scholarly journals Optimized Umkehr profile algorithm for ozone trend analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Petropavlovskikh ◽  
Koji Miyagawa ◽  
Audra McClure-Beegle ◽  
Bryan Johnson ◽  
Jeannette Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stray Light ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Quality Control Tool ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Instrumental Records ◽  
Station Location ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The long-term record of Umkehr measurements from four NOAA Dobson spectrophotometers was reprocessed after updates to the instrument calibration procedures. In addition, a new data quality-control tool was developed for the Dobson automation software (WinDobson). This paper presents a comparison of Dobson Umkehr ozone profiles from NOAA ozone network stations (Boulder, OHP, MLO, Lauder) against several satellite records, including Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; ver. 4.2), and combined SBUV and OMPS records (NASA AGG and NOAA COH). A subset of satellite data is selected to match Dobson Umkehr observations at each station spatially (distance less than 200 km) and temporally (within 24 hours). Umkehr Averaging Kernels (AKs) are applied to vertically smooth all overpass satellite profiles prior to comparisons. The station Umkehr record consists of several instrumental records, which have different optical characterizations, and thus instrument-specific stray light contributes to the data processing errors and creates step changes in the record. This work evaluates the overall quality of Umkehr long-term measurements at NOAA ground-based stations and assesses the impact of the instrumental changes on the stability of the Umkehr ozone profile record. This paper describes a method designed to correct biases and discontinuities in the retrieved Umkehr profile that originate from the Dobson calibration process, repair, or optical realignment of the instrument. The M2GMI and GMI CTM ozone profile model output matched to station location and date of observation is used to evaluate instrumental step changes in the Umkehr record. Homogenization of the Umkehr record and discussion of the apparent stray light error in retrieved ozone profiles are the focus of this paper. Homogenization of ground-based records is of great importance for studies of long-term ozone trends and climate change.

Influence of internal and external risks on sustainability of financial system of Аltai krai

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
R. N. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of internal and external risks on the stability of the financial system of the Altai Territory. Classification of internal and external risks of decline, affecting the sustainable development of the financial system, is presented. A risk management strategy is proposed that will allow monitoring of risks, thereby these measures will help reduce the loss of financial stability and ensure the long-term development of the economy of the region.

scholarly journals Merged SAGE II, Ozone_cci and OMPS ozone profile dataset and evaluation of ozone trends in the stratosphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 12533-12552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria F. Sofieva ◽  
Erkki Kyrölä ◽  
Marko Laine ◽  
Johanna Tamminen ◽  
Doug Degenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Stratospheric Cooling ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. In this paper, we present a merged dataset of ozone profiles from several satellite instruments: SAGE II on ERBS, GOMOS, SCIAMACHY and MIPAS on Envisat, OSIRIS on Odin, ACE-FTS on SCISAT, and OMPS on Suomi-NPP. The merged dataset is created in the framework of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (Ozone_cci) with the aim of analyzing stratospheric ozone trends. For the merged dataset, we used the latest versions of the original ozone datasets. The datasets from the individual instruments have been extensively validated and intercompared; only those datasets which are in good agreement, and do not exhibit significant drifts with respect to collocated ground-based observations and with respect to each other, are used for merging. The long-term SAGE–CCI–OMPS dataset is created by computation and merging of deseasonalized anomalies from individual instruments. The merged SAGE–CCI–OMPS dataset consists of deseasonalized anomalies of ozone in 10° latitude bands from 90° S to 90° N and from 10 to 50 km in steps of 1 km covering the period from October 1984 to July 2016. This newly created dataset is used for evaluating ozone trends in the stratosphere through multiple linear regression. Negative ozone trends in the upper stratosphere are observed before 1997 and positive trends are found after 1997. The upper stratospheric trends are statistically significant at midlatitudes and indicate ozone recovery, as expected from the decrease of stratospheric halogens that started in the middle of the 1990s and stratospheric cooling.

scholarly journals The Impact of Non-uniform Sampling on Stratospheric Ozone Trends Derived from Occultation Instruments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Damadeo ◽  
Joseph M. Zawodny ◽  
Ellis E. Remsberg ◽  
Kaley A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Non Uniform Sampling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper applies a recently developed technique for deriving long-term trends in ozone from sparsely sampled data sets to multiple occultation instruments simultaneously without the need for homogenization. The technique can compensate for the non-uniform temporal, spatial, and diurnal sampling of the different instruments and can also be used to account for biases and drifts between instruments. These problems have been noted in recent international assessments as being a primary source of uncertainty that clouds the significance of derived trends. Results show potential recovery trends of ~ 2–3 %/decade in the upper stratosphere at mid-latitudes, which are similar to other studies, and also how sampling biases present in these data sets can create differences in derived "recovery" trends of up to ~ 1 %/decade if not properly accounted for. Limitations inherent to all techniques (e.g., relative instrument drifts) and their impacts (e.g., trend differences up to ~ 2 %/decade) are also described and a potential path forward towards resolution is presented.

scholarly journals Short-Term Impact of Multi-Cropping on Some Soil Physical Properties and Respiration

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Romaneckas ◽  
Jovita Balandaitė ◽  
Aušra Sinkevičienė ◽  
Rasa Kimbirauskienė ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Structural Composition ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
The Impact

Growing as much crop biomass as possible in the shortest possible time is the target for most bio-energy producers. However, according to the requirements of the Green Deal, the consumption of fertilizers and crop protection products will have to be significantly reduced between 2023 and 2027. In order to meet all the necessary conditions for the production of biomass, a stationary field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania, in 2020–2021. Multi-cultivations of maize, hemp and faba bean were investigated. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of multi-cropping intensity on soil structural composition, stability, penetration resistance and gas concentration–respiration. As expected, multi-cropping stabilized the gas concentration and emission from the soil and decreased the proportion of micro-structures in the top soil layers. However, the stability of the soil decreased in all the experimental plots. Gas concentration and respiration mainly depended on soil structural composition, temperature and moisture content. The results of the experiment suggest performing investigations at a long-term scale because the intensive variation of meteorological conditions had a higher impact on the soil properties than the multi-cropping systems.

The impact of long-term riskless asset on ensuring liquidity and preventing banking fragility

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Portfolio ◽  
Illiquid Asset ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Riskless Asset ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Liquidation Cost

PurposeThrough portfolio diversification, the author identifies the risk sharing deposit contract in a three-period model that maximizes the ex ante expected utility of depositors.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the author extends the study by Allen and Gale (1998) by adding a long-term riskless investment opportunity to the original portfolio of a short-term liquid asset and a long-term risky illiquid asset.FindingsUnlike Allen and Gale, there are no information-based bank runs in equilibrium. In addition, the model can improve consumers' welfare over the Allen and Gale model. The author also shows that the bank will choose to liquidate the cheaper investments, in terms of the gain-loss ratios for the two types of existing long-term assets, when there is liquidity shortage in some cases. Such a policy reduces the liquidation cost and enables the bank to meet the outstanding liability to depositors without large liquidation losses.Originality/valueThe author believe that the reader would be interested in this article because it is relevant to real world where depositors rush to withdraw their deposits from a bank if there is negative information about future prospect of the bank asset portfolio and bank investment. Economists and financial analysts need to determine the suitable mechanism to improve the stability of the bank and the depositor welfare.

The Risk of Insolvency and its Impact on Romanian Banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Elena Violeta Drăgoi ◽  
Larisa Elena Preda
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The new regulations on capital adequacy aimed to strengthen the stability of financial and banking system because a stable banking system contributes to assure a sustainable development with long term beneficial effects on economy. This article represents a review of the impact on new higher standards for Romanian banks regarding capital adequacy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Government Spending on Economic Diversification for the Period (2004-2019) and its Reflection on the Path of Rehabilitation of the Iraqi Economy

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1186-1198
Author(s):  
Dr. Alyaa Hussain Khalaf ◽  
Ali Talib Hussain ◽  
Dr. Ammar Naeem Zghair
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Positive Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Ardl Model ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Investment Spending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between government spending and economic diversification in Iraq for the period (2004-2019), using the ARDL model. The research concluded that there is a long-term positive equilibrium relationship between investment spending and economic diversification in Iraq. When investment spending increases by (1%), this will lead to an increase in economic diversification by (0.23%), assuming that operating spending is stable, and the opposite happens in the case of decline. In addition to the existence of a long-term inverse equilibrium relationship between operating spending and economic diversification in Iraq, as an increase in operating spending by (1%) will lead to a decrease in economic diversification by (0.73%), assuming the stability of investment spending, and the opposite will happen in the event of decline.

scholarly journals Drift corrected Odin-OSIRIS ozone product: algorithm and updated stratospheric ozone trends

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam E. Bourassa ◽  
Chris Z. Roth ◽  
Daniel J. Zawada ◽  
Landon A. Rieger ◽  
Chris A. McLinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Ozone Trends

Abstract. A small, long-term drift in the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System (OSIRIS) stratospheric ozone product, manifested mostly since 2012, is quantified and attributed to a changing bias in the limb pointing knowledge of the instrument. A correction to this pointing drift using a predictable shape in the measured limb radiance profile is implemented and applied within the OSIRIS retrieval algorithm. This new data product, version 5.10, displays substantially better both long- and short-term agreement with MLS ozone throughout the stratosphere due to the pointing correction. Previously reported stratospheric ozone trends over the time period 1984–2013, which were derived by merging the altitude/number density ozone profile measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II satellite instrument (1984–2005) and from OSIRIS (2002–2013) are recalculated using the new OSIRIS version 5.10 product, and extended to 2017. These results still show statistically significant positive trends throughout the upper stratosphere since 1997, but at weaker levels that are more closely in line with estimates from other data records.

Enduring Burmese Realities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Egreteau
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Reconciliation ◽  
India And China

This chapter seeks to provide a realistic assessment of the other long-term challenges that continue to plague Myanmar. While many are not necessarily hindering democratization, all pose considerable threats to the stability of the country and the long-term process of national reconciliation. Prominent among them is the multifaceted political and social clientelisms that are entrenched in Burmese society. Such is the case for the oligarchical structuration and weaknesses of the national economy, as well as Myanmar’s peculiar geography. This chapter looks at why the country cannot avoid considering the impact that its geopolitical situation has long imposed on its domestic developments. Myanmar’s position at the crossroads of India and China, where politics remains volatile and democratic consolidation is an endlessly moving target, may provide the military with incentives to remain involved in politics.

scholarly journals Organic-Inorganic Fertilization Built Higher Stability of Soil And Root Microbial Networks Than Exclusive Mineral Or Organic Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luhua Yang ◽  
Renhua Sun ◽  
Jungai Li ◽  
Limei Zhai ◽  
Huiling Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Microbiome

Abstract BackgroundRoot microbiome is critical for plant health and performance. Many studies have assessed the impact of agricultural management on soil microbiome. But a comprehensive understanding of how root microbiota is affected by soil types and fertilization is still lacking. It is clear yet whether the stability of root microbiome is affected by fertilization regimes, and whether in the same patterns as soil microbiome. MethodsWe conducted a long-term experiment and investigated the impact of soil type, plant type and fertilization regimes on soil and root bacterial communities using high-throughput sequencing and network analysis.ResultsOur results indicated that microbial network under combined organic-inorganic fertilization had higher stability than exclusive inorganic or organic fertilizer. In addition, fertilization exhibited stronger effects on root microbiome than on soil microbiome. While total nitrogen mainly contributes to the variance of root microbiome, pH and soil organic matter were responsible for the differences of soil microbiome. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes appeared as important drivers in soil and root microbiome amended with organic fertilizer, whereas Actinobacteria was enriched in the soil microbiome under inorganic fertilizer. ConclusionsOur results clearly indicated the responsive shifts of soil and root microbiome to different fertilization regimes, and gave hints for developing better fertilization practices and establishing healthy root associated microbiota.

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