scholarly journals The effect of polymorphism in the <i>FADS2</i> gene on the fatty acid composition of bovine milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Stanisław Proskura ◽  
Michał Liput ◽  
Daniel Zaborski ◽  
Zbigniew Sobek ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Direct Dna Sequencing ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Abstract. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide variety of physiological processes. They are produced by a series of desaturation and elongation reactions. Δ-6-desaturase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) to stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) and γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6). It is encoded by the FADS2 gene located on bovine chromosome 29. The aim of this study was to identify a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FADS2 gene and to determine possible associations with milk fatty acid composition in two breeds of dairy cattle, i.e., Jersey and Polish Holstein-Friesian. Direct DNA sequencing revealed the presence of an A-to-G substitution in intron 3 of the FADS2 gene (rs209202414). Both populations were genotyped with an appropriate PCR-RFLP assay. The following genotype distributions were observed: for Jerseys, AA = 0.24, AG = 0.63, and GG = 0.13; for Polish Holstein-Friesians, AA = 0.17, AG = 0.40, and GG = 0.43. In Jerseys, statistically significant relationships were found between the FASD2 genotypes and the following milk fatty acids: lauric (P=0.0486), behenic (P=0.0199), lignoceric (P=0.0209), oleic (P=0.0386), eicosatrienoic (P=0.0113), and docosadienoic (P=0.0181). In Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, significant associations were observed for erucic (P=0.0460) and docosahexaenoic (P=0.0469) acids. The study indicated the A-to-G substitution (rs209202414) in the bovine FADS2 gene as a potential genetic marker for fatty acid composition in cattle milk.

scholarly journals Der Einfluss der Fütterung auf die Zusammensetzung des intra-muskulären Fettes des <i>Musculus longissimus</i> und verschiedener Fettdepots von Jungbullen der Rassen Ungarisches Grauvieh und Holstein Friesian – 1. Mitteilung: Fettsäurezusammensetzung

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-546
Author(s):  
G. Holló ◽  
K. Nuernberg ◽  
I. Repa ◽  
I. Holló ◽  
J. Seregi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of feeding on the composition of the intramuscular fat in longissimus muscle and different fatty tissues of Hungarian Grey and Holstein Friesian bulls. 1. Fatty acid profile The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of nutrition, genotype and nutrition x genotype interaction on the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat from longissimus dorsi muscle and different fat deposits using Hungarian Grey cattle bulls (HG) in comparison to Holstein Friesian bulls (HF) kept under extensive and intensive conditions. The extensive group was kept on pasture and was fed a concentrate supplemented with linseed meal in the last month of the trial. The extensive diet influenced the linoleic and linolenic acid ratio and the CLA content of longissimus muscle more advantageous concerning human nutrition. The meat from HG contained more CLA and less n-6 fatty acids also in case of the intensive diet than that of HF bulls. In the fat deposits from HF the PUFA mainly the linoleic acid was in a significant higher proportion available, however in the fat deposits of HG was the percentage of linol- and linolenic acid favourable. The extensive nutrition resulted in a lower linoleic acid and a higher linolenic acid content in both breeds and all three fat deposits. The PUFA content in the fat samples was altered contrary in both analysed breeds because of the different diet. In case of the extensive UG was the PUFA higher in all three fat deposits. In conclusion, the fatty acid composition of beef can be modified favourably by extensive feeding and concentrate which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, however the beef of Hungarian Grey has a more wholesome influence on human health, than that of Holstein-Friesian bulls.

INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE PRODUCTION OF LIPIDS BY SUBMERGED CULTURES OF THE MUSHROOM TRICHOLOMA NUDUM: I. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NEUTRAL LIPIDS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Leegwater ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Submerged Cultures

The production of neutral lipids and phospholipids by submerged cultures of the mushroom Tricholoma nudum, as well as the fatty acid composition of these two fractions, was studied as a function of time. The bulk of the neutral lipids was produced after 2 days when the organism appeared to be in a non-proliferative phase. The major fatty acids of the neutral lipids were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid (23–35% each); stearic acid was a minor component (8–13%); myristic, palmitoleic, and linolenic acid were present in small amounts (0.5–4.8%). The major fatty acid of the phospholipids was linoleic acid (55–70%); palmitic (15–19%), stearic (1.8–4.6%), and oleic (7–19%) acid were minor components; myristic, palmitoleic, and linolenic (0–2.3%) were present in small amounts. Linolenic acid was a major fatty acid (26–30%) only in the early stages of growth.A preliminary investigation was carried out with a 4-day-old culture to establish the identity of the various components of the neutral lipids and phospholipids. The neutral lipids were mainly triglycerides (92%). Small amounts of ergosterol esters (1%), free fatty acids (< 1%), ergosterol (1.7%), and unidentified non-saponifiable compounds were also present. The phospholipids contained phosphatidyl choline (59%) as the major component; phosphatidyl ethanolamine (26%), phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidic acid (7.8%), and an inositol containing phospholipid were minor components.Some of the techniques applied were specially developed for the present type of studies and are described in detail.

scholarly journals A novel polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor encoding gene (OXTR) affects milk fatty acid composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Cosenza ◽  
Nicolò P P Macciotta ◽  
Anna Nudda ◽  
Angelo Coletta ◽  
Luigi Ramunno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Mediterranean River

The oxytocin receptor, also known as OXTR, is a protein which functions as receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin and the complex oxytocin–oxytocin receptor plays an important role in the uterus during calving. A characterisation of the river buffalo OXTR gene, amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis is presented. The DNA regions of the OXTR gene spanning exons 1, 2 and 3 of ten Mediterranean river buffalo DNA samples were analysed and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found. We focused on the g.129C > T SNP detected in exon 3 and responsible for the amino acid replacement CGCArg > TGCCys in position 353. The relative frequency of T allele was of 0·257. An association study between this detected polymorphism and milk fatty acids composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo was carried out. The fatty acid composition traits, fatty acid classes and fat percentage of 306 individual milk samples were determined. Associations between OXTR g.129C > T genotype and milk fatty acids composition were tested using a mixed linear model. The OXTR CC genotype was found significantly associated with higher contents of odd branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) (P < 0·0006), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA n 3 and n 6) (P < 0·0032 and P < 0·0006, respectively), stearic acid (C18) (P < 0·02) and lower level of palmitic acid (C16) (P < 0·02). The results of this study suggest that the OXTR CC animals might be useful in selection toward the improvement of milk fatty acid composition.

INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE PRODUCTION OF LIPIDS BY SUBMERGED CULTURES OF THE MUSHROOM TRICHOLOMA NUDUM: I. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NEUTRAL LIPIDS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Leegwater ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Submerged Cultures

The production of neutral lipids and phospholipids by submerged cultures of the mushroom Tricholoma nudum, as well as the fatty acid composition of these two fractions, was studied as a function of time. The bulk of the neutral lipids was produced after 2 days when the organism appeared to be in a non-proliferative phase. The major fatty acids of the neutral lipids were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid (23–35% each); stearic acid was a minor component (8–13%); myristic, palmitoleic, and linolenic acid were present in small amounts (0.5–4.8%). The major fatty acid of the phospholipids was linoleic acid (55–70%); palmitic (15–19%), stearic (1.8–4.6%), and oleic (7–19%) acid were minor components; myristic, palmitoleic, and linolenic (0–2.3%) were present in small amounts. Linolenic acid was a major fatty acid (26–30%) only in the early stages of growth.A preliminary investigation was carried out with a 4-day-old culture to establish the identity of the various components of the neutral lipids and phospholipids. The neutral lipids were mainly triglycerides (92%). Small amounts of ergosterol esters (1%), free fatty acids (< 1%), ergosterol (1.7%), and unidentified non-saponifiable compounds were also present. The phospholipids contained phosphatidyl choline (59%) as the major component; phosphatidyl ethanolamine (26%), phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidic acid (7.8%), and an inositol containing phospholipid were minor components.Some of the techniques applied were specially developed for the present type of studies and are described in detail.

scholarly journals Analyse der Fettsäurenzusammensetzung des Rohfettes von Prüffutter für Schweine (Kurzmitteilung)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
S. Müller ◽  
W. Reichardt ◽  
H. Hartung ◽  
B. Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Paper Analysis

Abstract. Title of the paper: Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the raw fat from the feed of pigs which are examined to her performance (short communication) The raw fat of 14 examining feeds from 13 German performance testing centres for pigs was extracted 2001 and analysed for the fatty acid composition by means of gas chromatography. Besides a great variation of the raw fat content (s % = 42) was to state that with 14.4 g/kg feed on average the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was high. Examinations of the raw fat of wheat, rye and barley showed that the high proportions in linoleic and linolenic acid are brought in the fattening rations primarily by the cereal components. A limitation of the PUFA proportions below 15 g/kg feed therefore doesn't seem to be practicable in the examining feed of performance testing centres for pigs. The additional variation in the fatty acid composition of examining feeds caused by added fats or oils should however be limited according to a better standardization.

scholarly journals (174) Determination of Fatty Acid Composition in 120 Korean Native Rice Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082D-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Shim Cho ◽  
Hyun-Ju Kim ◽  
Jae-Ho Lee ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kang ◽  
Young-Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Fatty acid is known as a physiologically active compound, and its composition in rice may affect human health in countries where rice is the major diet. The fatty acid composition in brown rice of 120 Korean native cultivars was determined by one-step extraction/methylation method and GC. The average composition of 9 detectable fatty acids in tested rice cultivars were as followings: myristic acid; 0.6%, palmitic acid; 21.2%, stearic acid; 1.8%, oleic acid; 36.5%, linoleic acid; 36.3%, linolenic acid; 1.7%, arachidic acid; 0.5%, behenic acid; 0.4%, and lignoceric acid; 0.9%. Major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid, which composed around 94%. The rice cultivar with the highest linolenic acid was cv. Jonajo (2.1%), and cvs. Pochoenjangmebye and Sandudo showed the highest composition of palmitic (23.4%) and oleic acid (44.8%), respectively. Cultivar Pochuenjangmebye exhitibed the highest composition of saturated fatty acid (28.1%), while cvs. Sandudo and Modo showed the highest mono-unsaturated (44.8%) and poly-unsaturated (42.4%) fatty acid composition, respectively. The oleic acid showed negative correlation with palmitic and linoleic acid, while positive correlation between behenic and lignoceric acids was observed.

scholarly journals Infant intake of fatty acids from human milk over the first year of lactation

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon R. Mitoulas ◽  
Lyle C. Gurrin ◽  
Dorota A. Doherty ◽  
Jillian L. Sherriff ◽  
Peter E. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Despite the importance of human milk fatty acids for infant growth and development, there are few reports describing infant intakes of individual fatty acids. We have measured volume, fat content and fatty acid composition of milk from each breast at each feed over a 24h period to determine the mean daily amounts of each fatty acid delivered to the infant from breast milk at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of lactation in five women. Daily (24h) milk production was 336·60 (sem 26·21) and 414·49 (sem 28·39) ml and milk fat content was 36·06 (sem 1·37) and 34·97 (sem 1·50) g/l for left and right breasts respectively over the course of the first year of lactation. Fatty acid composition varied over the course of the day (mean CV 14·3 (sd 7·7) %), but did not follow a circadian rhythm. The proportions (g/100g total fatty acids) of fatty acids differed significantly between mothers (P<0·05) and over the first year of lactation (P<0·05). However, amounts (g) of most fatty acids delivered to the infant over 24h did not differ during the first year of lactation and only the amounts of 18:3n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 delivered differed between mothers (P<0·05). Mean amounts of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 delivered to the infant per 24h over the first year of lactation were 2·380 (sd 0·980), 0·194 (sd 0·074), 0·093 (sd 0·031) and 0·049 (sd 0·021) g respectively. These results suggest that variation in proportions of fatty acids may not translate to variation in the amount delivered and that milk production and fat content need to be considered.

Fatty acid composition of milk fat from three breeds of dairy cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DePeters ◽  
J. F. Medrano ◽  
B. A. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Brown Swiss

The proportion of MCFA in milk fat was lowest for Holstein, highest for Jersey, and intermediate for Brown Swiss cows. Proportions of SCFA (C4:0 to C8:0) and LCFA (> 18 C) did not differ among breeds. Differences in fatty acid composition among breeds were small, but could contribute to differences in manufacturing properties of milk fat. Key words: Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, milk fatty acids

Lipolysis and biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acid in vitro: comparison of linseed products and grass

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 169-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Chow ◽  
V. Fievez ◽  
K. Raes ◽  
D. Demeyer ◽  
S. de Smet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Nutritional Guidelines

With respect to human health, nutritional guidelines emphasise on increasing the ratio poly-unsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/S) (> 0.7) and reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio (< 5). Beef is generally characterised by a low P/S ratio (0.1), while the n-6/n-3 ratio may vary between 2 and 10 depending on the feeding strategy. Hence, the provision of n-3 fatty acids by the diet is crucial for optimising the fatty acid composition of meat. However, PUFA are hydrolysed and subsequently hydrogenated in the rumen to more saturated fatty acids and intermediates that are absorbed from the intestinal tract and transported to the tissues. Lipolysis and hydrogenation may thus affect the meat fatty acid composition. For ruminants, important sources of linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) are linseed and fresh grass. Prior to use in animal nutrition, linseed needs physical treatment like extrusion or crushing. The aim of the present in vitro experiment was to study lipolysis and biohydrogenation of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) and C18:3n-3 in fresh grass and extruded or crushed linseed products.

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