scholarly journals Unusual stratospheric ozone anomalies observed in 22 years of measurements from Lauder, New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5241-5267
Author(s):  
G. E. Nedoluha ◽  
I. S. Boyd ◽  
A. Parrish ◽  
R. M. Gomez ◽  
D. R. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Anticyclonic Circulation ◽  
Latitude Band ◽  
Mixing Ratios

Abstract. The Microwave Ozone Profiling Instrument (MOPI1) has provided ozone (O3) profiles for the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) at Lauder, New Zealand, since 1992. We present the entire 22 year dataset and compare with satellite O3 observations. We will study in detail two particularly interesting variations in O3. The first is a large positive O3 anomaly which occurs in the mid-stratosphere at ~10–30 hPa in June 2001, and which is caused by an anticyclonic circulation that persists for several weeks over Lauder. We find that this O3 anomaly is associated with air with the highest June average tracer equivalent latitude (TrEL) over the 35 year period (1980–2014). A second, and longer-lived feature, is a positive O3 anomaly in the mid-stratosphere (~10 hPa) from mid-2009 until mid-2013. Coincident measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) show that these high O3 mixing ratios are well correlated with high nitrous oxide (N2O) mixing ratios. This correlation suggests that the high O3 over this 4 year period is driven by unusual dynamics. The beginning of the high O3 and high N2O period at Lauder (and throughout this latitude band) occurs nearly simultaneously with a~sharp decrease in O3 and N2O at the equator, and the period ends nearly simultaneously with a~sharp increase in O3 and N2O at the equator.

scholarly journals Unusual stratospheric ozone anomalies observed in 22 years of measurements from Lauder, New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 6817-6826 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Nedoluha ◽  
I. S. Boyd ◽  
A. Parrish ◽  
R. M. Gomez ◽  
D. R. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Anticyclonic Circulation ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract. The Microwave Ozone Profiling Instrument (MOPI1) has provided ozone (O3) profiles for the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) at Lauder, New Zealand (45.0° S, 169.7° E), since 1992. We present the entire 22-year data set and compare with satellite O3 observations. We study in detail two particularly interesting variations in O3. The first is a large positive O3 anomaly that occurs in the mid-stratosphere (~ 10–30 hPa) in June 2001, which is caused by an anticyclonic circulation that persists for several weeks over Lauder. This O3 anomaly is associated with the most equatorward June average tracer equivalent latitude (TrEL) over the 36-year period (1979–2014) for which the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis is available. A second, longer-lived feature, is a positive O3 anomaly in the mid-stratosphere (~ 10 hPa) from mid-2009 until mid-2013. Coincident measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) show that these high O3 mixing ratios are well correlated with high nitrous oxide (N2O) mixing ratios. This correlation suggests that the high O3 over this 4-year period is driven by unusual dynamics. The beginning of the high O3 and high N2O period at Lauder (and throughout this latitude band) occurs nearly simultaneously with a sharp decrease in O3 and N2O at the equator, and the period ends nearly simultaneously with a sharp increase in O3 and N2O at the equator.

scholarly journals An Intercomparison of Ground-Based Solar FTIR Measurements of Atmospheric Gases at Eureka, Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2028-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paton-Walsh ◽  
R. L. Mittermeier ◽  
W. Bell ◽  
H. Fast ◽  
N. B. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Error Bars ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Abstract The authors report the results of an intercomparison of vertical column amounts of hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric acid (HNO3), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen (N2) derived from the spectra recorded by two ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers operated side-by-side using the sun as a source. The procedure used to record spectra and derive vertical column amounts follows the format of previous instrument intercomparisons organized by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), formerly known as the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). For most gases the differences were typically around 3%, and in about half of the results the error bars given by the standard deviation of the measurements from each instrument did not overlap. The worst level of agreement was for HF where differences of over 5% were typical. The level of agreement achieved during this intercomparison is a little worse than that achieved in previous intercomparisons between ground-based FTIR spectrometers.

scholarly journals Stratospheric ozone depletion from future nitrous oxide increases

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 29447-29481
Author(s):  
W. Wang ◽  
W. Tian ◽  
S. Dhomse ◽  
F. Xie ◽  
J. Shu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Middle Stratosphere

Abstract. We have investigated the impact of assumed nitrous oxide (N2O) increases on stratospheric chemistry and dynamics by a series of idealized simulations. In a future cooler stratosphere the net yield of NOy from a changed N2O is known to decrease, but NOy can still be significantly increased by the increase of N2O. Results with a coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM) show that increases in N2O of 50%/100% between 2001 and 2050 result in more ozone destruction, causing a reduction in ozone mixing ratios of maximally 6%/10% in the middle stratosphere at around 10 hPa. This enhanced destruction could cause an ozone decline in the second half of this century in the middle stratosphere. However, the total ozone column still shows an increase in future decades, though the increase of 50%/100% in N2O caused a 2%/6% decrease in TCO compared with the reference simulation. N2O increases have significant effects on ozone trends at 20–10 hPa in the tropics and at northern high latitude, but have no significant effect on ozone trends in the Antarctic stratosphere. The ozone depletion potential for N2O in a future climate depends both on stratospheric temperature changes and tropospheric N2O changes, which have reversed effects on ozone in the middle and upper stratosphere. A 50% CO2 increase in conjunction with a 50% N2O increase cause significant ozone depletion in the middle stratosphere and lead to an increase of ozone in the upper stratosphere. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis and a series of sensitivity simulations, we find that the chemical effect of N2O increases dominates the ozone changes in the stratosphere while the dynamical and radiative effects of N2O increases are insignificant on average. However, the dynamical effect of N2O increases may cause large local changes in ozone mixing ratios, particularly, in the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere.

scholarly journals Validation and Trend Analysis of Stratospheric Ozone Data from Ground-Based Observations at Lauder, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Leonie Bernet ◽  
Ian Boyd ◽  
Gerald Nedoluha ◽  
Richard Querel ◽  
Daan Swart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Changes in stratospheric ozone have to be assessed continuously to evaluate the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol. In the southern hemisphere, few ground-based observational datasets exist, making measurements at the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) station at Lauder, New Zealand invaluable. Investigating these datasets in detail is essential to derive realistic ozone trends. We compared lidar data and microwave radiometer data with collocated Aura Microwave Limb sounder (MLS) satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis data. The detailed comparison makes it possible to assess inhomogeneities in the data. We find good agreement between the datasets but also some possible biases, especially in the ERA5 data. The data uncertainties and the inhomogeneities were then considered when deriving trends. Using two regression models from the Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere (LOTUS) project and from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), we estimated resulting ozone trends. Further, we assessed how trends are affected by data uncertainties and inhomogeneities. We find positive ozone trends throughout the stratosphere between 0% and 5% per decade and show that considering data uncertainties and inhomogeneities in the regression affects the resulting trends.

scholarly journals Ground-based stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> measurements at Thule, Greenland: an intercomparison with Aura MLS observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2441-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fiorucci ◽  
G. Muscari ◽  
L. Froidevaux ◽  
M. L. Santee
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Vertical Range ◽  
Atmospheric Variations ◽  
Wave Spectrometer

Abstract. In response to the need for improving our understanding of the evolution and the interannual variability of the winter Arctic stratosphere, in January 2009 a Ground-Based Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (GBMS) was installed at the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) site in Thule (76.5° N, 68.8° W), Greenland. In this work, stratospheric GBMS O3 and HNO3 vertical profiles obtained from Thule during the winters 2010 (HNO3 only), 2011 and 2012 are characterized and intercompared with co-located measurements of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) experiment. Using a recently developed algorithm based on Optimal Estimation, we find that the GBMS O3 retrievals show good sensitivity (> 80%) to atmospheric variations between ~ 17 and ~ 50 km, where their 1σ uncertainty is estimated to be the larger of ~ 11% or 0.2 ppmv. Similarly, HNO3 profiles can be considered for scientific use between ~ 17 and ~ 45 km altitude, with a 1σ uncertainty that amounts to the larger of 15% or 0.2 ppbv. Comparisons with Aura MLS version 3.3 observations show that, on average, GBMS O3 mixing ratios are biased negatively with respect to MLS throughout the stratosphere, with differences ranging between ~ 0.3 ppmv (8%) and 0.9 ppmv (18%) in the 17–50 km vertical range. GBMS HNO3 values display instead a positive bias with respect to MLS up to 26 km, reaching a maximum of ~ 1 ppbv (10%) near the mixing ratio profile peak. O3 and HNO3 values from the two datasets prove to be well correlated at all altitudes, although their correlations worsen at the lower end of the altitude ranges considered. Column contents of GBMS and MLS O3 (from 20 km upwards) and HNO3 (from 17 km upwards) correlate very well and indicate that GBMS measurements can provide valuable estimates of column interannual and seasonal variations for these compounds.

scholarly journals Intercomparison and evaluation of ground- and satellite-based stratospheric ozone and temperature profiles above Observatoire de Haute-Provence during the Lidar Validation NDACC Experiment (LAVANDE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5621-5642
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Wolfgang Steinbrecht ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Thomas J. McGee ◽  
John T. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
532 Nm ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. A two-part intercomparison campaign was conducted at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) for the validation of lidar ozone and temperature profiles using the mobile NASA Stratospheric Ozone Lidar (NASA STROZ), satellite overpasses from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), meteorological radiosondes launched from Nîmes, and locally launched ozonesondes. All the data were submitted and compared “blind”, before the group could see results from the other instruments. There was good agreement between all ozone measurements between 20 and 40 km, with differences of generally less than 5 % throughout this region. Below 20 km, SABER and MLS measured significantly more ozone than the lidars or ozonesondes. Temperatures for all lidars were in good agreement between 30 and 60 km, with differences on the order of ±1 to 3 K. Below 30 km, the OHP lidar operating at 532 nm has a significant cool bias due to contamination by aerosols. Systematic, altitude-varying bias up to ±5 K compared to the lidars was found for MLS at many altitudes. SABER temperature profiles are generally closer to the lidar profiles, with up 3 K negative bias near 50 km. Total uncertainty estimates for ozone and temperature appear to be realistic for nearly all systems. However, it does seem that the very low estimated uncertainties of lidars between 30 and 50 km, between 0.1 and 1 K, are not achieved during Lidar Validation Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) Experiment (LAVANDE). These estimates might have to be increased to 1 to 2 K.

scholarly journals Stratospheric ozone depletion from future nitrous oxide increases

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 12967-12982 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wang ◽  
W. Tian ◽  
S. Dhomse ◽  
F. Xie ◽  
J. Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Middle Stratosphere

Abstract. We have investigated the impact of the assumed nitrous oxide (N2O) increases on stratospheric chemistry and dynamics using a series of idealized simulations with a coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM). In a future cooler stratosphere the net yield of NOy from N2O is shown to decrease in a reference run following the IPCC A1B scenario, but NOy can still be significantly increased by extra increases of N2O over 2001–2050. Over the last decade of simulations, 50% increases in N2O result in a maximal 6% reduction in ozone mixing ratios in the middle stratosphere at around 10 hPa and an average 2% decrease in the total ozone column (TCO) compared with the control run. This enhanced destruction could cause an ozone decline in the first half of this century in the middle stratosphere around 10 hPa, while global TCO still shows an increase at the same time. The results from a multiple linear regression analysis and sensitivity simulations with different forcings show that the chemical effect of N2O increases dominates the N2O-induced ozone depletion in the stratosphere, while the dynamical and radiative effects of N2O increases are overall insignificant. The analysis of the results reveals that the ozone depleting potential of N2O varies with the time period and is influenced by the environmental conditions. For example, carbon dioxide (CO2) increases can strongly offset the ozone depletion effect of N2O.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the new DWD ozone and temperature lidar during the Hohenpeißenberg Ozone Profiling Study (HOPS) and comparison of results with previous NDACC campaigns

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3773-3794
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Wolfgang Steinbrecht ◽  
Thomas J. McGee ◽  
John T. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Goddard Space Flight Center ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Region Temperature ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. A newly upgraded German Weather Service (DWD) ozone and temperature lidar (HOH) located at the Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory (47.8∘ N, 11.0∘ E) has been evaluated through comparison with the travelling standard lidar operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA GSFC Stratospheric Ozone (STROZ) lidar), satellite overpasses from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), meteorological radiosondes launched from Munich (65 km northeast), and locally launched ozonesondes. The “blind” evaluation was conducted under the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) using 10 clear nights of measurements in 2018 and 2019. The campaign, referred to as the Hohenpeißenberg Ozone Profiling Study (HOPS), was conducted within the larger context of NDACC validation activities for European lidar stations. There was good agreement between all ozone lidar measurements in the range of 15 to 41 km with relative differences between co-located ozone profiles of less than ±10 %. Differences in the measured ozone number densities between the lidars and the locally launched ozone sondes were also generally less than 5 % below 30 km. The satellite ozone profiles demonstrated some differences with respect to the ground-based lidars which are due to sampling differences and geophysical variation. Both the original and new DWD lidars continue to meet the NDACC standard for lidar ozone profiles by exceeding 3 % accuracy between 16.5 and 43 km. Temperature differences for all instruments were less than ±5 K below 60 km, with larger differences present in the lidar–satellite comparisons above this region. Temperature differences between the DWD lidars met the NDACC accuracy requirements of ±1 K between 17 and 78 km. A unique cross-comparison between the HOPS campaign and a similar, recent campaign at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (Lidar Validation NDACC Experiment; LAVANDE) allowed for an investigation into potential biases in the NASA-STROZ reference lidar. The reference lidar may slightly underestimate ozone number densities above 43 km with respect to the French and German NDACC lidars. Below 20 km, the reference lidar temperatures profiles are 5 to 10 K cooler than the temperatures which are reported by the other instruments.

scholarly journals Ground-based stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> measurements at Thule, Greenland: an intercomparison with Aura MLS observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2979-3011
Author(s):  
I. Fiorucci ◽  
G. Muscari ◽  
L. Froidevaux ◽  
M. L. Santee
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Vertical Range ◽  
High Bias ◽  
Atmospheric Variations

Abstract. In response to the need for improving our understanding of the evolution and the interannual variability of the winter Arctic stratosphere, in January 2009 a ground-based millimeter-wave spectrometer (GBMS) was installed at the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) site in Thule (76.5° N, 68.8° W), Greenland. In this work, stratospheric GBMS O3 and HNO3 vertical profiles obtained from Thule during winters 2010 (HNO3 only), 2011 and 2012 are characterized and intercompared with co-located Aura MLS measurements. Using a recently developed algorithm based on Optimal Estimation, we find that the GBMS O3 retrievals show good sensitivity (> 80%) to atmospheric variations between ~ 17 and ~ 50 km, where their 1σ uncertainty is estimated to be the larger of ~ 11% or 0.2 ppmv. Similarly, HNO3 profiles can be considered for scientific use between ~ 17 and ~ 45 km altitude, with a 1σ uncertainty that amounts to the larger of 15% or 0.2 ppbv. Comparisons with Aura MLS version 3.3 observations show that, on average, GBMS O3 mixing ratios are biased low with respect to MLS throughout the stratosphere, with differences ranging between ~ 0.3 ppmv (8%) and 0.9 ppmv (18%) in the 17–50 km vertical range. GBMS HNO3 values display instead a high bias with respect to MLS up to 26 km, reaching a maximum of ~ 1 ppbv (10%) near the mixing ratio profile peak. O3 and HNO3 values from the two data sets prove to be well correlated at all altitudes, although their correlations worsen at the lower end of the altitude ranges considered. Column contents of GBMS and MLS O3 (from 20 km upwards) and HNO3 (from 17 km upwards) correlate very well and indicate that GBMS measurements can provide valuable estimates of column interannual and seasonal variations for these compounds.

scholarly journals The Diurnal Variation in Stratospheric Ozone from MACC Reanalysis, ERA-Interim, WACCM, and Earth Observation Data: Characteristics and Intercomparison

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Ansgar Schanz ◽  
Klemens Hocke ◽  
Niklaus Kämpfer ◽  
Simon Chabrillat ◽  
Antje Inness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Free Running

In this study, we compare the diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone of the MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) reanalysis, ECMWF Reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim), and the free-running WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model). The diurnal variation of stratospheric ozone results from photochemical and dynamical processes depending on altitude, latitude, and season. MACC reanalysis and WACCM use similar chemistry modules and calculate a similar diurnal cycle in ozone when it is caused by a photochemical variation. The results of the two model systems are confirmed by observations of the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) experiment and three selected sites of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (tropics), Bern, Switzerland (midlatitudes), and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (high latitudes). On the other hand, the ozone product of ERA-Interim shows considerably less diurnal variation due to photochemical variations. The global maxima of diurnal variation occur at high latitudes in summer, e.g., near the Arctic NDACC site at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The local OZORAM radiometer observes this effect in good agreement with MACC reanalysis and WACCM. The sensed diurnal variation at Ny-Ålesund is up to 8% (0.4 ppmv) due to photochemical variations in summer and negligible during the dynamically dominated winter. However, when dynamics play a major role for the diurnal ozone variation as in the lower stratosphere (100–20 hPa), the reanalysis models ERA-Interim and MACC which assimilate data from radiosondes and satellites outperform the free-running WACCM. Such a domain is the Antarctic polar winter where a surprising novel feature of diurnal variation is indicated by MACC reanalysis and ERA-Interim at the edge of the polar vortex. This effect accounts for up to 8% (0.4 ppmv) in both model systems. In summary, MACC reanalysis provides a global description of the diurnal variation of stratospheric ozone caused by dynamics and photochemical variations. This is of high interest for ozone trend analysis and other research which is based on merged satellite data or measurements at different local time.

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