scholarly journals Performance characteristics of a small water-hammer head pump

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Krishpersad Manohar ◽  
Anthony Ademola Adeyanju ◽  
Kureem Vialva
Keyword(s):  
Water Hammer ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Section ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Test Configuration ◽  
Small Water ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Hammer Head ◽  
Head Height

Abstract. Many rural farming areas are located far from a reliable electricity supply; hence, obtaining a reliable source of water for crops and livestock can prove to be an expensive venture. A water pump operating on the water-hammer effect requires no external power source and can serve as an effective means of pumping water to a higher altitude once a reliable supply is available. A low-cost small water-hammer head pump was designed to operate on the water-hammer head effect created by the sudden stoppage of a flowing fluid. This design consisted of an inlet section followed by the pump body, a pressure section and an outlet. The experimental set-up for testing the water-hammer head pump was designed with a variable head input and an adjustable head output. For each test configuration, a total of 10 samples of pump supply water and pump exhausted water were collected. The water samples were collected for 30 s in each case. The results showed a non-linear variation of water flow with respect to pump outlet height. The pump was capable of delivering water to a maximum height of 8 to 10 times the height of the input head. The pump operated at average efficiencies of 26 %, 16 % and 6 % when the delivery height was 2, 4 and 6 times the input head height, respectively. There was a 5 % incremental decrease in pump efficiency as the delivery height increased in increments of the corresponding input head height.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of a Small Hammer Head Pump

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishpersad Manohar ◽  
Anthony Ademola Adeyanju ◽  
Kureem Vialva
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Section ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Test Configuration ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Hammer Head ◽  
Head Height

Abstract. Many rural farming areas are located far from reliable electricity supply, hence, having a reliable source of water for crops and livestock can prove to be an expensive venture. A water pump operating on the water hammer effect requires no external power source and can serve as an effective means of pumping water to a higher altitude once a reliable supply is available. The small hammer-head pump was designed to operate on the hammer head effect created by the sudden stoppage of a flowing fluid. This design consisted of an inlet section followed by the pump body, a pressure section and an outlet. The experimental set-up for testing the hammer head pump was designed with a variable head input and an adjustable head output. For each test configuration, ten samples of pump supply water and pump waste water were collected. The water samples were collected for 30 s in each case. The results showed delivered water flow rate varied according to a cubic variable with respect to pump outlet height. The pump was capable of delivering water to a maximum height of 8 to 10 times the height of the input head. The pump operated at average efficiencies of 26 %, 16 % and 6 % when the delivery height was twice, four times and six times the input head, respectively. There was a 5 % incremental decrease in pump efficiency as the delivery height increased in increments of the corresponding input head height.

A review of Ancient Roman water supply exploring techniques of pressure reduction

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Monteleone ◽  
H. Yeung ◽  
R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Urban Complex ◽  
Supply Systems

The Ancient Roman water supply systems still leave us astonished when admiring the solidity of the ruins of aqueducts surviving around Europe. Some parts of these systems are still in use at present and prove the practical efficiency of Roman hydraulics in the principles acquired from the populations living in the different regions of the Empire. In Pompeii the urban water supply system stands as a clear example of the Roman planning of urban complex networks by using small water towers to serve a limited numbers of users. This allowed to control the derivations and their maintenance and operated a disconnection from the high pressure mains and the low pressure pipes, maintaining a fixed maximum height of water over the final points of discharge. Considering the techniques for pressure reduction as a method to control leakages, this paper examines the ancient Roman water supply system to deduce some applications to modern urban networks built in new housing establishments.

scholarly journals Research of condensation induced water hammer under filling a horizontal pipe with subcooled water

2021 ◽  
Vol 2088 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
G J Volkov ◽  
V I Melikhov ◽  
O I Melikhov ◽  
S M Nikonov ◽  
S S Selkin
Keyword(s):  
Water Hammer ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Interphase Heat Transfer ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Subcooled Water ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Pipe Water

Abstract Experiments at the KGU test facility, devoted to condensation induced water hammers (CIWH) were analysed with the WAHA code. Test section of the KGU test facility is slightly inclined horizontal pipe of 3 m length and of 64 mm inner diameter. Subcooled water was supplied to the pipe inlet, pipe outlet was connected to separator vessel. Upper part of separator vessel was connected to steam source. Experiments were performed for different system pressure, different water subcooling and different mass flow rate of water supply. The performed experimental study of CIWH showed that in the investigated range of parameters, the development of CIWH occurs in different ways. At the stage of water propagation along the filled with steam horizontal pipe, water hammer was not observed. At the stage of free drainage of water from the outlet end of the pipe, water hammer was realized only when the water was sufficiently subcooled. At the stage of the water level rise in the horizontal pipe, water hammer occurred in all tests. At the last stage of filling the upper part in the separation vessel, there were small water hammers due to the collapses of the remaining steam bubbles. Numerical modelling of these experiments with the WAHA code revealed the shortcomings of the interphase heat transfer model developed for this code, which have a noticeable effect on the numerical solution.

scholarly journals Study on the Propagation Law of Water Hammer Wave in Underwater Blasting and the Reducing Effect of Air Curtain on Water Hammer Wave

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Chao Qi ◽  
Zuxiang Hu ◽  
Suihong Wang ◽  
Zhixiong Jiang ◽  
Haoyuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Inlet Section ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Attenuation Law ◽  
Propagation Law ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Bubble Curtain

The harmful effects (water hammer wave, flying stone, and broken quality of concrete) produced in the process of underwater drilling and blasting are the key factors affecting the safety of underwater drilling and blasting. In fact, the harm caused by the water hammer wave is the most significant. As a consequence, it is of great significance to study the propagation law of water hammer waves. Based on the background of the cofferdam demolition project at the inlet section of Shibishan Central Canal in Ningguo City, China, a three-dimensional numerical model was established based on Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method. Besides, the propagation law of water hammer waves at different water depths with different millisecond times was studied. Meanwhile, the reduction effect of the water hammer wave at different positions of the bubble curtain was analyzed. The results showed that, in the direction of the minimum resistance line of the charge, the attenuation law of the water hammer wave is accorded with the Cole formula and attenuated exponentially. The attenuation speed of the water hammer wave increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the millisecond time. In addition, the attenuation rate of the peak pressure was the fastest when the millisecond interval 30 ms was used. The attenuation of the water hammer wave at different water depths decreased at first and then decreased with the increase of water depth. The attenuation law of the water hammer wave decreased linearly with the increase of the distance between the bubble curtain and the charge. The research results can provide particular guiding significance for similar on-site construction.

Practical Applications of Water Hammer Analysis from Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Dung ◽  
Cramer David ◽  
Danielson Tom ◽  
Snyder Jon ◽  
Roussel Nico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Well Productivity ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Fracture Intensity

Abstract Water hammer is oscillatory pressure behavior in a wellbore resulting from the inertial effect of flowing fluid being subjected to an abrupt change in velocity. It is commonly observed at the end of large-scale hydraulic fracturing treatments after fluid injection rate is rapidly reduced or terminated. In this paper, factors affecting treatment-related water hammer behavior are disclosed, and field studies are introduced correlating water hammer characteristics to fracture intensity and well productivity. A simulator based on fundamental fluid-mechanics concepts was developed to model water hammer responses for various wellbore configurations and treatment characteristics. Insight from the modeling work was used to develop an optimal process of terminating fluid injection to obtain a consistent, identifiable oscillatory response for evaluating water hammer periodicity, decay rate, and oscillatory patterns. A completion database was engaged in a semi-automated process to evaluate numerous treatments. A data screening method was developed and implemented for enhancing interpretation reliability. Derived water hammer components were correlated to fracture intensity, well productivity and in certain cases, loss of treatment confinement to the intended treatment interval. Using the above process, thousands of hydraulic fracturing treatments were evaluated, and the results of that work are included in this study. The treatments were performed in wells based in Texas, South America, and Canada and completed in low permeability and unconventional reservoirs. The water hammer decay rate was determined to be a reliable indication of the system friction (friction in the wellbore and hydraulic fracture network) that drains energy from the water hammer pulse. In unconventional reservoirs characterized by small differences in the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses, high system friction correlated positively with fracture intensity/complexity and well performance. Results were constrained with instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) and pressure falloff measurements to identify instances of direct communication with previously treated offset wellbores. The resulting analyses provided: – identification of enhanced-permeability intervals – indications of hydraulic fracture geometry – assessment of treatment modifications intended to enhance fracture complexity – identification of loss of treatment confinement to the intended interval – location of associated points of failure in the wellbore Topics covered in the paper include: Introduction  Joukowsky Equation  Period and Boundary Conditions Review of Prior Work on Water Hammer Analysis Shut-In Pressure Data, Analysis, and Model  Data collection frequency  Data issues and requirements  Water Hammer Analytical Method  Water Hammer Model Effects on Water hammer signature  Fluid properties  Step-down rate change and duration  Perforation friction Applications  Identification of Boundary Condition  Identification of Treatment Stage Isolation  Identification of Casing Failure Depth  Identification of Excess Period (Excess Length) Case Study – Water Hammer Data in an Unconventional Reservoir  Interpretation of frac geometry and friction in the fracture  Relationship to well productivity

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in morphometric characters of Mystus singaringan from Klawing River in Central Java, Indonesia: Strategic instruction for conservation development

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139
Author(s):  
TAUFIK BUDHI PRAMONO ◽  
DIANA ARFIATI ◽  
MAHENO SRI WIDODO ◽  
UUN YANUHAR
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adipose Fin ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Digital Caliper

Abstract. Pramono TB, Arfiati D, Widodo MS, Yanuhar U. 2019. Sexual dimorphism in morphometric characters of Mystus singaringan from Klawing River in Central Java, Indonesia: Strategic instruction for conservation development. Biodiversitas 20: 1133-1139. This study aims to determine the sexual dimorphism of Mystus singaringan (Senggaringan fish) based on morphometric characters. The measurement of 24 morphometric characters in 30 M. singaringan from Klawing River was carried out using a digital caliper (0.01 mm). Morphometric data of M. singaringan analyzed using t-test have showed significant difference in 12 morphometric characters between sexes, such as standard length, head height, distance of the tip of the muzzle to eyes, distance of the tip of the muzzle to adipose fin, height of dorsal fin, height of pectoral fin, basic length of adipose fin, height of adipose fin, maximum height, length of first nasal barbel, length of first mandibular barbel, and length of second mandibular barbel. Analysis of growth of morphometric characters shows that there is a linear relationship between all morphometric characters and total length. The type of growth of all morphometric characters in both male and female M. singaringan is negative allometric.

An Experimental Study to Predict Dynamic Performance of Check Valve by Water Hammer

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tae-Kook Park ◽  
Yong-Bum Lee ◽  
Jae-Hyeong Kim ◽  
Ki-Chun Lee ◽  
Dong-Cheon Baek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Check Valve ◽  
Water Hammer

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bulychev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

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