scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Tunisian horse breeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayrem Jemmali ◽  
Mohamed Mezir Haddad ◽  
Nawel Barhoumi ◽  
Syrine Tounsi ◽  
Faten Lasfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Important Amount

Abstract. This study aimed at screening genetic diversity and differentiation in four horse breeds raised in Tunisia, the Barb, Arab-Barb, Arabian, and English Thoroughbred breeds. A total of 200 blood samples (50 for each breed) were collected from the jugular veins of animals, and genomic DNA was extracted. The analysis of the genetic structure was carried out using a panel of 16 microsatellite loci. Results showed that all studied microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic in all breeds. Overall, a total of 147 alleles were detected using the 16 microsatellite loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.52 (0.49), 7.35 (0.54), 6.3 (0.44), and 6 (0.38) for the Arab-Barb, Barb, Arabian, and English Thoroughbred breeds, respectively. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.63 (0.03) in the English Thoroughbred to 0.72 in the Arab-Barb breeds, whereas the expected heterozygosities were between 0.68 (0.02) in the English Thoroughbred and 0.73 in the Barb breeds. All FST values calculated by pairwise breed combinations were significantly different from zero (p  <  0.05) and an important genetic differentiation among breeds was revealed. Genetic distances, the factorial correspondence, and principal coordinate analyses showed that the important amount of genetic variation was within population. These results may facilitate conservation programs for the studied breeds and enhance preserve their genetic diversity.

Genetic variation within and relationships among five subpopulations of Slovak Thoroughbred

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Daniela Šátková-Jakabová ◽  
J. Trandžík ◽  
Ľudmila Hudecová-Kvasňáková ◽  
Erika Hegedüšová-Zetochová ◽  
A. Bugarský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
International Society ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

Genetic variation at six microsatellite loci was analysed for five Thoroughbred subpopulations to determine the magnitude of genetic differentiation and the genetic relationships among the subpopulations. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were shown for a number of locus-population combinations, with all subpopulations. The genetic diversities and relationships of five Thoroughbred subpopulations were evaluated using six microsatellites recommended by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG). The allele frequencies, the effective numbers of alleles, and the observed and expected heterozygosities were calculated. POPGENE v. 1.31 (Yeh et al., 1997) was used to test for deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium and to assign FIS estimates (Weir, 1990). The utility of microsatellites for evaluating genetic diversity of horses is discussed.

Genetic structure analysis of domestic duck populations in eastern China

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Li Hui-Fang ◽  
Song Wei-Tao ◽  
Zhu Wen-Qi ◽  
Xu Wen-Juan ◽  
Tang Qing-Ping
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Domestic Duck ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Rich

AbstractUsing microsatellite markers, the genetic structure of nine domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) populations in eastern China was analysed. The results showed that the heterozygosity was high in these populations, ranging from 0.5137 to 0.6055, with an average heterozygosity of 0.5523, reflecting the rich diversity. Considerable breed differentiation was observed and 25.65% of the total genetic variation came from breed differences; this low differentiation result affirmed that each breed has its own genetic diversity. The DA genetic distances suggested that greater differentiation existed between populations. The duck populations were clustered into four groups based on neighbour joining (NJ) clustering, and the clustering results showed relationships with duck breed distributions and economic utilization.

High nuclear genetic differentiation, but low chloroplast diversity in a rare species, Aluta quadrata (Myrtaceae), with a disjunct distribution in the Pilbara, Western Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Byrne ◽  
D. J. Coates ◽  
B. M. Macdonald ◽  
M. Hankinson ◽  
S. M. McArthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Chloroplast Gene ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotype ◽  
Haplotype Variation

Geographically separated populations may show high levels of genetic differentiation, depending on the levels of current and historical isolation. In the ancient landscape of the Pilbara region, there are few plant species with restricted distributions, and one such species, Aluta quadrata Rye & Trudgen, is restricted to three separate locations on the southern edge of the Hamersley Range. We investigated genetic diversity and differentiation among geographically isolated locations of A. quadrata, using 10 microsatellite loci to assess contemporary genetic structure, and sequences of seven chloroplast gene regions to infer historical isolation. Nuclear genetic diversity was moderate, with moderate to high genetic differentiation among the three locations, and low differentiation among populations within locations. In contrast, there was no detected variation in the chloroplast genome. The high genetic differentiation is consistent with limited contemporary connectivity among the geographically separated locations, although lack of chloroplast haplotype variation indicates that limited connectivity has occurred more recently and is not due to historical isolation. The level of differentiation suggests use of local seed sources for augmentation or establishment of populations within gene flow distance of existing populations, whereas an experimental translocation established on more distant sites could use mixed seed sources to maximise genetic diversity.

Prominent genetic structure across native and introduced ranges of Pluchea indica, a mangrove associate, as revealed by microsatellite markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Yuting Lin ◽  
Achyut Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Haidan Wu ◽  
Fengxiao Tan ◽  
Hui Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Native And Introduced Ranges ◽  
Mangrove Associate

Abstract Aims Pluchea indica is a mangrove-associate species, known for its medicinal properties in its native range and being invasive in part of its introduced range. This study aimed to assess geographic distribution of genetic variation of this species across its distribution range, identify the factors influencing its genetic structure and use this information to suggest conservation and management strategies in its native and introduced ranges, respectively. Methods We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of 348 individuals from 31 populations across its native (Asia) and introduced (USA) ranges for 15 nuclear microsatellite loci. The spatial pattern of genetic variation was investigated at both large and regional spatial scales with the hypothesis that geographic distance and natural geographic barriers would influence the population structure with varying levels of differentiation across spatial scales. Important Findings We found relatively high genetic diversity at the population level and pronounced genetic differentiation in P. indica, as compared with the genetic diversity parameters of mangroves and mangrove associates in this region. Most of the populations showed heterozygote deficiency, primarily due to inbreeding and impediment of gene flow. Analysis of population structures at large spatial scale revealed the presence of two major clusters across the species’ natural range separating populations in China from those in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia and Philippines, and that the USA population might have been introduced from the population cluster in China. Genetic differentiation between populations was also observed at the regional scale. A large number of populations showed evidence of genetic bottleneck, thereby emphasizing the risk of local extinction. Based on these findings, our study recommends in situ conservation strategies, such as to prioritize populations for conservation actions and to maintain genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of Astrocaryum jauari (Mart.) palm in two Amazon river basins

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane D. Santos Oliveira ◽  
Santiago L. Ferreyra Ramos ◽  
Maria T. Gomes Lopes ◽  
Gabriel Dequigiovanni ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Veasey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Main River ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Astrocaryum jauari is a non-domesticated palm that is exploited by poachers. Our objective was to investigate the organization of the geneticdiversity and structure of three A. jauari populations. The study was carried out in the state of Amazonas, between the municipalities of Coari and Manaus. Nine microsatellite loci were used for the genetic analyses. High genetic variation was found, with a mean number of alleles per locus varying from 3.9 to 4.4. The average observed heterozygosity, varying from 0.71 to 0.78, was higher than expected. No spatial genetic structure was detected, since only one cluster was observed. Our results indicate a possible dispersion strategy and suggest that conservation measures of this species should focus mainly on the populations found at the end of the main river (Solimões) where most of the plant material originating from the headwaters of the tributaries of this river is concentrated.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization Of Autochtonus Slavonian Syrmian Podolian Cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEROS Tomislav ◽  
JEMERŠIĆ Lorena ◽  
PRPIĆ Jelena ◽  
BRNIĆ Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Allelic Variations

Abstract The aim of the study is to increase the knowledge on the genetic structure status of the autochthonous Slavonian Syrmian Podolian cattle breed currently listed by the FAO as “critically endangered”. Blood samples obtained from a total of 20 randomly selected individua were included in genotyping upon microsatellite panel recommended by ISAG and FAO. The procedure enabled the identification of as many as 214 (96.34%) genotypes and, at the same time, 129 allelic variations were found with = 11.73 alleles per locus. The genotypes showed differences between the microsatellite loci and also significant differences (p<0.05) in the frequency of both homozygosity and heterozygosity. The analyses of the allelic distribution within microsatellite loci showed marked variability. The distribution of genetic relationship was expressed by Wright's F coefficients. A moderate level of genetic diversity was observed at the tested loci. The findings demonstrate the degree of breed relationship and breed purity but also indicate that gene pool of the tested population has been threatened. Therefore, urgent measures must be taken to support both the genetic consolidation and preservation of the remaining population of Slavonian Syrmian Podolian cattle in Croatia.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the Capoeta aculeata populations inferred from microsatellite DNA loci

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibollah Gandomkar ◽  
Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi ◽  
Hossein Ali Abdolhay ◽  
Sajad Nazari ◽  
MEHDI SHAMSAEI MEHRJAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
River Population ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Three Rivers

Abstract. Gandomkar H, Shekarabi SPH, Abdolhay HA, Nazari S, Mehrjan MS. 2020. Genetic structure of the Capoeta aculeata populations inferred from microsatellite DNA loci. Biodiversitas 21: 4565-4570. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic variation of Capoeta aculeata on the basis of DNA microsatellite loci from three rivers (Beshar, Khersan, Maroun) in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province in Iran. DNA from fin clips of 120 specimens extracted and was examined with eight microsatellite markers. Genetic differences between the populations were discerned by pairwise comparison based on allelic distribution. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 14, while the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) at various loci varied between 0.212 to 0.579, implying that a moderate level of genetic variation. Among three populations, Maroun River population displayed the highest level of variability in terms of heterozygosity. Tests of Hardy-Weinberg showed that the microsatellite loci deviated significantly in the populations. The results indicate that some of the populations were significantly differentiated from one another based on pairwise FST estimates. Genetic distance-based measures supported the clustering of Maroun, Beshar, and Khersan rivers. The neighbor-joining dendrogram topology constructed on the basis of genetic distances among populations supported observed division between the populations. The non-significant differentiation between C. aculeata samples from Beshar and Khersan can be explained by a relative disconnection of these two populations and/or small amounts of gene flow.

scholarly journals Assessing the relationship between height growth and molecular genetic variation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) provenances

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalambos Neophytou ◽  
Anna-Maria Weisser ◽  
Daniel Landwehr ◽  
Muhidin Šeho ◽  
Ulrich Kohnle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Variety Versus ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is a conifer tree native to western North America. In central Europe, it shows superior growth performance and is considered a suitable substitute for tree species impaired in vitality due to climate change. Maintenance and improvement of growth performance in a changing environment is a main challenge for forest tree breeders. In this context, genetic variation as a factor underlying phenotypic variation, but also as the basis for future adaptation, is of particular interest. The aims of this study were to analyse (i) genetic diversity of selected Douglas-fir provenances, (ii) variation in height growth among provenances, and (iii) to assess the link between genetic and phenotypic variation height growth. Genotyping was done on microsatellite loci. Effects of provenance, genotype, and site on height growth were assessed by fitting mixed linear models. The most significant genetic differentiation was observed between provenances of the coastal variety, versus a provenance of the interior variety originating from British Columbia. Although genetic differentiation among provenances of the coastal variety was lower, genetic structures within this variety were identified. Moreover, genetic diversity showed a latitudinal gradient with the southernmost provenances being more diverse, probably reflecting the species' evolutionary history. The modelling approach revealed that height growth differed significantly by provenance, site, and the interaction between site and provenance, demonstrating that height growth is under strong genetic control. Additionally, this analysis showed that genetic variation captured by the genotyped microsatellite loci was significantly related to variation in height growth, providing statistical evidence for a genetic component in the observed phenotypic variation.

The spatial genetic structure of bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) populations: The effect of distance and habitat barriers

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kozakiewicz ◽  
Alicja Gryczyńska–Siemiątkowska ◽  
Hanna Panagiotopoulou ◽  
Anna Kozakiewicz ◽  
Robert Rutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Bank Vole ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Bank Vole Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Yellow Necked Mouse

AbstractHabitat barriers are considered to be an important factor causing the local reduction of genetic diversity by dividing a population into smaller sections and preventing gene flow between them. However, the “barrier effect” might be different in the case of different species. The effect of geographic distance and water barriers on the genetic structure of populations of two common rodent species – the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) living in the area of a lake (on its islands and on two opposite shores) was investigated with the use of microsatellite fragment analysis. The two studied species are characterised by similar habitat requirements, but differ with regard to the socio-spatial structure of the population, individual mobility, capability to cross environmental barriers, and other factors. Trapping was performed for two years in spring and autumn in north-eastern Poland (21°E, 53°N). A total of 160 yellow-necked mouse individuals (7 microsatellite loci) and 346 bank vole individuals (9 microsatellite loci) were analysed. The results of the differentiation analyses (FST and RST) have shown that both the barrier which is formed by a ca. 300 m wide belt of water (between the island and the mainland) and the actual distance of approximately 10 km in continuous populations are sufficient to create genetic differentiation within both species. The differences between local populations living on opposite lake shores are the smallest; differences between any one of them and the island populations are more distinct. All of the genetic diversity indices (the mean number of alleles, mean allelic richness, as well as the observed and expected heterozygosity) of the local populations from the lakeshores were significantly higher than of the small island populations of these two species separated by the water barrier. The more profound “isolation effect” in the case of the island populations of the bank vole, in comparison to the yellow-necked mouse populations, seems to result not only from the lower mobility of the bank vole species, but may also be attributed to other differences in the animals' behaviour.

scholarly journals Population Genetics and Evolution Analysis Reveal Diversity and Origin of Ammopiptanthus in China.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guai-qiang Chai ◽  
Yizhong Duan ◽  
Peipei Jiao ◽  
Zhongyu Du ◽  
Furen Kang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Ammopiptanthus Nanus ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background：Elucidating and revealing the population genetic structure, genetic diversity and recombination is essential for understanding the evolution and adaptation of species. Ammopiptanthus, which is an endangered survivor from the Tethys in the Tertiary Period, is the only evergreen broadleaf shrub grown in Northwest of China. However, little is known about its genetic diversity and underlying adaptation mechanisms. Results：Here, 111 Ammopiptanthus individuals collected from fifteen natural populations in estern China were analyzed by means of the specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (InDels) detected by SLAF-seq, genetic diversity and markers associated with climate and geographical distribution variables were identified. The results of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation revealed that all fifteen populations showed medium genetic diversity, with PIC values ranging from 0.1648 to 0.3081. AMOVA and Fst indicated that a low genetic differentiation existed among populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NX-BG and NMG-DQH of fifteen populations have the highest homology，while the genetic structure analysis revealed that these Ammopiptanthus germplasm accessions were structured primarily along the basis of their geographic collection, and that an extensive admixture occurred in each group. In addition, the genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) and principal component analysis showed that Ammopiptanthus nanus had a more diverse genomic background, and all genetic populations were clearly distinguished, although different degrees of introgression were detected in these groups. Conclusion：Our study could provide guidance to the future design of association studies and the systematic utilization and protection of the genetic variation characterizing the Ammopiptanthus.

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