Interception by a temperate coniferous forest and its relationship with wet canopy gas exchange

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjie Jiao ◽  
Yuichi Sempuku ◽  
Ting-wei Chang ◽  
Yoshiko Kosugi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Japanese Cypress ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ecosystem Flux ◽  
Water Proof

<p>Interception is an important hydrological process relating to canopy gas exchange and takes a significant part from precipitation. The real interception process by the needle leaves is worth discussing because their shape may allow interception by both surfaces and thus affects photosynthesis by blocking stomata. Therefore, the aim of this study is to figure out the distribution of interception at needle leaf and its relation with the gas exchange of wet canopy.</p><p>We measured ecosystem flux and wetness from a Japanese cypress forest by the advanced water-proof enclosed gas analyzer (LI7200, LI-COR, the USA) and handmade wetness sensors. A SVAT (soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer) multilayer model with two rainfall interception solutions (free gas exchange with interception only by the adaxial surface and no gas exchange with interception by both surfaces) has been used to figure out the distribution of rainfall interception, snow melting water distribution and photosynthesis process of wet canopy.</p><p>The results include precipitation events from 4 years, showing that interception can happen not only on the adaxial surface but also on both surfaces. Meanwhile, when the intensity of rainfall events enhanced, the possibility of interception on both surfaces increased. Hence, such kind of needle leaf can process photosynthesis during the rainfall. Future studies should concentrate on improving the model for snow process and soil respiration. More comparison with other types of forests may also provide worthy results for learning how plants adjust photosynthesis to adapt the climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Comunicando el Cambio Climático desde un Encuadre de Salud = Communicating Climate Change from a Health Frame

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
José Daniel Cáceres Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Resumen: Organismos internacionales coinciden que el cambio climático representa una amenaza para el ser humano, particularmente para su salud. Entidades como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y voces de la comunidad científica han venido advirtiendo sobre los efectos que las distor­siones climáticas están teniendo sobre la propagación de enfermedades cuyos vectores dependen de su entorno. Sectores vitales para el desarrollo social como la distribución del agua, la agricultu­ra, y la sanidad pública se están viendo cada vez más amenazados por la vorágine climatológica. Sin embargo, persiste una indiferencia silenciosa en diferentes segmentos sociales que consideran el Cambio Climático como un problema abstracto o simplemente algo muy sobre sus capacidades de resolución. Desactivar este desafecto, concienciar a la población general y movilizar a la toma de acción han sido unos de los retos que diversos actores sociales han asumido. Uno de los casos de éxito que más llama la atención ha sido el uso de encuadres de salud. El siguiente artículo di­secciona el impacto que el Cambio Climático tiene y presenta el caso sobre el uso de la promoción de la salud en EEUU para concienciar sobre la problemática ambiental.Palabras clave: Salud; Cambio Climático; encuadres; mensaje.Abstract: International organizations agree that climate change poses a threat to the human being, parti­cularly to his health. Entities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and voices from the scientific community have been warning about the effects the climatic distortions are having on the propagation of illnesses which vectors depend on their surroundings. Vital sectors for social development such as water distribution, agriculture, and public health are progressively seeing themselves more threatened by the climatic maelstrom. Nevertheless, an indifferent silence per­sists in different social segments who consider Climate change as an abstract problem or simply something out of their reach to resolve. Deactivating this disaffection, raising awareness in the ge­neral population and mobilize to take action have been some of the challenges social actors have undertaken. One particular success story that grabs the attention is the use of health frames. The following article dissects the impact that Climate Change has and presents the case of the use of health promotion in the USA to raise awareness about the environmental problem.Keywords: Health; Climate Change; Frames; Message.

scholarly journals Effect of strip thinning on rainfall interception in a Japanese cypress plantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinchao Sun ◽  
Yuichi Onda ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Takashi Gomi ◽  
Hikaru Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Japanese Cypress

Determination of the gas exchange phenology in an evergreen coniferous forest from 7 years of eddy covariance flux data using an extended big-leaf analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Kosugi ◽  
Satoru Takanashi ◽  
Masahito Ueyama ◽  
Shinjiro Ohkubo ◽  
Hiroki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Flux Data

The mechanism of snow shift affect seasonal streamflow in the contiguous US

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Wang ◽  
Ross Woods
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Seasonal Flow ◽  
Threshold Mechanism ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Climate Space ◽  
Seasonal Streamflow

<p>Climate warming has caused in a significant decrease in snowpack, increase in precipitation intensity and earlier melt onset. Based on earlier work published in 2014 on changes in streamflow resulting from a shift from snow towards rain, we analysed the sensitivity of seasonal streamflow to the average annual snow fraction in 253 catchments in CAMELS dataset, which have a record length more than 28 years and mean annual snow fraction larger than 15%. The result shows that places (or years) with higher mean annual snow fraction tend to have higher seasonal streamflow. We quantified seasonal sensitivity as a ratio of change in seasonal flow to change in annual snow fraction, for a given annual precipitation.  There are 91%，57% and 51% catchments which showed a positive sensitivity value for Spring, Summer and Winter streamflow, respectively. According to the results of seasonal sensitivity analysis in climate space, we found the largest seasonal sensitivity normally happens at the same regional climate. Places with higher average annual snow fraction tend to have the largest sensitivity in summer, while for places with lower annual snow fraction this largest sensitivity occurs in spring.</p><p>In order to explore the mechanism(s) by which snow fraction change affects seasonal streamflow, we summarized four hypothesised mechanisms from the literature: water-energy synchrony (Mechanism I), inputs exceed threshold (Mechanism II), demand-storage competition (Mechanism III), and energy partitioning (Mechanism IV). Most of the catchments in the western part of the contiguous US can be explained by the mechanism I, II, III and IV, while for catchments in the central US can be explained by mechanism II, III and IV. Catchments in the eastern part (and some scattered in the northern part) can be explained by mechanism III.  Other types of evidence are required to further distinguish between mechanisms in much of the USA. in further research we will use detailed data or hydrologic model to reproduce the hydrological process to find what are the hydrological processes responsible for precipitation phase partitioning changing with climate warming to influence catchment response. These findings would provide an evidence for how does snow affect hydrology, which may help to understand the effect of climate warming on future water resources in snow-dominated regions.</p>

scholarly journals Digital photography for assessing vegetation phenology in two contrasting northern ecosystems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiju Linkosalmi ◽  
Mika Aurela ◽  
Juha-Pekka Tuovinen ◽  
Mikko Peltoniemi ◽  
Cemal M. Tanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Vegetation Phenology ◽  
Repeat Photography ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Ecosystem Flux ◽  
Digital Repeat Photography

Abstract. Digital repeat photography has become a widely used tool for assessing the annual course of vegetation phenology of different ecosystems. A greenness measure derived from digital images potentially provides an inexpensive and powerful means to analyze the annual cycle of ecosystem phenology. By using the Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC), we examined the feasibility of digital repeat photography for assessing the vegetation phenology in two contrasting high-latitude ecosystems. While the seasonal changes in GCC are more obvious for the ecosystem that is dominated by annual plants (open wetland), clear seasonal patterns were also observed for the evergreen ecosystem (coniferous forest). Limited solar radiation restricts the use of images during the night and in wintertime, for which time windows were determined based on images of a grey reference plate. The variability in cloudiness had only a minor effect on GCC, and GCC did not depend on the sun angle and direction either. The GCC of wetland developed in tandem with the daily photosynthetic capacity estimated from the atmosphere-ecosystem flux measurements. At the forest site, the seasonal GCC cycle correlated well with the flux data in 2015 but there were some temporary deviations in 2014. The year-to-year differences were most likely generated by meteorological conditions, especially the differences in temperature. In addition to depicting the seasonal course of ecosystem functioning, GCC was shown to respond to physiological changes on a daily time scale. It seems that our northern sites, with a short and pronounced growing season, suit especially well for the monitoring of phenological variations with digital images.

scholarly journals Ingestion of Novaluron Elicits Transovarial Activity in Stephanitis pyrioides (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimat V. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Nontarget Effects ◽  
Adaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa

Azaleas (Rhododendron L. spp.) are widely grown ornamental plants in eastern and western regions of the USA. The azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is an important insect pest of azaleas. Adults and nymphs of S. pyrioides consume chlorophyll in azalea foliage, and severely affected plants appear bleached. Neonicotinoid insecticides are effective and widely used for S. pyrioides control; however, nursery growers and landscape professionals are concerned about nontarget effects on beneficial insects and demand neonicotinoid-free plants. There is clearly a need to develop reduced-risk control strategies for S. pyrioides. The insect growth regulator (IGR) novaluron elicits transovarial activity when adult S. pyrioides are exposed to it. However, it is not certain whether transovarial effects can be observed when S. pyrioides adults that colonize the abaxial leaf surface ingest novaluron residues deposited on the adaxial leaf surface. Experiments were conducted to assess transovarial activity upon exposure to various application rates of novaluron alone and novaluron with various adjuvants. The numbers of nymphs were significantly lower when the full rate of novaluron was applied on the adaxial surface of leaves compared to the number of nymphs on non-treated leaves. The densities of nymphs were not significantly different between the half and full rates of novaluron treatment. When novaluron with various adjuvants was applied to the adaxial surface of the leaves, the densities of nymphs were significantly lower under the novaluron treatments compared to the non-treated leaves, regardless of the type of adjuvant added. There was no significant difference between treatment with novaluron alone and the treatments of novaluron with adjuvants. These data show that transovarial activity was elicited in adults of S. pyrioides when novaluron was applied on the adaxial leaf surface.

Processes of Water Absorption and Desorption for Intercepted Rainwater by the Leaf of Two Land Cover Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1953-1958
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
De Rong Su
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Water Desorption ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Leaf Level

Rainfall interception is an important hydrological process occurred in soil-plant-atmosphere continunm(SPAC). Understanding the hydrological response in vegetation will help us improve water use efficiency. In this paper, an investigation of leaf water absorption and desorption was conducted through two land cover plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) under simulating rainfall conditions. The purpose was to evaluate the capacity of water retention in the leaf level. The results showed that the leaf water absorption of the two plants was rapid at the initial stage of rainfall interception, tended to be slowness after one hour, and finally got a threshold, which is turgid leaf water content. While the intercepted water by leaf faded away, the leaf started to get desorption. The processes of leaf water desorption of the two plants were similar to the process of leaf water absorption. The rate of desorption was rapidly at the initial stage after water on the leaf surface faded away, then tended to be slow down while a time, and finally got a threshold of leaf water content. Relative to the process of water absorption, the process of water desorption lasted longer time. The models of both water absorption and desorption can be expressed as: C=C0(1-e-kt). The results also showed that turgid leaf water content rose linearly with the increase of SLA.

Atmospheric 210Pb as a tracer for soil organic carbon transport in a coniferous forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistu T. Teramage ◽  
Yuichi Onda ◽  
Yoshifumi Wakiyama ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Takashi Kanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Japanese Cypress ◽  
Shape Model ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Carbon Transport

Core soils and falling litter samples were collected in a Japanese cypress forest (Chamaecyparis obtusa) to determine the litter-fed 210Pbex and organic carbon transfer from the forest canopy to soil and their subsequent distribution; and designated as Inverted U-shape Model.

Canopy conductance and gas exchange of a Japanese cypress forest after rainfall‐induced wetness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjie Jiao ◽  
Yoshiko Kosugi ◽  
Yuichi Sempuku ◽  
Ting‐wei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Japanese Cypress
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