scholarly journals A novel polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor encoding gene (OXTR) affects milk fatty acid composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Cosenza ◽  
Nicolò P P Macciotta ◽  
Anna Nudda ◽  
Angelo Coletta ◽  
Luigi Ramunno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Mediterranean River

The oxytocin receptor, also known as OXTR, is a protein which functions as receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin and the complex oxytocin–oxytocin receptor plays an important role in the uterus during calving. A characterisation of the river buffalo OXTR gene, amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis is presented. The DNA regions of the OXTR gene spanning exons 1, 2 and 3 of ten Mediterranean river buffalo DNA samples were analysed and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found. We focused on the g.129C > T SNP detected in exon 3 and responsible for the amino acid replacement CGCArg > TGCCys in position 353. The relative frequency of T allele was of 0·257. An association study between this detected polymorphism and milk fatty acids composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo was carried out. The fatty acid composition traits, fatty acid classes and fat percentage of 306 individual milk samples were determined. Associations between OXTR g.129C > T genotype and milk fatty acids composition were tested using a mixed linear model. The OXTR CC genotype was found significantly associated with higher contents of odd branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) (P < 0·0006), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA n 3 and n 6) (P < 0·0032 and P < 0·0006, respectively), stearic acid (C18) (P < 0·02) and lower level of palmitic acid (C16) (P < 0·02). The results of this study suggest that the OXTR CC animals might be useful in selection toward the improvement of milk fatty acid composition.

scholarly journals Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with Dietary, Genetic, Sociodemographic and Environmental Factors in the CHILD Cohort (P08-114-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozeta Miliku ◽  
Qing Ling Duan ◽  
Theo J Moraes ◽  
Allan B Becker ◽  
Puishkumar Mandhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns

Abstract Objectives Human milk fatty acids impact infant growth and development, and their composition is highly variable. We aimed to characterize milk fatty acid composition in a large pregnancy cohort and identify factors that influence their variability. Methods Among 1094 mothers from the CHILD cohort, we analyzed milk collected at 3–4 months postpartum. Fatty acids were measured by high-resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Individual fatty acids, total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), n3 and n6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA and n6-PUFA) were analyzed as standard deviation scores and using principal components analysis (PCA). Maternal diet, sociodemographic, health and environmental factors were self-reported. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed in genes encoding fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1 rs174556) and FADS2 (rs174575). Results Using PCA, we identified four milk fatty acid patterns: ‘MUFA and low SFA’, ‘high n6-PUFA’, ‘high n3-PUFA’ and ‘high medium-chain fatty acids’. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, fish oil supplementation and fatty cold water fish intake were positively associated with docosohexanoic acid and the “high-n3-PUFA” pattern. Mothers carrying the minor allele of FADS1 rs174556 (C > T) had lower proportions of arachidonic acid (ARA). Independent of dietary and genetic factors, Asian ethnicity was associated with higher linoleic acid and total n3-PUFA. Ethnic differences in ARA were explained by the FADS1 genotype. Maternal obesity was independently associated with higher total SFA and ‘high medium-chain fatty acid’ pattern, and lower total MUFA. Lactation stage, season, study site, and maternal education were also independently associated with some milk fatty acids. No associations were observed for maternal age, parity, smoking, delivery mode, or infant sex. Conclusions These results suggest that a combination of diet, genetics, sociodemographic, health and environmental factors influence human milk fatty acid patterns. Together, these factors explained about 25% of the variation observed in n3-PUFAs and n6-PUFAs and about 10% of the variation observed in SFAs and MUFAs. Implications of these findings for maternal and infant health requires further research. Funding Sources Manitoba Medical Service Foundation; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; CIHR; AllerGen.

scholarly journals Changes in Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition during Lactation: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda P. Siziba ◽  
Leonie Lorenz ◽  
Bernd Stahl ◽  
Marko Mank ◽  
Tamas Marosvölgyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Log Ratio ◽  
Over Time

The lipid fraction of human milk provides the infant with the fatty acids that are necessary for optimal growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acid composition of human milk at three time points during lactation and its change over time using appropriate statistical methods. Human milk samples from breastfeeding mothers at 6 weeks (n = 706), 6 months (n = 483), and 12 months (n = 81 with all three time points) were analyzed. Centered log-ratio (clr) transformation was applied to the fatty acid data. Principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized linear model-based repeated measure analysis were used to assess changes over time. The total lipid content was significantly higher at 6 months (β = 0.199, p < 0.029) and 12 months of lactation (β = 0.421, p < 0.001). The constituents of C20:3n-6 and C20:3n-3 were lower at 6 months (p < 0.001). Four distinct sub-compositional fatty acid groups were only identified at 12 months of lactation. The inclusion of small fatty acids of small constituent size in the analysis resulted in a shift in the balance between fatty acid constituents. Human milk fatty acid composition during prolonged lactation is different from that of human milk during a short duration of lactation. Our findings support the hypothesis that a combination of multiple fatty acids is important in fatty acid profiling beyond the presentation of individual fatty acids. Furthermore, the high variability of small fatty acids warrants attention because a compositional analysis may show more pronounced changes.

Effect of forage conservation method, concentrate level and propylene glycol on the fatty acid composition and vitamin content of cows' milk

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Shingfield ◽  
Pirjo Salo-Väänänen ◽  
Eero Pahkala ◽  
Vesa Toivonen ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Conservation Method

Based on potential health benefits, there is a need to develop effective strategies for enhancing milk fat concentrations of cis-9 18[ratio ]1, 18[ratio ]3 n-3 and conjugated linoleic (CLA) content in milk without compromising the sensory or storage characteristics of processed milk or dairy products. Sixteen Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows were used in a cyclic change-over experiment with four 21-d experimental periods and a 4×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effects of forage conservation method, concentrate level and supplements of propylene glycol (PG), and their interactions on milk fatty acid composition and vitamin content. Experimental treatments consisted of four conserved forages offered ad libitum, supplemented with two levels of a standard concentrate (7 or 10 kg/d) and PG (0 and 210 g/d) fed as three equal meals. Primary growths of timothy and meadow fescue sward were conserved by ensiling with none (NA), an inoculant enzyme preparation (IE) or a formic acid based (FORM) additive or as hay 1 week later. Conservation of grass by drying rather than ensiling resulted in lower forage 18[ratio ]2n-6, 18[ratio ]3n-3, total fatty acid and fat-soluble vitamin concentrations. In spite of lower intakes, milk fat 18[ratio ]2n-6 and 18[ratio ]3n-3 content was higher (P<0·05) for hay than for silage diets (12·1, 9·6, 9·6 and 9·3 and 5·00, 3·51, 4·27 and 2·93 g/kg total fatty acids, for hay, NA, IE and FORM silages, respectively). Forage conservation method had no clear effects on milk trans 18[ratio ]1 or CLA content. Compared with silage, hay diets resulted in milk containing lower (P<0·001) riboflavin, α-tocopherol and β-carotene concentrations, but had no effect on ascorbic acid, thiamine, pyridoxine or retinol content. Feeding more concentrates had no effect on milk fatty acid composition or milk vitamin content, other than lowering (P<0·001) 16[ratio ]0 concentrations from 348 to 338 g/kg fatty acids. Supplements of PG led to small (P<0·05) increases in milk 13[ratio ]0 anteiso and 15[ratio ]0 content from 1·06 and 11·3 to 1·22 and 12·6 g/kg fatty acids and reduced (P<0·05) the concentrations of ascorbic acid (16·1 v. 15·1 g/kg milk).

Comparison of Composition and Structure of Palm Oil with Lard

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Xi Wu ◽  
Rui Xin Liu ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Composition And Structure

In order to confirm the substitutability of palm oil for lard, the fatty acid composition and their distribution at the Sn-2 position of triglycerides in three kinds of palm oil products and five kinds of lard products were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. Palm oil has similar saturated fatty acids composition (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2) with lard, and has slightly lower unsaturated fatty acids content than lard. The Sn-2 position of palm oil is mainly distributed with unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1, C18:2), while the Sn-2 position of lard is mainly distributed with saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0), which is maybe the cause why palm oil is easier to be digested and absorbed than lard.

The effect of duration of feeding oilseeds to dairy cows on the persistency of response in milk fatty acid composition

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
D. I. Givens ◽  
C. Rymer ◽  
A.R. Moss ◽  
R. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Diet

There is much interest in the manipulation of the fatty acid composition of milk fat so as to improve its health characteristics in the human diet. In an earlier study there was an indication that the concentration of fatty acids in milk may change with time when feeding whole oilseeds rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In particular a tendency for an increase in CLA and C18:1 and a reduction in C18:2 and C18:3 concentrations with time were seen. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the changes in the fatty acid composition of milk from high yielding dairy cows fed diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or PUFA over an extended period.

Effect of forage type and proportion of concentrate in the diet on milk fatty acid composition in cows given sunflower oil and fish oil

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Shingfield ◽  
C. K. Reynolds ◽  
B. Lupoli ◽  
V. Toivonen ◽  
M. P. Yurawecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Type

AbstractBased on the potential benefits ofcis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for human health there is a need to develop effective strategies for enhancing milk fat CLA concentrations. In this experiment, the effect of forage type and level of concentrate in the diet on milk fatty acid composition was examined in cows given a mixture of fish oil and sunflower oil. Four late lactation Holstein-British Friesian cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and 21-day experimental periods. Treatments consisted of grass (G) or maize (M) silage supplemented with low (L) or high (H) levels of concentrates (65 : 35 and 35 : 65; forage : concentrate ratio, on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively) offered as a total mixed ration at a restricted level of intake (20 kg DM per day). Lipid supplements (30 g/kg DM) containing fish oil and sunflower oil (2 : 3 w/w) were offered during the last 14 days of each experimental period. Treatments had no effect on total DM intake, milk yield, milk constituent output or milk fat content, but milk protein concentrations were lower (P< 0.05) for G than M diets (mean 43.0 and 47.3 g/kg, respectively). Compared with grass silage, milk fat contained higher (P< 0.05) amounts of C12:0, C14:0, trans C18:1and long chain ≥ C20 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lower (P< 0.05) levels of C18:0and trans C18:2when maize silage was offered. Increases in the proportion of concentrate in the diet elevated (P< 0.05) C18:2(n-6) and long chain ≥ C20 (n-3) PUFA content, but reduced (P< 0.05) the amount of C18:3(n-3). Concentrations oftrans-11 C18:1in milk were independent of forage type, but tended (P< 0.10) to be lower for high concentrate diets (mean 7.2 and 4.0 g/100 g fatty acids, for L and H respectively). Concentrations oftrans-10 C18:1were higher (P< 0.05) in milk from maize compared with grass silage (mean 10.3 and 4.1 g/100 g fatty acids, respectively) and increased in response to high levels of concentrates in the diet (mean 4.1 and 10.3 g/100 g fatty acids, for L and H, respectively). Forage type had no effect (P> 0.05) on total milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (2.7 and 2.8 g/100 g fatty acids, for M and G, respectively) orcis-9,trans-11 CLA content (2.2 and 2.4 g/100 g fatty acids). Feeding high concentrate diets tended (P< 0.10) to decrease total CLA (3.3 and 2.2 g/100 g fatty acids, for L and H, respectively) andcis-9,trans-11 CLA (2.9 and 1.7 g/100 g fatty acids) concentrations and increase milktrans-9,cis-11 CLA andtrans-10,cis-12 CLA content. In conclusion, the basal diet is an important determinant of milk fatty acid composition when a supplement of fish oil and sunflower oil is given.

scholarly journals Infant intake of fatty acids from human milk over the first year of lactation

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon R. Mitoulas ◽  
Lyle C. Gurrin ◽  
Dorota A. Doherty ◽  
Jillian L. Sherriff ◽  
Peter E. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Despite the importance of human milk fatty acids for infant growth and development, there are few reports describing infant intakes of individual fatty acids. We have measured volume, fat content and fatty acid composition of milk from each breast at each feed over a 24h period to determine the mean daily amounts of each fatty acid delivered to the infant from breast milk at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of lactation in five women. Daily (24h) milk production was 336·60 (sem 26·21) and 414·49 (sem 28·39) ml and milk fat content was 36·06 (sem 1·37) and 34·97 (sem 1·50) g/l for left and right breasts respectively over the course of the first year of lactation. Fatty acid composition varied over the course of the day (mean CV 14·3 (sd 7·7) %), but did not follow a circadian rhythm. The proportions (g/100g total fatty acids) of fatty acids differed significantly between mothers (P<0·05) and over the first year of lactation (P<0·05). However, amounts (g) of most fatty acids delivered to the infant over 24h did not differ during the first year of lactation and only the amounts of 18:3n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 delivered differed between mothers (P<0·05). Mean amounts of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 delivered to the infant per 24h over the first year of lactation were 2·380 (sd 0·980), 0·194 (sd 0·074), 0·093 (sd 0·031) and 0·049 (sd 0·021) g respectively. These results suggest that variation in proportions of fatty acids may not translate to variation in the amount delivered and that milk production and fat content need to be considered.

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