Rapid Detection of Earthquake Rupture Directivity Using Strong Ground Motion Data in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Feng Wu ◽  
Ting-Li Lin ◽  
Ying-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Directivity Effect ◽  
Source Studies

<p>In the past decade, there have been several disaster earthquakes occurred in Taiwan.<br>From the observed data of the disaster earthquakes, the stations located in the source<br>rupture direction have obvious directivity pulses, and the distribution of the earthquake<br>disaster is related to the peak ground velocity. Therefore, how to use a large and high-<br>dense seismic database to develop a near-real-time detection system on the earthquake<br>rupture directivity, which is a very important task in Taiwan. In this study, we determine<br>the earthquake rupture directivity using near-field velocity data from 1991 to 2018, which<br>were collected under the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrument Program (TSMIP). The used<br>method is mainly constructed in the interpolation of the peak-ground-velocity map and<br>the directional attenuation regression analysis. Through the analysis of moderate-to-large<br>magnitude (M L > 5.5) seismic events, the source rupture directivity can be detected<br>effectively and quickly by the applied method. The detection results are also comparable<br>with those from the previous source studies. We also find out a linear relationship between<br>the directivity effect and earthquake magnitude. Since the TSMIP station may provide<br>real-time services in the future, the detection system proposed by this research can quickly<br>provide disaster prediction information, which is of great importance for earthquake<br>emergency response and hazard mitigation.</p>

Near-Real-Time Estimates on Earthquake Rupture Directivity Using Near-Field Ground Motion Data From a Dense Low-Cost Seismic Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 7496-7503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyh Cherng Jan ◽  
Hsin-Hua Huang ◽  
Yih-Min Wu ◽  
Chien-Chih Chen ◽  
Cheng-Horng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Time Estimates

scholarly journals The INGV real time strong motion data sharing during the 2016 Amatrice (central Italy) seismic sequence

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Massa ◽  
Ezio D'Alema ◽  
Chiara Mascandola ◽  
Sara Lovati ◽  
Davide Scafidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
The Web

<p><em>ISMD is the real time INGV Strong Motion database. During the recent August-September 2016 Amatrice, Mw 6.0, seismic sequence, ISMD represented the main tool for the INGV real time strong motion data sharing.  Starting from August 24<sup>th</sup>,  the main task of the web portal was to archive, process and distribute the strong-motion waveforms recorded  by the permanent and temporary INGV accelerometric stations, in the case of earthquakes with magnitude </em><em>≥</em><em> 3.0, occurring  in the Amatrice area and surroundings.  At present (i.e. September 30<sup>th</sup>, 2016), ISMD provides more than 21.000 strong motion waveforms freely available to all users. In particular, about 2.200 strong motion waveforms were recorded by the temporary network installed for emergency in the epicentral area by SISMIKO and EMERSITO working groups. Moreover, for each permanent and temporary recording site, the web portal provide a complete description of the necessary information to properly use the strong motion data.</em></p>

ISMD, a Web Portal for Real-Time Processing and Dissemination of INGV Strong-Motion Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Massa ◽  
S. Lovati ◽  
G. Franceschina ◽  
E. D'Alema ◽  
S. Marzorati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Motion Data

scholarly journals Rupture history of the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) main shocks from the inversion of GPS, DInSAR and near field strong motion data

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hernandez ◽  
M. Cocco ◽  
F. Cotton ◽  
S. Stramondo ◽  
O. Scotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Main Shocks ◽  
History Of

Near-fault seismic risk assessment of simply supported bridges

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhong ◽  
Linwei Jiang ◽  
Yutao Pang ◽  
Wancheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Seismic Demand ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Directivity Effect ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Bridge Models

Bridges tend to sustain excessive seismic demand (e.g. displacement) under pulse-like ground motions attributing to the effect of forward directivity, which is of high likely to occur at locations near the fault rupture. This study tries to incorporate the pulse effect into the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and probabilistic seismic demand analysis (PSDA) framework, which are combined to quantify the risk of earthquake-induced damage in the near-fault location. The near-fault PSDA and PSHA are established and connected conditioned on peak ground velocity (PGV). Four sets of typical simply supported bridge types with the varying heights, representing the range of the period, are simulated by taking account the strength and stiffness degradation associated with material and geometry nonlinearity. The detailed investigation of the near-fault seismic risk is performed for these bridge models located at representative near-fault sites namely 5, 10, 15, and 20 km, respectively. The results reveal that near-field directivity effect strongly impacts the bridge damage risk with the observation of higher risk at the closer site; the bridges with the period of approximately Tp/2(pulse period) tend to experience the highest seismic risk, and the relative vulnerability of four bridge types is also compared.

scholarly journals Source and strong-motion characteristics of two M > 6 buried earthquakes in southwest Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ying Wen ◽  
Yin-Tung Yen ◽  
Chun-Hsiang Kuo ◽  
Kuo‐En Ching
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Site Response ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Nonlinear Site Response ◽  
Layer Region

Abstract We used near-field strong-motion data to investigate the complex combination of source effect and site response for two recent disastrous earthquakes in southwest Taiwan. We estimated strong-motion generation areas (SMGAs) of 2.8 km × 2.8 km and 6.0 km × 4.2 km in a frequency band of 0.4–10 Hz for the 2010 Jiashian and 2016 Meinong earthquakes, respectively. The high-stress drops of 26.2 and 17.0 MPa for these two buried events were potentially related to the small dimension and deep rupture. Our results revealed that both earthquakes exhibited westward rupture directivity, whereas the 2016 Meinong event exhibited a stronger directivity effect because of the consistency between the propagation and slip directions. The localized high peak ground velocity (PGV) patch and the nonlinear site response could be attributed to the soft sediment with high pore fluid pressure and low-velocity structure beneath this region. However, the greater seismic moment and closer faulting location to the thick-mudstone-layer region for the 2016 Meinong event reinforced the strong ground shaking and serious damage over the broad area. This implies that this thick-mudstone-layer region in southern Taiwan plays a crucial role in earthquake response, and an investigation of characteristic site effects should be conducted for seismic hazard mitigation. Graphic abstract

Loreto Intermediate Depth Earthquake of 26 May 2019 (Northeast Peru): Source Parameters by Inversion of Local to Regional Waveforms and Strong-Motion Observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Tavera ◽  
Bertrand Delouis ◽  
Arturo Mercado ◽  
David Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Slab Geometry ◽  
Nazca Plate ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Motion Data

Abstract The Loreto earthquake of 26 May 2019 occurred below the extreme northeast part of Peru at a depth of 140 km within the subducting Nazca plate at a distance of 700 km from the trench Peru–Chile. The orientation of the seismic source was obtained from waveform inversion in the near field using velocity and strong-motion data. The rupture occurred in normal faulting corresponding to a tensional process with T axis oriented in east–west direction similar to the direction of convergence between the Nazca and South America plates. The analysis of the strong-motion data shows that the levels of ground shaking are very heterogeneous with values greater than 50 Gal up to distances of 300 km; the maximum recorded acceleration of 122 Gal at a distance of 100 km from the epicenter. The Loreto earthquake is classified as a large extensional event in the descending Nazca slab in the transition from flat-slab geometry to greater dip.

A Seismic Intensity Survey of the 16 April 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales, Ecuador, Earthquake: A Comparison with Strong-Motion Data and Teleseismic Backprojection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Smith ◽  
Walter D. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Crustal Earthquakes ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract We conducted a seismic intensity survey in Ecuador, following the 16 April 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales earthquake, to document the level of damage caused by the earthquake. Our modified Mercalli intensities (MMIs) reach a maximum value of VIII along the coast, where single, two, and multistory masonry and concrete designed buildings partially or completely collapsed. The contours of our MMI maps are similar in shape to the contour maps of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV). A comparison of our seismic intensities with the recorded PGA and PGV values reveals that our MMI values are lower than predicted by ground-motion intensity conversion equations that are based on shallow crustal earthquakes. The image of the earthquake rupture obtained using teleseismic backprojection at 0.5–2.0 Hz is coincident with the region of maximum MMI, PGA, and PGV values, Thus, rapid calculation of backprojection may be a useful tool for guiding the deployment of emergency response teams following large earthquakes. The most severe damage observed was, primarily, due to a combination of poorly constructed buildings and site conditions.

The SMART I Accelerograph Array (1980-1987): A Review

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Abrahamson ◽  
B. A. Bolt ◽  
R. B. Darragh ◽  
J. Penzien ◽  
Y. B. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Time Histories

SMART 1 is the first large digital array of strong-motion seismographs specially designed for engineering and seismological studies of the generation and near-field properties of earthquakes. Since the array began operation in September 1980, it has recorded over 3000 accelerogram traces from 48 earthquakes ranging in local magnitude ( ML) from 3.6 to 7.0. Peak ground accelerations have been recorded up to 0.33g and 0.34g on the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Epicentral distances have ranged from 3 km 200 km from the array center, and focal depths have ranged from shallow to 100 km. The recorded earthquakes had both reverse and strike-slip focal mechanisms associated with the subduction zone and transform faults. These high quality, digital, ground motions provide a varied resource for earthquake engineering research. Earthquake engineering studies of the SMART 1 ground motion data have led to advances in knowledge in several cases: for example, on frequency-dependent incoherency of free-surface ground motions over short distances, on response of linear systems to multiple support excitations, on attenuation of peak ground-motion parameters and response spectra, on site torsion and phasing effects, and on the identification of wave types. Accelerograms from individual strong-motion seismographs do not, in general, provide such information. This review describes the SMART 1 array and the recorded earthquakes with special engineering applications. Also, it tabulates the unfiltered peak array accelerations, displays some of the recorded ground motion time histories, and summarizes the main engineering research that has made use of SMART 1 data.

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