scholarly journals Immunological research about ultra-high dilution and Homeopathy: From 1994 to 2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Leoni Villano Bonamin
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Immunological Research ◽  
Dilution Effects

Background: This review is part of a special issue of journal “Homeopathy” (ELSEVIER) scheduled for publication in 2015, about the follow-up of researches published in the book titled “Ultra-High Dilution, Physiology and Physics”, written and edited by PC Endler and J Schulte in 1994. In this book, Prof. Madeleine Bastide described experimental models in immunology that were used during the 1980s to investigate high dilution effects on several biological systems. Bastide categorized available papers in four categories: high dilutions of antigens; high dilutions of thymus, bursa and other hormones; high dilutions of cytokines and immunopharmacological activity of silica. The studies about high dilutions of antigens were interrupted from this time onwards. Only the in vitro models developed on antigens and histamine dilutions lasted up to 2009. During this process, a huge multi-centre study was performed, with high reproducibility, and involving different independent laboratories. The studies about highly diluted cytokines, thymulin and other hormones brought some regulatory properties of endogenous substances prepared homeopathically, with special focus on epigenetic mechanisms of highly diluted cytokines. The frequently studied substance was Thymulin 5cH, which improved the activity of phagocytes in viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Studies about the immunopharmacological activity of silica have assumed a new focus: the putative role of silica as active contaminant present in high dilutions, that is still under discussion.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Jong Ryeal Hahm ◽  
Myeong Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Neurodegenerative disorders have emerged as a serious health issue in the current era. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases involve progressive impairment of neurodegeneration and memory impairment. A wide range of compounds have been identified as potential neuroprotective agents against different models of neurodegeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Hesperetin, a flavanone class of citrus flavonoid, is a derivative of hesperidin found in citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes, and lemons. It has been extensively reported that hesperetin exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this systematic review, we have compiled all the studies conducted on hesperetin in both in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegeneration. Here, we have used an approach to lessen the bias in each study, providing a least biased, broad understanding of findings and impartial conclusions of the strength of evidence and the reliability of findings. In this review, we collected different papers from a wide range of journals describing the beneficial effects of hesperetin on animal models of neurodegeneration. Our results demonstrated consistent neuroprotective effects of hesperetin against different models of neurodegeneration. In addition, we have summarized its underlying mechanisms. This study provides the foundations for future studies and recommendations of further mechanistic approaches to conduct preclinical studies on hesperetin in different models.

scholarly journals Organoids of the female reproductive tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindrilla Chumduri ◽  
Margherita Y. Turco
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

AbstractHealthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT—ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina—facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.

scholarly journals Experimental Models in Rheumatoid Arthritis:

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Verônica Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro ◽  
Alexandre Meira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Rafael Sanaiotte Pinheiro ◽  
Danielle Bogo ◽  
Iandara Schettert Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Class 1

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and chronic pathological condition characterized by an inflammatory process of the joints It is a complex and multifactorial, involving genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors and the use of experimental models is required to better understand its pathology and for drug testing. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review on experimental models in rheumatoid arthritis using IRAMUTEQ, a software that analysis, qualitatively and quantitatively, text fragments, as a methodological tool. After searching for articles published in the last five years on Scopus database and applying the exclusion criteria, we ended with 84 articles. The most commonly employed experimental models was the arthritis induction by inoculation of the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), followed by the use of combined methodologies and the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The analyses of abstracts by the IRAMUTEQ software provided a classification according to their textual elements in four classes, which were grouped into three main themes: in vivo models (class 1), clinical practice and traditional medicine (classes 2 and 3) and in vitro models (class 4) and it was also possible to build a similarity tree of the terms present in the abstracts and a word cloud with the most cited terms. Thus, the use of the IRAMUTEQ software as a methodological tool has been satisfactory, since it was possible to identify the main experimental models used, keywords, pathological processes and molecules involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis free of the researchers’ bias, in addition to being a tool for visual and intuitive results.

scholarly journals Project e-HD: an archiving system for electronic documents related to High Dilution research

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Carlos Renato Zacharias
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Institutional Websites

Peer-review journals and indexation agencies have an important role in the society as they certify the scientific common sense. However, they represent the edge-of-the-iceberg of the all produced knowledge. Within the “underwater production” there are many ideas, incomplete theoretical proposals and suggestions for new experimental models, some of them interesting, others more limited and a further group untenable. In common all of them are left aside and hidden from the most of people, including scientists. This article introduces a new initiative dedicated to the archiving of electronic documents (e-doc) referred to the High Dilution research, and was named as e-HD. It is opened to pre- and post-prints, lecture’s slides, movies, institutional websites and all relevant e-doc related to High Dilutions. e-HD is one more attempt to insert the High Dilution research in the scientific scenario giving visibility to all contributions in this field. While not substituting a peer-review journals, it can be used as a first step to refine preprints through open discussions before a more elaborated article’s version is done, aiming the final publication in peer-review journals.

scholarly journals Nanometric Hydroxyapatite Particles as Active Ingredient for Bioinks: A Review

Macromol ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Edilberto Ojeda ◽  
África García-Barrientos ◽  
Nagore Martínez de Cestafe ◽  
José María Alonso ◽  
Raúl Pérez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite

Additive manufacturing (AM), frequently cited as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a relatively new manufacturing technique for biofabrication, also called 3D manufacture with biomaterials and cells. Recent advances in this field will facilitate further improvement of personalized healthcare solutions. In this regard, tailoring several healthcare products such as implants, prosthetics, and in vitro models, would have been extraordinarily arduous beyond these technologies. Three-dimensional-printed structures with a multiscale porosity are very interesting manufacturing processes in order to boost the capability of composite scaffolds to generate bone tissue. The use of biomimetic hydroxyapatite as the main active ingredient for bioinks is a helpful approach to obtain these advanced materials. Thus, 3D-printed biomimetic composite designs may produce supplementary biological and physical benefits. Three-dimensional bioprinting may turn to be a bright solution for regeneration of bone tissue as it enables a proper spatio-temporal organization of cells in scaffolds. Different types of bioprinting technologies and essential parameters which rule the applicability of bioinks are discussed in this review. Special focus is made on hydroxyapatite as an active ingredient for bioinks design. The goal of such bioinks is to reduce the constraints of commonly applied treatments by enhancing osteoinduction and osteoconduction, which seems to be exceptionally promising for bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Recreating Tumour Complexity in a Dish: Organoid Models to Study Liver Cancer Cells and their Extracellular Environment

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
van Tienderen ◽  
Groot Koerkamp ◽  
IJzermans ◽  
van der Laan ◽  
Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Primary liver cancer, consisting predominantly of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. This high malignancy is related to the complex and dynamic interactions between tumour cells, stromal cells and the extracellular environment. Novel in vitro models that can recapitulate the tumour are essential in increasing our understanding of liver cancer. Herein, primary liver cancer-derived organoids have opened up new avenues due to their patient-specificity, self-organizing ability and potential recapitulation of many of the tumour properties. Organoids are solely of epithelial origin, but incorporation into co-culture models can enable the investigation of the cellular component of the tumour microenvironment. However, the extracellular component also plays a vital role in cancer progression and representation is lacking within current in vitro models. In this review, organoid technology is discussed in the context of liver cancer models through comparisons to other cell culture systems. In addition, the role of the tumour extracellular environment in primary liver cancer will be highlighted with an emphasis on its importance in in vitro modelling. Converging novel organoid-based models with models incorporating the native tumour microenvironment could lead to experimental models that can better recapitulate liver tumours in vivo.

Abstract TP492: Novel in vitro Model of Arteriovenous Malformation for Endovascular Embolization and Flow Analysis

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Kaneko ◽  
Henrik Ullman ◽  
Fadil Ali ◽  
Philipp Berg ◽  
Yinn Cher Ooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Vitro Model

Introduction: 3D printed human vascular in vitro models of aneurysms and acute stroke have been utilized for training, simulation and device development. However, there are no realistic in vitro arteriovenous malformation (AVM) models. Current experimental models analyzing the efficacy of embolic materials or flow conditions are limited by their simplistic design, lacking complex AVM nidus anatomic features. The purpose of this study is to develop a new in vitro AVM model for embolic material testing and flow analysis. Methods: 3D images of the AVM nidus were extracted from 3D rotational angiography from a patient. Artificial feeders and drainers were added to the nidus and an inner vascular mold was printed using a 3D printer. The inner mold was coated with polydimethylsiloxanes. The inner plastic mold was removed by acetone, leaving a hollow AVM model. ONYX injection and 4DFlow MRI (Phase Contrast MRA) were performed using the AVM models. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to compare flow rate with 4DFlow MRI. Results: An in vitro AVM model with realistic representation of nidus vasculature and complexity was successfully created. Liquid onyx injection performed in the in vitro model successfully replicated real-life treatment conditions. The model effectively simulated plug and push technique before penetration of the ONYX into the AVM nidus. 4DFlow MRI flow rates were similar to the CFD analysis. Conclusions: An in vitro AVM model using 3D printing technology was successfully created. The model demonstrated realistic pliability during ONYX injection. This in vitro AVM model may represent a useful tool for training and development of new materials, and have potential of highly-resolved flow quantifications.

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