scholarly journals Mercury emissions of a coal fired power plant in Germany

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Weigelt ◽  
Franz Slemr ◽  
Ralf Ebinghaus ◽  
Nicola Pirrone ◽  
Johannes Bieser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Current Emission ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. Hg/SO2, Hg/CO, NOx/SO2 emission ratios (ERs) in the plume of coal fired power plant (CFPP) Lippendorf near Leipzig in Germany were determined within the European Tropospheric Mercury Experiment (ETMEP) aircraft campaign in August 2013. GOM fraction of mercury emissions was also assessed. Measured Hg/SO2 and Hg/CO ERs were within the measurement uncertainties consistent with the ratios calculated from annual emissions in 2013 reported by the CFPP operator, the NOx/SO2 ER was somewhat lower. GOM fraction of total mercury emissions, estimated by three independent methods, was ~10 % with an upper limit of ~25 %. This result is consistent with findings by others and suggests that GOM fractions of ~40 % of CFPP mercury emissions in current emission inventories are overestimated.

scholarly journals Mercury emissions of a coal-fired power plant in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 13653-13668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Weigelt ◽  
Franz Slemr ◽  
Ralf Ebinghaus ◽  
Nicola Pirrone ◽  
Johannes Bieser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Current Emission ◽  
Emission Ratios ◽  
Gaseous Oxidized Mercury

Abstract. Hg ∕ SO2, Hg ∕ CO, NOx ∕ SO2 (NOx being the sum of NO and NO2) emission ratios (ERs) in the plume of the coal-fired power plant (CFPP), Lippendorf, near Leipzig, Germany, were determined within the European Tropospheric Mercury Experiment (ETMEP) aircraft campaign in August 2013. The gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) fraction of mercury emissions was also assessed. Measured Hg ∕ SO2 and Hg ∕ CO ERs were within the measurement uncertainties consistent with the ratios calculated from annual emissions in 2013 reported by the CFPP operator, while the NOx ∕ SO2 ER was somewhat lower. The GOM fraction of total mercury emissions, estimated using three independent methods, was below ∼ 25 %. This result is consistent with other findings and suggests that GOM fractions of ∼ 40 % of CFPP mercury emissions in current emission inventories are overestimated.

scholarly journals Emissions of mercury in southern Africa derived from long-term observations at Cape Point, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 7465-7474 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-G. Brunke ◽  
R. Ebinghaus ◽  
H. H. Kock ◽  
C. Labuschagne ◽  
F. Slemr
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Co Emission ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. Mercury emissions in South Africa have so far been estimated only by a bottom-up approach from activities and emission factors for different processes. In this paper we derive GEM/CO (GEM being gaseous elemental mercury, Hg0), GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios from plumes observed during long-term monitoring of these species at Cape Point between March 2007 and December 2009. The average observed GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios were 2.40 ± 2.65 pg m−3 ppb−1 (n = 47), 62.7 ± 80.2 pg m−3 ppm−1 (n = 44), 3.61 ± 4.66 pg m−3 ppb−1 (n = 46), 35.6 ± 25.4 ppb ppm−1 (n = 52), 20.2 ± 15.5 ppb ppm−1 (n = 48), and 0.876 ± 1.106 ppb ppb−1 (n = 42), respectively. The observed CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios agree within the combined uncertainties of the observations and emissions with the ratios calculated from EDGAR (version 4.2) CO2, CO, and CH4 inventories for South Africa and southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique) in 2007 and 2008 (inventories for 2009 are not available yet). Total elemental mercury emission of 13.1, 15.2, and 16.1 t Hg yr−1 are estimated independently using the GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 emission ratios and the annual mean CO, CO2, and CH4 emissions, respectively, of South Africa in 2007 and 2008. The average of these independent estimates of 14.8 t GEM yr−1 is much less than the total emission of 257 t Hg yr−1 shown by older inventories which are now considered to be wrong. Considering the uncertainties of our emission estimate, of the emission inventories, and the fact that emission of GEM represents 50–78 % of all mercury emissions, our estimate is comparable to the currently cited GEM emissions in 2004 and somewhat smaller than emissions in 2006. A further increase of mercury emissions due to increasing electricity consumption will lead to a more pronounced difference. A quantitative assessment of the difference and its significance, however, will require emission inventories for the years of observations (2007–2009) as well as better data on the speciation of the total mercury emissions in South Africa.

Estimate of Mercury Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Station in China during the "Twelfth Five-Year"

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Fang Ming Xue ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Si Qi Hao ◽  
Yuan Shao
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Input And Output

The input and output amount of the total mercury in coal-fired power stations was calculated in the year of 2010 and 2015. By 2015 the emissions of mercury discharged from coal-fired power plant to the atmosphere will reduce, the mercury contented in the solid waste will increase, and the amount of mercury in the waste water will be flat compared with the year of 2010.

scholarly journals Estimating CO2 Emissions from Large Scale Coal-Fired Power Plants Using OCO-2 Observations and Emission Inventories

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Yaqin Hu ◽  
Yusheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Bottom Up

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased rapidly worldwide, aggravating the global greenhouse effect, and coal-fired power plants are one of the biggest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions in China. However, efficient methods that can quantify CO2 emissions from individual coal-fired power plants with high accuracy are needed. In this study, we estimated the CO2 emissions of large-scale coal-fired power plants using Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite data based on remote sensing inversions and bottom-up methods. First, we mapped the distribution of coal-fired power plants, displaying the total installed capacity, and identified two appropriate targets, the Waigaoqiao and Qinbei power plants in Shanghai and Henan, respectively. Then, an improved Gaussian plume model method was applied for CO2 emission estimations, with input parameters including the geographic coordinates of point sources, wind vectors from the atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate, and OCO-2 observations. The application of the Gaussian model was improved by using wind data with higher temporal and spatial resolutions, employing the physically based unit conversion method, and interpolating OCO-2 observations into different resolutions. Consequently, CO2 emissions were estimated to be 23.06 ± 2.82 (95% CI) Mt/yr using the Gaussian model and 16.28 Mt/yr using the bottom-up method for the Waigaoqiao Power Plant, and 14.58 ± 3.37 (95% CI) and 14.08 Mt/yr for the Qinbei Power Plant, respectively. These estimates were compared with three standard databases for validation: the Carbon Monitoring for Action database, the China coal-fired Power Plant Emissions Database, and the Carbon Brief database. The comparison found that previous emission inventories spanning different time frames might have overestimated the CO2 emissions of one of two Chinese power plants on the two days that the measurements were made. Our study contributes to quantifying CO2 emissions from point sources and helps in advancing satellite-based monitoring techniques of emission sources in the future; this helps in reducing errors due to human intervention in bottom-up statistical methods.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mercury Emissions in USA and China-The Way of Effective Control of Hg from the Power Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyi Chen Xiaolong Wang ◽  
Li Zhong Shisen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals Modelling constraints on the emission inventory and on vertical dispersion for CO and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using Solar FTIR and zenith sky UV spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. de Foy ◽  
W. Lei ◽  
M. Zavala ◽  
R. Volkamer ◽  
J. Samuelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Vertical Dispersion ◽  
Current Emission

Abstract. Emissions of air pollutants in and around urban areas lead to negative health impacts on the population. To estimate these impacts, it is important to know the sources and transport mechanisms of the pollutants accurately. Mexico City has a large urban fleet in a topographically constrained basin leading to high levels of carbon monoxide (CO). Large point sources of sulfur dioxide (SO2) surrounding the basin lead to episodes with high concentrations. An Eulerian grid model (CAMx) and a particle trajectory model (FLEXPART) are used to evaluate the estimates of CO and SO2 in the current emission inventory using mesoscale meteorological simulations from MM5. Vertical column measurements of CO are used to constrain the total amount of emitted CO in the model and to identify the most appropriate vertical dispersion scheme. Zenith sky UV spectroscopy is used to estimate the emissions of SO2 from a large power plant and the Popocatépetl volcano. Results suggest that the models are able to identify correctly large point sources and that both the power plant and the volcano impact the MCMA. Modelled concentrations of CO based on the current emission inventory match observations suggesting that the current total emissions estimate is correct. Possible adjustments to the spatial and temporal distribution can be inferred from model results. Accurate source and dispersion modelling provides feedback for development of the emission inventory, verification of transport processes in air quality models and guidance for policy decisions.

scholarly journals Quantifying burning efficiency in Megacities using NO<sub>2</sub> / CO ratio from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijana Lama ◽  
Sander Houweling ◽  
K. Folkert Boersma ◽  
Ilse Aben ◽  
Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Local Enhancement ◽  
Emission Ratio ◽  
Rotation Methods ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. This study investigates the use of co-located NO2 and CO retrievals from the TROPOMI satellite to improve the quantification of burning efficiency and emission factors over the mega-cities of Tehran, Mexico City, Cairo, Riyadh, Lahore and Los Angeles. Local enhancement of CO and NO2 above megacities are well captured by TROPOMI at relatively short averaging times. In this study, the Upwind Background and Plume rotation methods are used to investigate the accuracy of satellite derived ∆NO2 / ∆CO ratios. The column enhancement ratios derived using these two methods vary by 5 to 30 % across the selected megacities. TROPOMI derived column enhancement ratios are compared with emission ratios from the EDGAR v4.3.2 and MACCity, 2018 emission inventories. TROPOMI correlates strongly (r = 0.85 and 0.7) with EDGAR and MACCity showing the highest emission ratio for Riyadh and lowest for Lahore. However, inventory derived emission ratios are higher by 60 to 80 % compared to TROPOMI column enhancement ratios across the six megacities. The short lifetime of NO2 and different vertical sensitivity of TROPOMI NO2 and CO explain most of this difference. We present a method to translate TROPOMI retrieved column enhancement ratios into corresponding emission ratio, accounting for these influences. Except for Los Angeles, TROPOMI derived emission ratios are close (within 10 to 25 %) to MACCity. For EDGAR, however, emission ratios are higher by ~80 % for Cairo, 30 to 45 % for Riyadh and ~70 % for Los Angeles. The air quality monitoring networks in Los Angeles and Mexico City are used to validate the use of TROPOMI. Over Mexico City, these measurements are consistent with TROPOMI, EDGAR and MACCIty derived emission ratios. For Los Angeles, however, EDGAR and MACCity are higher by a factor 5 compared to TROPOMI. The ground-based measurements are consistent with a poorer burning efficiency in Los Angeles as inferred from TROPOMI, demonstrating its potential to monitor burning efficiency.

scholarly journals A temporally and spatially resolved validation of emission inventories by measurements of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 5871-5891 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wang ◽  
M. Shao ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
B. Yuan ◽  
S. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Current Emission ◽  
Ambient Measurements

Abstract. Understanding the sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential for ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) abatement measures. We made VOC measurements at 27 sites and online observations at an urban site in Beijing from July 2009 to January 2012. Based on these measurement data, we determined the spatial and temporal distribution of VOCs, estimated their annual emission strengths based on their emission ratios relative to carbon monoxide (CO), and quantified the relative contributions of various sources using the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. These results from ambient measurements were compared with existing emission inventories to evaluate the spatial distribution, species-specific emissions, and source structure of VOCs in Beijing. The measured VOC distributions revealed a hotspot in the southern suburban area of Beijing, whereas current emission inventories suggested that VOC emissions were concentrated in downtown areas. Compared with results derived from ambient measurements, the annual inventoried emissions of oxygenated VOC (OVOC) species and C2–C4 alkanes may be underestimated, while the emissions of styrene and 1,3-butadiene may be overestimated by current inventories. Source apportionment using the CMB model identified vehicular exhaust as the most important VOC source, with the relative contribution of 49%, in good agreement with the 40–51% estimated by emission inventories. The relative contribution of paint and solvent utilization obtained from the CMB model was 14%, significantly lower than the value of 32% reported by one existing inventory. Meanwhile, the relative contribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) usage calculated using the CMB model was 6%, whereas LPG usage contribution was not reported by current emission inventories. These results suggested that VOC emission strengths in southern suburban area of Beijing, annual emissions of C2–C4 alkanes, OVOCs and some alkenes, and the contributions of solvent and paint utilization and LPG usage in current inventories all require significant revisions.

Characteristics of Mercury Emissions from a Coal-fired Power Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. S175-S180
Author(s):  
Liu Qi-Zhen ◽  
Sun Yi ◽  
Bai Yong ◽  
Xu Xiao-Yu ◽  
Tian Ying-Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mercury Emissions

scholarly journals Correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO<sub>2</sub>, and GEM / CH<sub>4</sub> and estimated mercury emissions in China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia derived from observations in northwestern and southwestern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1013-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. W. Fu ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
C.-J. Lin ◽  
X. B. Feng ◽  
L. X. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Source Regions

Abstract. Correlation analyses between atmospheric mercury (Hg) and other trace gases are useful for identification of sources and constraining regional Hg emissions. Emissions of Hg in Asia contribute significantly to the global budget of atmospheric Hg. However, due to the lack of reliable data on the source strength, large uncertainties remain in the emission inventories of Hg in Asia. In the present study, we calculated the correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO2, and GEM / CH4 for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia using the ground-based observations at three remote sites in northwestern and southwestern China, and applied these values to estimate GEM emissions in the four source regions. The geometric mean GEM / CO correlation slopes for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia were 7.3 ± 4.3, 7.8 ± 6.4, 7.8 ± 5.0, and 13.4 ± 9.5 pg m−3 ppb−1, respectively, and values in the same source regions were 33.3 ± 30.4, 27.4 ± 31.0, 23.5 ± 15.3, and 20.5 ± 10.0 pg m−3 ppb−1 for the GEM / CH4 correlation slopes, respectively. The geometric means of GEM / CO2 correlation slopes for mainland China, South Asia, and Central Asia were 240 ± 119, 278 ± 164, 315 ± 289 pg m−3 ppm−1, respectively. These values were the first reported correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO2, and GEM / CH4 in four important source regions of Asia, not including the GEM / CO ratios in mainland China. The correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO2, and GEM / CH4 in Asia were relatively higher than those observed in Europe, North America, and South Africa, which may highlight GEM emissions from non-ferrous smelting, large-scale and artisanal mercury and gold production, natural sources, and historically deposited mercury (re-emission) in Asia. Using the observed GEM / CO and GEM / CO2 slopes, and the recently reported emission inventories of CO and CO2, the annual GEM emissions in mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia were estimated to be in the ranges of 1071–1187, 340–470, 125, and 54–90 t, respectively. The estimated quantity of GEM emissions from the GEM / CH4 correlation slopes is significantly larger, which may be due to the larger uncertainties in CH4 emissions in Asia as well as insufficient observations of GEM / CH4 correlation slopes, therefore leading to an overestimate of GEM emissions. Our estimates of GEM emissions in the four Asian regions were significantly higher (3–4 times) than the anthropogenic GEM emissions reported in recent studies. This discrepancy could come from a combination of reasons including underestimates of anthropogenic and natural GEM emissions; large uncertainties related to CO, CO2, and CH4 emission inventories; and inherent limitations of the correlation slope method.

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