P = 0.010).

scholarly journals Host Factors Impact Vaccine Efficacy: Implications for Seasonal and Universal Influenza Vaccine Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Dhakal ◽  
Sabra L. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Induced Immunity

ABSTRACT Influenza is a global public health problem. Current seasonal influenza vaccines have highly variable efficacy, and thus attempts to develop broadly protective universal influenza vaccines with durable protection are under way. While much attention is given to the virus-related factors contributing to inconsistent vaccine responses, host-associated factors are often neglected. Growing evidences suggest that host factors including age, biological sex, pregnancy, and immune history play important roles as modifiers of influenza virus vaccine efficacy. We hypothesize that host genetics, the hormonal milieu, and gut microbiota contribute to host-related differences in influenza virus vaccine efficacy. This review highlights the current insights and future perspectives into host-specific factors that impact influenza vaccine-induced immunity and protection. Consideration of the host factors that affect influenza vaccine-induced immunity might improve influenza vaccines by providing empirical evidence for optimizing or even personalizing vaccine type, dose, and use of adjuvants for current seasonal and future universal influenza vaccines.

scholarly journals A phase IIb study to determine the safety and efficacy of candidate INfluenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 in combination with licensed InaCTivated inflUenza vaccine in adultS aged 65 years and above (INVICTUS): a study protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Swayze ◽  
Julie Allen ◽  
Pedro Folegatti ◽  
Ly-Mee Yu ◽  
Sarah Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine

Seasonal influenza has a significant annual global impact. Current influenza vaccines work by inducing strain-specific antibodies against the highly polymorphic surface proteins of the influenza virus and need to be redesigned every year, increasing their cost and limiting availability. There is a demand for a more efficacious vaccine, particularly in older adults in which the current vaccines show poor efficacy. The aim is to investigate a novel vaccine, MVA-NP+M1, which targets T cell responses to the nucleoprotein and matrix 1 core proteins of the influenza virus A, which are highly conserved,  and therefore may provide long protection against a broad range of influenza strains. INVICTUS is a phase IIb study to determine the safety and efficacy of candidate INfluenza Vaccine MVA-NP+M1 in combination with licensed InaCTivated inflUenza vaccine in adultS aged 65 years and above is a randomised, participant-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-centre phase IIb efficacy study planned for 2030 volunteers aged 65 and over, in primary care. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of MVA-NP+M1 co-administered with licensed inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults ≥65 years. Participants complete daily diaries to record solicited and unsolicited events in the first four weeks post vaccination, and influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms and severity throughout the influenza season. We hypothesise an improvement in the primary outcome, a reduction in the average number of days spent with moderate or severe influenza-like illness during periods of influenza circulation, in the group administered with MVA-NP+M1, compared to those in the control group. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03300362. Protocol version: INVICTUS Protocol v3.0, 08 June06 2018.

scholarly journals Tanggap Siaga Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Desa Tempursari Kabupaten Magelang

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Paramita Nuraini ◽  
Atri Pratiwi ◽  
Kevin Gusti ◽  
Novina Silvita ◽  
Arinda Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Assistant Lecturer ◽  
Virus Influenza

Abstract:Corona virus is a type of influenza virus or a common virus that causes infection of the nose, sinuses or upper throat. The Covid-19 virus in humans is most commonly transmitted from an infected person to another in a number of ways. This virus can be transmitted easily through the air by coughing and sneezing. However, it can also be through direct contact such as shaking hands, touching objects and so on. Indonesia is one of the countries where the spread of the corona 19 virus is relatively fast. This virus also causes the death of victims, therefore education is needed related to preparedness during the Covid 19 Pandemic. This activity was held in Tempursari village, Magelang Regency for 1 month (June 2020) involving 1 assistant lecturer and 4 students of the Guidance and Counseling study program. Muhammadiyah University of Magelang as a companion for counseling and simulations related to proper hand washing and the use of proper masks. This service activity is expected for the community to have insight into the dangers of Covid 19 and have skills related to proper hand washing procedures and the use of proper masks so that they can reduce the spread of Covid 19, especially in Magelang district.Keywords: alert response; covid pandemic 19; wash hands  Abstrak:Virus Corona merupakan sejenis virus influenza atau virus umum yang menyebabkan infeksi pada hidung, sinus atau tenggorokan bagian atas.Virus Covid-19 pada manusia paling umum menular dari orang yang terinfeksi ke orang lain melalui berbagai cara. Virus ini dapat menular dengan mudah melalui udara dengan batuk dan bersin. Namun, bisa juga melalui kontak langsung seperti berjabat tangan, menyentuh benda dan lain sebagainya. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang penyebaran Virus Covid-19 terhitung cepat. Virus ini juga  menyebabkan kematian terhadap korban, karena itu perlu adanya edukasi terkait tanggap siaga dalam masa Pandemi Covid 19. Kegiatan ini dilaksankan di desa Tempursari Kabupaten Magelang selama 1 bulan ( juni 2020) dengan melibatkan 1 dosen pendamping dan  4 mahasiswa program studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang sebagai pendamping penyuluhan dan simulasi terkait cuci tangan yang benar dan penggunaan masker yang tepat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan masyarakat memiliki wawasan terkait bahaya covid 19 dan memiliki ketrampilan terkait tata cara cuci tangan yang benar dan penggunaan masker yang tepat sehingga dapat menekan penyebaran Covid-19 khususnya di kabupaten Magelang.Kata kunci: cuci tangan; pandemi covid-19; tanggap siaga

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