Bioinspired surfaces to delay biofilm formation: different surfaces with different mechanisms

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5194/biofilms9-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jinju Chen

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Early Stage ◽

Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Hierarchical Structures ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Porous Surfaces ◽

Rose Petal

Biofilm associated infections are the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, within the U.S. about 2 million annual cases lead to more than $5 billion USD in added medical costs per annum. Therefore, it is important to control biofilm growth and reduce the instances of infections.&#160; Physical strategies, in particular the use of rationally designed surface topographies or surface energies, have present us with an interesting approach to prevent bacterial adherence and biofilm growth without the requirement for antimicrobials. A variety of natural surfaces exhibit antibacterial properties. Examples of such surfaces include rose petals with hierarchical structures and Nepenthes pitcher plants with slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces. &#160; In this study, we fabricated different &#160;biomimetic surfaces (rose-petal surfaces and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces). &#160;&#160;We have demonstrated that rose-petal surface can delay early stage P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis biofilms formation (2 days) by about 70% and control&#160; biofilm &#160;formation according to surface structures.&#160; The mechanisms of hierarchical structures &#160;of rose-petal influence biofilm formation are two folds: 1) Papillae microstructure block &#160;the bacterial clusters in between the valleys, limiting the potential for cell-cell communication via fibrous networks, thereby resulting in impaired biofilm growth. 2) The secondary structure (nano-folds) on microstructures can align bacterial cells within the constrained grooves, thereby delaying cell clusters formation during short term growth of biofilm. While, the slippery liquid-infused porous surface(s) can prevent over 90% P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis biofilms formation for a duration of 6 days.&#160; These are mainly attributed to their high contact angle and extreme low contact angle hysteresis.

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Visible Light-Activated Carbon Dots for Inhibiting Biofilm Formation and Inactivating Biofilm-Associated Bacterial Cells

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.786077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xiuli Dong ◽

Christopher M. Overton ◽

Yongan Tang ◽

Jasmine P. Darby ◽

Ya-Ping Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Carbon Dots ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Chelating Agents ◽

Early Stage ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Planktonic Cells ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Time Point

This study aimed to address the significant problems of bacterial biofilms found in medical fields and many industries. It explores the potential of classic photoactive carbon dots (CDots), with 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis (ethylamine) (EDA) for dot surface functionalization (thus, EDA-CDots) for their inhibitory effect on B. subtilis biofilm formation and the inactivation of B. subtilis cells within established biofilm. The EDA-CDots were synthesized by chemical functionalization of selected small carbon nanoparticles with EDA molecules in amidation reactions. The inhibitory efficacy of CDots with visible light against biofilm formation was dependent significantly on the time point when CDots were added; the earlier the CDots were added, the better the inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation. The evaluation of antibacterial action of light-activated EDA-CDots against planktonic B. subtilis cells versus the cells in biofilm indicate that CDots are highly effective for inactivating planktonic cells but barely inactivate cells in established biofilms. However, when coupling with chelating agents (e.g., EDTA) to target the biofilm architecture by breaking or weakening the EPS protection, much enhanced photoinactivation of biofilm-associated cells by CDots was achieved. The study demonstrates the potential of CDots to prevent the initiation of biofilm formation and to inhibit biofilm growth at an early stage. Strategic combination treatment could enhance the effectiveness of photoinactivation by CDots to biofilm-associated cells.

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An In Vitro Coumarin-Antibiotic Combination Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20987744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098774

Author(s):

Jinpeng Zou ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Ruiwei Guo ◽

Yu Tang ◽

Zhengrong Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Antibiotic Combination

The drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a worldwide problem due to its great threat to human health. A crude extract of Angelica dahurica has been proved to have antibacterial properties, which suggested that it may be able to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; initial exploration had shown that the crude extract could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa effectively. After the adaptive dose of coumarin was confirmed to be a potential treatment for the bacteria’s drug resistance, “coumarin-antibiotic combination treatments” (3 coumarins—simple coumarin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin—combined with 2 antibiotics—ampicillin and ceftazidime) were examined to determine their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa. The final results showed that (1) coumarin with either ampicillin or ceftazidime significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; (2) coumarin could directly destroy mature biofilms; and (3) the combination treatment can synergistically enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation, which could significantly reduce the usage of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. To sum up, a coumarin-antibiotic combination treatment may be a potential way to inhibit the biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa and provides a reference for antibiotic resistance treatment.

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One-Step Preparation of Durable Super-Hydrophobic MSR/SiO2 Coatings by Suspension Air Spraying

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi9120677 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 677 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhengyong Huang ◽

Wenjie Xu ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Haohuan Wang ◽

Ruiqi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Adhesion Strength ◽

Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Hierarchical Structures ◽

Hydrophobic Surface ◽

Water Contact ◽

Hydrophobic Coating ◽

Mechanical Durability ◽

One Step

In this study, we develop a facial one-step approach to prepare durable super-hydrophobic coatings on glass surfaces. The hydrophobic characteristics, corrosive liquid resistance, and mechanical durability of the super-hydrophobic surface are presented. The as-prepared super-hydrophobic surface exhibits a water contact angle (WCA) of 157.2° and contact angle hysteresis of 2.3°. Mico/nano hierarchical structures and elements of silicon and fluorine is observed on super-hydrophobic surfaces. The adhesion strength and hardness of the surface are determined to be 1st level and 4H, respectively. The coating is, thus, capable of maintaining super-hydrophobic state after sand grinding with a load of 200 g and wear distances of 700 mm. The rough surface retained after severe mechanical abrasion observed by atomic force microscope (AFM) microscopically proves the durable origin of the super-hydrophobic coating. Results demonstrate the feasibility of production of the durable super-hydrophobic coating via enhancing its adhesion strength and surface hardness.

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Special Wetting Behaviors on Canna Leaf and its Dependence with Microstructures

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.64 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 779-780 ◽

pp. 64-67

Author(s):

Xiao Hua Yang ◽

Jian Hua Xiao ◽

Jun Fei Ou

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽

Lotus Leaf ◽

Micro Scale ◽

High Adhesion ◽

Rose Petal ◽

High Contact Angle ◽

Wetting Behaviors ◽

The Rose ◽

Rose Petal Effect

Like lotus leaf and rose petal, the canna leaf also has excellent super hydrophobicity.The purpose of this paper is to systematically study the super hydrophilicity of canna leaf. Using SEM to observe the morphology of the canna leaf, and analytical balance to measure the adhensive force between water droplet and the leaf . This paper shows that the first type of the canna leaf which has co-exsitence of the nanocrumb and micro-scale convex cells has the high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis similar to lotus leaf. The another type on the leaf has high contact angle but high adhesion in a certain extent like the rose petal effect, whose microstructure unitarily simple has the micro convex cells, do not distributed anything of nanoscale.

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Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.2.9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 66-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Bharat Bhushan

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Drag Reduction ◽

Organic Contaminants ◽

Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽

Hierarchical Structures ◽

Aquatic Animal ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Reduction Efficiency ◽

Self Cleaning

The emerging field of biomimetics allows one to mimic biology or nature to develop nanomaterials, nanodevices, and processes which provide desirable properties. Hierarchical structures with dimensions of features ranging from the macroscale to the nanoscale are extremely common in nature and possess properties of interest. There are a large number of objects including bacteria, plants, land and aquatic animals, and seashells with properties of commercial interest. Certain plant leaves, such as lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves, are known to be superhydrophobic and self-cleaning due to the hierarchical surface roughness and presence of a wax layer. In addition to a self-cleaning effect, these surfaces with a high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis also exhibit low adhesion and drag reduction for fluid flow. An aquatic animal, such as a shark, is another model from nature for the reduction of drag in fluid flow. The artificial surfaces inspired from the shark skin and lotus leaf have been created, and in this article the influence of structure on drag reduction efficiency is reviewed. Biomimetic-inspired oleophobic surfaces can be used to prevent contamination of the underwater parts of ships by biological and organic contaminants, including oil. The article also reviews the wetting behavior of oil droplets on various superoleophobic surfaces created in the lab.

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Antibacterial properties of graphene and its derivatives

Bulletin of the Military University of Technology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.9731 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 69-84

Author(s):

Anna Romiszewska ◽

Aneta Bombalska

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Sharp Edges

The work presents a literature review on the use of graphene and its derivatives as the potential protection against bacterial microflora. Addressed issues relate to an attempt to explain the mechanisms of impact of graphene and its derivatives: graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the bacterial cells. Interaction of graphene materials (G, GO, rGO) with Gram(+) and Gram(-) were compared with regard to the concentration of the preparations, the nature of the culture medium and surface of graphene deposition. Issues related to the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were discussed, the effect of sharp edges of GM’s (nano-knife), biofilm formation and the potential application of graphene in nanomedicine. Keywords: biomedicine, graphene, graphene oxide antibacterial effect, biofilm

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Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8111835 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1835

Author(s):

Puja Yadav ◽

Shalini Verma ◽

Richard Bauer ◽

Monika Kumari ◽

Meenakshi Dua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Initial Step ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Surface Proteins ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Bacterial Survival ◽

Biofilm Growth

Streptococci are a diverse group of bacteria, which are mostly commensals but also cause a considerable proportion of life-threatening infections. They colonize many different host niches such as the oral cavity, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. While these host compartments impose different environmental conditions, many streptococci form biofilms on mucosal membranes facilitating their prolonged survival. In response to environmental conditions or stimuli, bacteria experience profound physiologic and metabolic changes during biofilm formation. While investigating bacterial cells under planktonic and biofilm conditions, various genes have been identified that are important for the initial step of biofilm formation. Expression patterns of these genes during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth suggest a highly regulated and complex process. Biofilms as a bacterial survival strategy allow evasion of host immunity and protection against antibiotic therapy. However, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated bacteria cause disease are poorly understood. Therefore, advanced molecular techniques are employed to identify gene(s) or protein(s) as targets for the development of antibiofilm therapeutic approaches. We review our current understanding of biofilm formation in different streptococci and how biofilm production may alter virulence-associated characteristics of these species. In addition, we have summarized the role of surface proteins especially pili proteins in biofilm formation. This review will provide an overview of strategies which may be exploited for developing novel approaches against biofilm-related streptococcal infections.

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Mat fimbriae promote biofilm formation by meningitis-associated Escherichia coli

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.039610-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 156 (8) ◽

pp. 2408-2417 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Timo A. Lehti ◽

Philippe Bauchart ◽

Johanna Heikkinen ◽

Jörg Hacker ◽

Timo K. Korhonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Early Stage ◽

Surface Expression ◽

Growth Media ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Abiotic Surfaces ◽

K 12 ◽

Biofilm Development

The mat (or ecp) fimbrial operon is ubiquitous and conserved in Escherichia coli, but its functions remain poorly described. In routine growth media newborn meningitis isolates of E. coli express the meningitis-associated and temperature-regulated (Mat) fimbria, also termed E. coli common pilus (ECP), at 20 °C, and here we show that the six-gene (matABCDEF)-encoded Mat fimbria is needed for temperature-dependent biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. The matBCDEF deletion mutant of meningitis E. coli IHE 3034 was defective in an early stage of biofilm development and consequently unable to establish a detectable biofilm, contrasting with IHE 3034 derivatives deleted for flagella, type 1 fimbriae or S-fimbriae, which retained the wild-type biofilm phenotype. Furthermore, induced production of Mat fimbriae from expression plasmids enabled biofilm-deficient E. coli K-12 cells to form biofilm at 20 °C. No biofilm was detected with IHE 3034 or MG1655 strains grown at 37 °C. The surface expression of Mat fimbriae and the frequency of Mat-positive cells in the IHE 3034 population from 20 °C were high and remained unaltered during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth and within the matured biofilm community. Considering the prevalence of the highly conserved mat locus in E. coli genomes, we hypothesize that Mat fimbria-mediated biofilm formation is an ancestral characteristic of E. coli.

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Effects ofBacillusSerine Proteases on the Bacterial Biofilms

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/8525912 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Olga Mitrofanova ◽

Ayslu Mardanova ◽

Vladimir Evtugyn ◽

Lydia Bogomolnaya ◽

Margarita Sharipova

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Time Course ◽

Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Glutamyl Endopeptidase ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Tract Infections

Serratia marcescensis an emerging opportunistic pathogen responsible for many hospital-acquired infections including catheter-associated bacteremia and urinary tract and respiratory tract infections. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms employed byS. marcescensto increase its virulence and pathogenicity. Here, we have investigated the main steps of the biofilm formation byS. marcescensSR 41-8000. It was found that the biofilm growth is stimulated by the nutrient-rich environment. The time-course experiments showed thatS. marcescenscells adhere to the surface of the catheter and start to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within the first 2 days of growth. After 7 days,S. marcescensbiofilms maturate and consist of bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix of hydrated EPS. In this study, the effect ofBacillus pumilus3-19 proteolytic enzymes on the structure of 7-day-oldS. marcescensbiofilms was examined. Using quantitative methods and scanning electron microscopy for the detection of biofilm, we demonstrated a high efficacy of subtilisin-like protease and glutamyl endopeptidase in biofilm removal. Enzymatic treatment resulted in the degradation of the EPS components and significant eradication of the biofilms.

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