Efficiency of tick biotherapic on the control of infestation by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Dutch dairy cows.

Background: cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus poses serious problems for farmers in Brazil, especially because the parasite easily develops resistance to pesticide agents. For this reason, together with other factors including environmental, human and animal contamination and costs, alternative approaches have been sought for. Aims: this study sough to evaluate the efficiency of a tick biotherapic on tick-infested cows. Methods: 34 dairy Dutch cows were divided in 2 groups: one group received 100g/day of mineral salt supplement impregnated with tick biotherapic 12cH for 6 months, and then in alternate days with tick biotherapic 30cH to complete 28 months of treatment; the other group (control) received only the mineral salt supplement. After 28 months of treatment, engorged Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females were collected in both groups, counted and weighed; in vitro tests were carried out to assess mass of ticks; egg mass; egg-hatching rate; and reproductive efficiency. Results: There was significant difference between both groups for all parameters evaluated; tick-mass (p = 0.0008); egg mass (p=0.0044); egg-hatching rate (p= 0.0017); and reproductive efficiency (p = 0.0044). Conclusion: treatment with tick biotherapic significantly decreased the mass of engorged females, deposition and hatching rate of eggs, resulting consequently in the decrease of the reproductive efficiency of ticks.

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Acaricidal activity of Amburana cearensis on the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150334 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 536-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anne Caroline dos Santos Dantas ◽

Andreina de Carvalho Araujo ◽

Alessandra Gomes Marques Pacheco ◽

Alexsandro Branco ◽

Luis Antônio Sangioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Acaricidal Activity ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Reproductive Efficiency ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Gradual Dose

ABSTRACT: This experiment was carried out to study the bioacaricidal activity of Amburana cearensis against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The crude ethanolic extract from the leaves of A. cearensis was submitted to partition with organic solvents (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) in order of increasing polarity; and evaluated using three treatments at concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg ml-1. To evaluate the acaricidal activity, engorged females were submitted to the adult immersion test. Parameters analyzed were the weight of females; weight of egg mass; percentage of hatch; reproductive efficiency; expected rate of reproduction; and efficacy. For each extract and concentrating fraction, tests were performed in triplicate. Among all fractions, the hexane (2.5%) achieved the best results in all parameters analyzed: 52.7% of inhibition of oviposition; 39% of hatching rate; 3,271 index of reproductive efficiency; and 67.0% effectiveness. The extract obtained gradual dose response with increasing concentration; and could be used as an aid in the control of R. (B.) microplus therapy.

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In vitro activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000222016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Oliveira ◽

Manoela da Silva ◽

Lew Sprenger ◽

Daniela Pedrassani

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Vitro Activity ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Distilled Water ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽

Cattle Ticks

ABSTRACT: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, known as the cattle tick, is a cause of great economic losses for dairy cattle farming because of its high frequency of occurrence and the difficulty in controlling it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides extract on R. (B.) microplus. For this purpose, 125 females were selected and classified into five groups according to their weight, in order to ensure that the females used presented homogeneous weight. The treatments comprised 40 and 60% extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides, distilled water, ethanol (70ºGL) and 12.5% amitraz. The extracts of C. ambrosioides (40 and 60%) showed effectiveness of 99.7 and 100% and higher percentages of dead females than the other treatments: 64 and 96%, respectively (p<0.001). In the groups exposed to distilled water and ethanol (70º GL), 92 and 88% of the females maintained oviposition. In the females exposed to 40 and 60% extracts, oviposition of 36 and 4% occurred, respectively. It was concluded that the extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides, at both concentration evaluated, had high efficiency against engorged females of cattle ticks.

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Effect of vitrification technique and assisted hatching on rabbit embryo developmental rate

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199408005005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Popelková ◽

Z. Turanová ◽

L. Koprdová ◽

A. Ostró ◽

S. Toporcerová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Number ◽

Total Cell ◽

Control Group ◽

Assisted Hatching ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Total Cell Number ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rabbit Embryos

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of two vitrification techniques followed by two assisted hatching (AH) techniques based on post-thaw developmental capacity of precompacted rabbit embryos and their ability to leave the zona pellucida (hatching) during in vitro culture. The total cell number and embryo diameter as additional markers of embryo quality after warming were evaluated. In vivo fertilized, in vitro cultured 8–12-cell rabbit embryos obtained from superovulated rabbit does were cryopreserved by two-step vitrification method using ethylene glycol (EG) as cryoprotectant or by one-step vitrification method with EG and Ficoll (EG+Ficoll). Thawed embryos were subjected to enzymatic or mechanical AH. Vitrified EG group showed significantly lower (P < 0.05) blastocyst rate (22.5%) and hatching rate (15%) than those vitrified with EG + Ficoll (63 and 63% resp.) and that of control (97 and 97% respectively). Significantly lower values of total cell number (P < 0.05) as well as embryo diameter (P < 0.01) in EG group compared with EG + Ficoll and control group were recorded. No significant difference was found in developmental potential of warmed embryos treated by either mechanical or enzymatic AH. The present study demonstrates that the EG + Ficoll vitrification protocol provides superior embryo survival rates over the EG vitrification protocol for 8–12-cell stage precompacted rabbit embryos. No positive effect of either mechanical or enzymatic AH on the post-thaw viability and quality of rabbit embryos in vitro was observed.

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Control of bovine tick [Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus] with Brunfelsia uniflora leaf extract

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.06.p1653 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 903-910

Author(s):

Elaine Yae Yamashita Sugauara ◽

ElisângelaYumi Sugauara ◽

Rosangela Rumi Sugauara ◽

Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci ◽

Herika Line Marko de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Ester ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Acid Ethyl Ester ◽

Acaricidal Activity ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Ex Situ ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Free Living ◽

Crude Leaf Extract

Bovine tick has caused losses in livestock production profitability in Brazil. However, tick control has caused resistance of these ectoparasites against utilized acaricides. Alternative tick controls have been utilizing plants as sources of effective botanical acaricides. Brunfelsia uniflora is a Brazilian plant with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity; however, there are no reports on its acaricidal activity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of B. uniflora leaf ethanolic extract and its efficiency to control bovine tick in vitro and free-living stage ex situ. The crude leaf extract was analyzed by gas chromatographer coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) with identification of 17 compounds. The major compounds were phytol (22.96%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (21.18%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (12.74%) and vitamin E (8.77%). The crude extract presented acaricidal activity in vitro against ingurgitated adult females, larvae and eggs of bovine tick. The LC99.9 for larvae was 103.21 mg mL-1 in in vitro tests and was 100% efficient for ex situ larva test (free-living stage). B. uniflora leaf extract is an alternative for the control of the bovine tick cycle, mainly in the free-living stage (non-parasitic stage) under field conditions.

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Acute Effects of Three Cooked Non-Cereal Starchy Foods on Postprandial Glycemic Responses and in Vitro Carbohydrate Digestion in Comparison with Whole Grains: A Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030634 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 634 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruixin Zhu ◽

Zhihong Fan ◽

Yue Han ◽

Shuang Li ◽

Guojing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northeast Asia ◽

Whole Grains ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Starchy Foods ◽

Carbohydrate Digestion ◽

Glycemic Management ◽

Low Glycemic Index

Plant origin, processing, and domestic preparation may affect the postprandial glycemic response (PGR) of starchy foods. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of integrating domestically cooked non-cereal starchy foods commonly consumed in Northeast Asia into glycemic management diet, and compare their glycemic characteristics with those of waxy and non-waxy whole grains and starchy beans. In a randomized crossover trial, ten healthy subjects consumed dried lily bulb (LB), lotus seed (LS), adlay (AD), waxy black rice (BR), millet (MI), and adzuki bean (AB), pre-soaked and each cooked for two time durations. Acute PGR tests and in vitro carbohydrate digestion were carried out for each test food. Both the LS and AB meals achieved low glycemic index (GI 21–51), while the other starchy foods failed to show significant difference with rice (GI 83–109). The hydrolysis indexes of LS and AB were 37.7%–61.1%, significantly lower than other test foods. The in vitro tests indicated that pre-soaking resulted in high rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and low resistant starch (RS). Careful choice of whole grain materials, minimized pre-soaking, and moderate cooking may be critical factors for successful postprandial glycemic management for diabetic and pre-diabetic.

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Analysis of biological parameters of Boophilus microplus Canestrini, 1887 exposed to entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae Santa Rosa and All strains (Steinernema: Rhabditida)

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132005000800007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 911-919 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Gláucia Marques Freitas-Ribeiro ◽

John Furlong ◽

Viviane Oliveira Vasconcelos ◽

Cláudia Dolinski ◽

Alan Loures-Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽

Survival Period ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Reproductive Efficiency ◽

Biological Parameters ◽

Positive Role ◽

Efficiency Rate

Engorged and partially engorged females of Boophilus microplus were exposed to 600; 3,000; 6,000 and 30,000 infective juveniles of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 Santa Rosa and All strains per dish, under lab conditions. Eggs weight, pre-laying period, laying period, survival period, reproductive efficiency rate, percentage of larval eclosion and lethal concentrations of 50% and 90% (CL50 and CL90) were calculated for engorged females. In the case of partially engorged females, only egg weight, survival period and CL50 and CL90 were calculated. All biological parameters of engorged or partially engorged females were altered by exposition of S. carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs), Santa Rosa and All strains (p<0.05). The increase in the response was directly proportional to the increase of IJs concentration per Petri dish (p<0.05). Results suggested that entomopathogenic nematodes could have a positive role in the control of cattle tick.

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Resistance by cattle to cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. III. The development of resistance to experimental infestations by purebred Sahiwal and Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cattle

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9710331 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

RW Hewetson

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Control Group ◽

The Third ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sahiwal Cattle ◽

Males And Females

Purebred Sahiwal cattle acquired resistance to Boophilus microplus in a similar manner to crossbred Sahiwal cattle as previously reported. The purebred entire males and females were more resistant than a control group of crossbred steers because they dropped significantly fewer replete ticks than the crossbreds at the third and fourth, but not at the first and second infestations. Adult female ticks dropped by purebred animals were significantly lighter than those dropped by crossbred animals at the fourth infestation only. There was no significant difference in the numbers of eggs laid and hatched from ticks dropped by purebred and crossbred animals. Australian Illawarra Shorthorn steers developed resistance at a second and third infestation which waned at a fourth infestation, but individual steers displayed developing resistance throughout the four infestations. Day of modal drop of replete female ticks appeared to be affected by breed, and developing resistance or season.

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Life cycle of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Canestrini 1888 (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.23.6.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haytham Senbill ◽

Lakshmi Kanta Hazarika ◽

Aiswarya Baruah ◽

Deepak Kumar Borah ◽

Badal Bhattacharyya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Egg Masses ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Adult Feeding ◽

Southern Cattle Tick

The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most important tick species affecting bovine wealth worldwide. Three uninterrupted generations of this species were observed under laboratory conditions (28±3 oC and 80±5% R.H.) using rabbit hosts. The average life cycle was determined as 65±8 days. Adult feeding period averaged 7.1±1.24 days. Pre-oviposition and oviposition periods averaged 4.1±1.3 days and 8.6±0.85 days, respectively. Pre-hatching periods averaged 21.03±2.99 days. Larval free-living and feeding to moulting periods averaged 3.5±0.75 days and 7.9±0.69 days, respectively. Nymphal feeding to moulting periods averaged 10.9±1.38 days. Weights of unfed and fed females averaged 1.26±0.29 mg and 120.32±45.6 mg, respectively and produced egg masses with average weights of 29.5±9.03 mg. Number of eggs per female averaged 1455.3±434.5 eggs with peak oviposition on the 3rd day. Average hatching rate was 83.5±2.94%, and the reproduction efficiency index averaged at 12.79±2.85. The conversion efficiency index averaged at 0.26±0.05 and the reproduction fitness index averaged at 10.68±2.4. Tick recovery rate averaged at 4.7%. A strong linear relationship was found between weights of engorged females and weights of egg masses (r = 0.83) and also between weights of engorged females and number of eggs laid (r = 0.82). This work aims to describe temporal and quantitative biological facts of R. (B.) microplus life cycles. Few studies have discussed R. (B.) microplus biology in quantitative terms, and these data can be useful in designing control plans or in epidemiological studies under laboratory conditions.

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160 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IN VITRO CULTURE MEDIA AND ASSISTED HATCHING TECHNIQUES ON MOUSE EMBRYOS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv29n1ab160 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

N. C. Negota ◽

L. P. Nethenzheni ◽

M. L. Mphaphathi ◽

D. M. Barry ◽

T. L. Nedambale

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Assisted Hatching ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

F1 Generation

The in vitro culture media and assisted hatching techniques remain challenging obstacles to be utilised widely. Mechanical, chemical, enzymatic thinning, and laser-assisted techniques have been used previously but information is still lacking on its application in livestock. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 2 in vitro culture media (Hamster F10 and TMC-199) and 4 (mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, and laser) assisted hatching techniques on blastocyst formation and hatching rate using murine embryos as a model. The C57/b and Balb/c breeds were raised until they reached maturity and bred naturally to produce F1 generation. The light in the breeding house was controlled at 14 h light and 10 h dark. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for the mice. Superovulation of females were stimulated using equine chorionic gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. The F1 generation was used for the collection of the 400 blastocysts and randomly allocated into 4 assisted hatching techniques. Blastocysts were paired into a group of 10 and replicated 4 times for each assisted hatching technique. The general linear model of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used to analyse the data. Assisted hatching techniques of laser, mechanical, enzymatic, and chemical yielded 46.9 ± 37.1, 51.1 ± 40.2, 39.1 ± 35.8, and 33.3 ± 4.5%, respectively, under in vitro culture of Hamster F10. The TCM-199, laser, mechanical, enzymatic, and chemical assisted hatching techniques yielded 56.3 ± 43.3, 52.6 ± 35.5, 49.2 ± 37.5, and 33.9 ± 35.5%, respectively, with a significant difference. There was no significant difference observed in assisted hatching techniques and Hamster F10 culture medium. However, the hatching rate of embryos for all techniques was higher when in vitro cultured in TCM than cultured in Hamster F10. Hatching rate of blastocysts increased from chemical, enzymatic, mechanical, and laser with response to Hamster F10 and TCM; thus, laser is a suitable assisted hatching technique with TCM-199.

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