Urov endemic disease: peculiarities of biogeochemical food chains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Ermakov ◽  
Uliana Gulyaeva ◽  
Valentina Danilova ◽  
Vladimir Safonov ◽  
Sergey Tyutikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Endemic Disease ◽  
Eastern Transbaikalia ◽  
Beck Disease

<p>The comparative assessment of the levels of content and migration parameters of biologically active chemical elements in the biogeochemical food chains of the main localities of the Urov  endemic disease in the Eastern Transbaikalia: rocks-soils-plants-animal hair, milk was conducted. The differentiated polyelement microelementosis with an excess of Sr [1], Mn, Cr, Ni, in some cases – P, Ba, As, Zn  and deficiency of Se, J, Cu, and Mo is typical in Urov biogeochemical provinces of Eastern Transbaikalia against the background territories. Soil landscapes are not much different in content of selenium, but its migration in plants was reduced in places of spread of Urov disease. Parameters of migration of chemical elements in the soil-plant complex reflected on their content in wheat, hair cover of animals and milk cows. The sources of this imbalance are soil-forming rocks, specific conditions of soil formation (accumulation of organic matter in freezing soils of narrow valleys with a high degree of moisture and low flow, and selective concentration by plants). For floodplain soils with a high level of organic matter is characterized by a high content of micromycetes of the genus Fusarium as their species composition and abundance. The data obtained are consistent with the results of research by Chinese scientists on the assessment of the chemical elemental composition of hair in healthy children and with Urov Kashin-Beck pathology [2] and considered as risk factors in the genesis of this endemic disease.</p><div>Funding</div><div>This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 19-05-00054</div><div> </div><p>References</p><ol><li>Ermakov V.V., U. A. Gulyaeva, S. F. Tyutikov, T. G. Kuz’mina, and V. A. Safonov. Biogeochemistry of Calcium and Strontium in the Landscapes of Eastern Transbaikalia. Geochemistry International, 2017, 55 (12). P. 1105–1117. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS0016702917090026</li> <li>Wang X., Ning Y., Zhang P., Li C., Zhou R., Guo X. Hair multi-bioelement profile of Kashin-Beck disease in the endemic regions of China. J Trace Elem Med Biol., 2019. 54 (July 2019). P. 79-97. https://rareomics.healx.io/disease/kashin-beck-disease.</li> </ol>

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF APPLE FRUITS OF ALTAI VARIETIES AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Autumn And Winter

A comparative analysis of the varietal variability of the fruits of 71 varieties of apple trees of Altai selection in terms of biochemical composition, according to generally accepted methods using statistical variation analysis based on long-term research, was carried out. Correlations were revealed between the content of chemical elements depending on other characteristics of the fruit and the period of ripening. The average content of soluble dry matter in fruits is from an average 15.5% in summer varieties to a high 16.2–16.3% in varieties with autumn and winter ripening. On average, the content of total sugars in fruits is high and varies insignificantly from 12.7 to 12.9%, the content of titratable acids in fruits is high – 1.0%. The content of ascorbic acid is higher in fruits of varieties with summer ripening and is 24.0 mg / 100 g, with autumn – 19.6 mg / 100 g, with winter – 22.0 mg / 100 g. As a result of selection for the qualitative improvement of fruits apple trees in Altai revealed a negative correlation of the biochemistry of the fetus, depending on its size for all indicators. Fruits of a significant part of varieties created in Altai have good taste, of which 27 have a sugar-acid index of 15–25. The fruits of the varieties Alpek, Altai Velvet, Altai New Year, Altai ruddy, Altai sweet, Gornoaltayskoe, Zolotaya taiga, Pepinka Altai have a very high sugar content of more than 15%, a high value of the sum of sugars – in fruits of 59 varieties from 10.0 to 14.9%. Varieties with high biochemical characteristics are their sources in breeding for improved biochemical composition of fruits.

scholarly journals Average annual background quantity of chemical elements and organic matter in the streams of the "River" environment flowing into Lake Baikal reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-447
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Astrakhantseva ◽  
◽  
Oleg Yu. Palkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The South ◽  
River Flows ◽  
Chemical Balance ◽  
Biogenic Components ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
Natural Component

The aim of the article is to assess the average long-term background hydrochemical input of chemical elements and organic matter from the flows of the natural component of the environment "Rivers" flowing into the South, Selenginsky, Middle and North reservoirs of Lake. Baikal. The results of calculation of the average annual amount (g/year) of chemical elements and organic matter (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al, Si, Mn2+, Feобщ , SO42-, HCO3-, Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, Cr, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sr, Zn, Co, U, V, Mo, Cорг, Nорг, Pорг, Sорг, CO2, Ti) in the streams of the natural component of the environment "Rivers" flowing into the South, Selenginsky, Sredniy, Severny reservoirs of Lake Baikal are presented. The scale of the river chemical input into the reservoirs and the contribution of the "River" flows to the chemical balances of these reservoirs have been determined. It has been established that only in the Selenga reservoir the rivers carry a significant amount of matter (about 3%). The contribution of river flows to the chemical balance of the reservoir is 3.54; 5.4; 17.5 and 21.5% in the South, Selenga, Middle and North reservoirs, respectively. The rivers flowing into the Selenga reservoir carry 70.6% of the total amount of matter brought by the rivers into the lake. Whereas the rivers of the Northern, Middle and Southern reservoirs carry 14.0; 11.6 and 3.8% of the matter. Only in the Selenga and Northern reservoirs, the rivers (tributaries) are the main sources of macrocomponents (K+, Na+, Ca2+, SO42-, CO3-, Cl-), a number of microcomponents (Rb, Mo, Hg, Sr, and Cu and Zn in the Selenga river-), organic matter (Corgг, Norg, Porg), and biogenic components in the Selenga reservoir (NO3-).

scholarly journals Decentralized wastewater treatment using a bioelectrochemical system to produce methane and electricity

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Castro ◽  
Varun Srinivasan ◽  
Joshua Jack ◽  
Caitlyn S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Bioelectrochemical System ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Decentralized Treatment ◽  
Suspended Growth

Biological electrochemical systems (BESs) have the potential for decentralized treatment in developing countries. A 46 L, two-chamber, hydraulically partitioned microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed to replicate low-flow scenarios leaving a composting toilet. The co-evolution of electricity and methane in this MFC was evaluated by testing two distinct waste streams: synthetic feces (Case F) and municipal primary effluent (Case W). Oxidation of organic matter was 76 ± 24% during Case F and 67 ± 21% during Case W. Methanogenesis was dominant in the anode, yielding potential power of 3.3 ± 0.64 W/m3 during Case F and 0.40 ± 0.07 W/m3 during Case W. Electrical power production was marginal, Case F = 4.7 ± 0.46 and Case W = 10.6 ± 0.39 μW/m3, although potentially useful in energy-limited areas. Complimentary batch cultivations with anode inocula yielded greater methane production in the presence of graphite. 74 ± 11% more methane was produced with graphite than suspended growth enrichments and 58 ± 10% more than enrichments with non-conductive plastic beads. The co-production of methane and electricity in an MFC may have utility in decentralized treatment. Further work is needed to optimize power from both electricity and methane.

Biologically Active Organic Matter in Soils of European Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Semenov ◽  
B. M. Kogut ◽  
N. B. Zinyakova ◽  
N. P. Masyutenko ◽  
L. S. Malyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Organic Matter

Pediatric reference intervals for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D using the DiaSorin LIAISON XL assay in the healthy CALIPER cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Higgins ◽  
Dorothy Truong ◽  
Nicole M.A. White-Al Habeeb ◽  
Angela W.S. Fung ◽  
Barry Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Background: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the biologically active vitamin D metabolite, plays a critical role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. 1,25(OH)2D is measured to assess calcium and phosphate metabolism, particularly during periods of profound growth and development. Despite its importance, no reliable pediatric reference interval exists, with those available developed using adult populations or out-dated methodologies. Using the fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay by DiaSorin, we established 1,25(OH)2D pediatric reference intervals using healthy children and adolescents from the CALIPER cohort. Methods: Serum samples from healthy subjects (0 to <19 years) were analyzed for 1,25(OH)2D using the DiaSorin LIAISON XL assay and age-specific reference intervals were established. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to determine seasonal differences. Pooled neonatal and infantile samples were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine if elevated concentrations during the first year of life may be attributed to cross-reacting moieties. Results: Three reference interval age partitions were required with highest levels in subjects 0 to <1 year (77–471 pmol/L), which declined and narrowed after 1 year (113–363 pmol/L) and plateaued at 3 years (108–246 pmol/L). 1,25(OH)2D concentration was not significantly affected by seasonal variation or sex. Elevated 1,25(OH)2D concentrations in neonatal and infantile samples may be the result of an interfering substance. The absence of 3-epi-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the pooled samples makes it unlikely to be the interfering moiety. Conclusions: Pediatric reference intervals for 1,25(OH)2D were established to improve test result interpretation in children and adolescents. 1,25(OH)2D is elevated in a proportion of neonates and infants, which may be the result of a cross-reacting moiety.

Stabilization of organic carbon isolated from cryoconite holes in polar and mountain systems by 13С NMR spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vjacheslav Polyakov ◽  
Evgeny Abakumov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Additional Contribution

&lt;p&gt;Black carbon is one of the short-lived climatically significant factors. This term refers to climate-forming substances that are located for a short amount of time in the atmosphere - from several days to several years. To identify the role of cryoconite in the conditions of a possible climatic crisis, the stabilization of organic matter isolated from cryoconite holes was assessed. Humic acids are part of the organic matter accumulating in soils and cryoconites and are heterogeneous systems of high-molecular condensed compounds formed as a result of the decomposition of organic remains of plants and animals in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Climatic parameters, precursors of humification, and the local position in the landscape determine the diversity of the composition and properties of HAs. Stabilization of organic material is defined as the transformation of organic matter into a state inaccessible to soil microorganisms, and the very property of stabilization is a characteristic stage in the dynamics of carbon. Using 13C NMR spectroscopy, we determined the proportion of aromatic and aliphatic compounds in the composition of HAs in order to assess the stabilization of organic matter in cryoconites from Mount Elbrus (Caucasus Mountains, Russia), the Arctic (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago, Russia) and Antarctica (King George Island, West Antarctica).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Samples for qualitative analysis of carbon accumulated in cryoconites were carried out during fieldwork in 2020. The studied samples were analyzed at the Department of Applied Ecology, St. Petersburg State University. Humic acids (HAs) were extracted from each sample according to a published IHSS protocol. Solid-state CP/MAS &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-NMR spectra of HAs were measured with a Bruker Avance 500 NMR spectrometer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thus, it follows from the obtained results that aliphatic fragments of humic acids predominate in all studied cryoconites. A similar composition of humic acids testifies to a single mechanism of accumulation and development of organic matter in glacier regions. Low biological activity and climatic features prevent condensation of high-molecular compounds in the organic matter of cryoconite holes. This is an essential prerequisite for high rates of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere under the conditions of deglaciation of the studied regions. With the thawing of glaciers and the ingress of cryoconites into warmer conditions, an additional contribution of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere can occur and, therefore, increase the possible climate crisis on our planet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 19-05-50107.&lt;/p&gt;

ERD Drilling Record Achieved in the Gulf of Thailand with an Outstanding Drilling Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manchukarn Naknaka ◽  
Trinh Dinh Phu ◽  
Khamawat Siritheerasas ◽  
Pattarapong Prasongtham ◽  
Feras Abu-Jafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand

Abstract The objective of this research is to describe the methodology used to drill the most extended reach well (ERD) in the Gulf of Thailand. The Jasmine field is a mature, sophisticated, oil field with many shallow reservoir targets that require a minimum 10,000ft horizontal displacement. As such, the main challenges faced, and the novel technology applied is described in detail by this research. The research is an example of successfully drilling a challenging well, safely and efficiently. The Jasmine C – Well X, is a 3-string design structure with an 11-3/4in top hole, an 8-1/2in intermediate section, and a 6-1/8in reservoir horizontal section. Well X was constructed by utilizing an existing platform well slot. The challenge involved drilling from the top hole to the kickoff point and directional drilling away from the casing stump of the existing well to avoid any collision with nearby wells emanating from the Jasmine C platform. The 8-1/2in hole section was the most important segment as it had to reach the landing point precisely in order to start the 6-1/8in section for GeoSteering in the reservoir section. The 8-1/2in section encountered three challenges that could affect drilling efficiency.Directional Drilling – The complexities of the well profile:The method involved making well inclination (INC) lower than 82deg in the tangent interval in order to reduce the well's tortuosity as much as possible.Hole condition – Hole cleaning and fluid losses control:The method involved the use of Low Toxicity Oil Based Mud (LTOBM) CaCO3 system, the chemical elements in the drilling fluid system could help to seal the high permeable zones.Drilling Engineering – Torque and Drag (T&D) control:The method taked into account the 7in casing run to the bottom of the hole, which the casing driven system did not allow for rotation The well was completed successfully without any additional trips. A Total Depth (TD) was of 13,052ftMD was achieved to reach reservoirs at 3,260ft TVDSS. It was therefore announced in 2019 as a new ERD record for Mubadala Thailand (ERD ratio = 3.26, Directional Difficulty Index (DDI) = 6.95). The top hole and 9-5/8in casing were set in the right depth. An 8-1/2in section was accomplished on the planned trajectory with an average on bottom Rate of Penetration (ROP) at 319 ft/hr. The 6-1/8in section was drilled by geosteering to achieve sub-surface objectives. A total of 2,143ft intervals inside the reservoir was successfully achieved. While drilling, lost circulation events occured, but the mud system was conditioned with Lost Circulation Materials (LCM). Therefore, drilling performance was unaffected. Moreover, the Bit's Total Flow Area (TFA) and Rotary steering systems (RSS) flow restrictor was configured to allow directional drilling at a very low Flow rate of 470gpm. Addition, 30 joints of 5-1/2in Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (HWDP) and 39 joints of 4in HWDP were added into the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) to transfer string weight to drill bitsand drill to well TD. As complexities of the well profile were fully aware, the casing was runned and minimized the open hole friction until the casing was deployed successfully. In the Gulf of Thailand, drilling the longest ERD well in a shallow True Vertical Depth (TVD) was clearly groundbreaking and entailed the successful management of the key operational challenges related to identification, job planning, design, technology selection, and implementation. This research illuminates the challenges and technical solutions of long ERD well and serves as an example of what can be achieved in the region and globally.

Assessing the removal potential of soil-aquifer treatment systems for bulk organic matter

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rauch ◽  
J.E. Drewes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Organic Fractions

The fate of effluent organic matter (EfOM) during groundwater recharge was investigated by studying the removal behavior of four bulk organic carbon fractions isolated from a secondary effluent: Hydrophilic organic matter (HPI), hydrophobic acids (HPO-A), colloidal organic matter (OM), and soluble microbial products (SMPs). Short-term removal of the bulk organic fractions during soil infiltration was simulated in biologically active soil columns. Results revealed that the four organic fractions showed a significantly different behavior with respect to biological removal. HPI and colloidal OM were prone to biological removal during initial soil infiltration (0-30 cm) and supported soil microbial biomass growth in the infiltrative surface. Additionally, colloidal OM was partly removed by physical adsorption or filtration. HPO-A and SMPs reacted recalcitrant towards biological degradation as indicated by low soil biomass activity responses. Adsorbability assessment of the biologically refractory portions of the fractions onto powered activated carbon (PAC) indicated that physical removal is not likely to play a significantly role in further diminishing recalcitrant HPO-A, HPI and SMPs during longer travel times in the subsurface.

scholarly journals Distribution Profile of Chemical Elements during the Last 13 Thousand Years from the Sediments of Maloye Yarovoe Lake (Western Siberia, Russia)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3001
Author(s):  
Marina Kolpakova ◽  
Olga Gaskova ◽  
Svetlana Borzenko ◽  
Sergey Krivonogov ◽  
Olga Naymushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Kulunda Steppe ◽  
Lake Stage

The article presents the studies on understanding the chemical evolution of Maloye Yarovoe lake that is located in the semi-arid landscape of and represent the most widespread chemical type of saline lake (Cl-Na) on the territory of Kulunda steppe (south of Western Siberia). The lake has gone through several changes in its state which are well represented in its sediments: section 1 (4.52–4.97 m) represents the subbase; section 2 (3.0–4.57 m) corresponds to a “shallow lake” stage and contains two sublayers; section 3 (0–2.25 m) illustrates an increase in erosion of the shoreline and corresponds to a “deep lake” stage. The extrapolation of radiocarbon dates suggests that the most significant changes in the state of the lake occurred at about 6.5–7.1 ka BP (transition from a small lake to a large one with intensified coastal erosion) and at about 5.69 and 3.5 ka BP (increase in the organic component). The results of sequential extraction of elements correspond to chemical changes occurred in a certain time of the lake state by changing in their distribution level and fraction type along the core. The results of lake water evaporation and organic matter degradation modelling performed in Phreeqc for oxic and anoxic condition showed the following stages of chemical divides could be expected in case of further lakes desiccation: Halite—Epsomite—Bischofite/Carnalite with possibility of Nahcolite precipitation in carbonate enriched periods (summer and autumn periods of organic matter degradation). Water–rock interaction processes in combination with biogeochemical reactions affect drastically not only the migration features of elements in water and sediments, but also the type of mineral crystallization in lake sediments.

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