Characteristics and Control Priority of Hazardous Air Pollutants in the Metropolitan Areas : A Case Study in Tainan, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Hsiao-Hsuan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Air Toxics ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Airborne Concentration ◽  
The City ◽  
Hot Zone

<p>This research investigated the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), also known as air toxics, emission profiles and the potential health risks in Tainan City in Taiwan. Emission profiles of HAPs were derived by source test data and speciation data bank. Emissions from stationary source, mobile source, and area source were estimated in this study. Airborne concentration of target HAPs had been simulated by Models-3/CMAQ simulation and followed by cancer risk assessments for control priority assessment.</p><p>Five species of air toxics were selected as target component in this study, which included benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and 1,3-butadiene, by weighting the emissions and toxicity factors. Emission estimation indicated that these target air toxics were released by stationary sources with 34.5, 35.0, 5.0, 72.3, 94.5 %, respectively. Emissions of these 5 air toxics from mobile sources were 62.8, 45.4, 94.7. 27.5, 3.5 %, respectively. Area sources contributed less fraction in the city. The simulated annual average concentrations of target air toxics indicated the hot zone of various HAPs present in different location in the city. The airborne concentration of benzene and acetaldehyde in hot zone were mainly caused by mobile source emissions. Concentrations of formaldehyde in hot zone was caused by various sources. Airborne concentrations of acrolein and 1,3-butadiene in hot zone were mainly caused by area sources. The potential health risk assessment imposed by these target air toxics were evaluated by simulated exposure concentrations and with inhalation unit risk factor (cancer risk) and reference concentration level (non-cancer risk), respectively. The results showed 1,3-butadiene would pose the highest carcinogenic potential in the city which were mainly released by area sources. Acrolein had the highest non-carcinogenic potential. The cancer burden, by considering population density and exposure concentration, was higher in downtown area. Formaldehyde was the critical HAP which would impose the highest impacts on people caused by dense emission from mobile sources.</p>

scholarly journals Emission Characteristics and Risk Assessment in an Industrial Metropolitan Area in Taiwan using the AERMOD Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Wei-Ting Gu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Toxics ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Port Operations ◽  
Aermod Model ◽  
Stationary Sources

Abstract. Air toxics, also known as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), have gained increased public awareness in recent years. Air toxics may be released from various sources, such as mobile sources, stationary sources, and fugitive emissions. This study investigated profiles of air toxics from mobile sources, stationary sources, and the operations in a port in an industrial metropolitan area in Taiwan. Six carcinogens, including benzene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, arsenic, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and diesel particulate matter (DPM), were chosen as the target pollutants. The AERMOD model was applied to simulate the concentrations of the ambient air toxic species, and the concentrations were used to evaluate cancer risk. Cancer risk for each air toxic was also investigated to evaluate the potential impact on residents. The results of the emission estimation for the base year (2014) showed that the emissions of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and formaldehyde could be mainly attributed to mobile sources in the study areas. The contributions, in order, were 86 %, 77 %, and 69 %. DPM emissions from port operations accounted for 76 %, and most of the arsenic (70 %) and 2,3,7,8-TCDD (99 %) were emitted from stationary sources, especially from the steel industry. Approximately 66 % and 32 % of the cancer risk of air toxics were contributed to the emissions from port operations and on-road vehicles, respectively, in this area, and approximately 1.4 % of the risk was contributed to stationary sources. DPM was the pollutant that posed the highest cancer risk among all six air toxics. It accounted for more than 80 % of the overall cancer risk, followed by 1,3-butadiene (10 %), benzene (4.7 %), formaldehyde (1.2 %), arsenic (0.7 %), and 2,3,7,8-TCDD (0.2 %). The dominant sources of DPM were ocean-going vessels and diesel trucks.

Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSATs) from High Efficiency Clean Combustion: Catalytic Exhaust Treatment Effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1157-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. E. Storey ◽  
Samuel A. Lewis ◽  
James E. Parks ◽  
James P. Szybist ◽  
Teresa L. Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Air Toxics ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Exhaust Treatment ◽  
Clean Combustion

scholarly journals Simulation of Air Pollution from Mobile Source Emissions in the City of Rio de Janeiro

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C.B. Campos ◽  
A.S. Pimentel ◽  
S.M. Corrêa ◽  
G. Arbilla
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Mobile Source Emissions ◽  
The City

Participatory Design of Public Spaces for Urban Agriculture, Rosario, Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Marielle Dubbeling ◽  
Laura Bracalenti ◽  
Laura Lagorio
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The City

Urban agriculture is increasingly recognized for its potential contribution to more sustainable urban development. Urban agriculture includes the cultivation and raising, processing and marketing of food and non-food crops, medicinal and aromatic herbs, fruit trees, as well as animal products within urban and periurban areas. Urban agriculture positively impacts urban food security, local economic development, environmental management and community building. To reconcile the demands posed by urban growth with urban agriculture activities of high social and economic value, urban agriculture however should be included into land use planning and design, and regulated by municipalities, assuring its proper management and avoiding potential health and environmental risks. Open and green urban spaces could be designed for multifunctional urban agriculture and combine natural habitat, food production, educational, recreational and leisure activities. Such design processes would benefit from broad participation of urban planners and architects, urban farmers, citizens and slum inhabitants as to enhance ownership and engagement, more effectively use available local resources and give the process a higher credibility and wider outreach. This article shares the experience of Rosario, Argentina where the city planners and University staff collaborated with two low-income communities in the design and implementation of a multifunctional neighborhood park, public square and road reserve. A step-by-step participatory design process was followed: starting from initial visioning, defining and relating the various existing and multi-functional land uses desired, to elaborating the site plan, and agreeing on implementation procedures. The article briefly contextualizes the site and its inhabitants, illustrates the design process and the results achieved and highlights some of the problems encountered. Participatory design of open spaces for urban agriculture in Rosario- though a complex process- proved to have contributed to improving socio-economic and environmental conditions in the city, while also serving as a source of inspiration to other cities in the region.

scholarly journals Social conditions and urban environment associated with participation in the Ciclovia program among adults from Cali, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Gómez ◽  
Janeth Mosquera ◽  
Olga Lucia Gómez ◽  
José Moreno ◽  
Jose D. Pinzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
The City

Abstract The Ciclovia program (CP) has emerged as an effective initiative to promote active living in urban spaces in Latin America. This study assessed the association between social conditions, the urban environment and participation in the CP among adults living in the city of Cali, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 among 719 adults aged 18 to 44. Urban environment measures were obtained using Geographic Information Systems. A multilevel logistic regression was used for the analysis. Slightly more than 7% of participants had participated in the CP in the previous four weekends. Being male and having a high school degree were positively associated with participation in the CP. Participation in the CP was positively associated with living in neighborhoods with Ciclovia lanes. In contrast, a negative association was found among those living in neighborhoods with a presence of traffic fatalities. This study provides new insights about a recreational program that has potential health benefits in a region marked by urban inequalities in terms of opportunities for physical activity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Impacts Produced by Anthropogenic Sources in a Little City near an Important Industrial Area (Modugno, Southern Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martino Amodio ◽  
Gianluigi de Gennaro ◽  
Annalisa Marzocca ◽  
Livia Trizio ◽  
Maria Tutino
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The City

An annual monitoring campaign of VOCs, consisting of twelve sampling periods, was carried out from June 2008 to June 2009 in Modugno, a city located in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), in order to assess the urban air quality, identify the main emission sources, and quantify the cancer and no-cancer risk attributable to inhalation exposures. Monitoring, carried out by using the Radiello diffusive samplers, was conducted in eleven sampling sites throughout the city taking into account the traffic density and the architecture of the city. From the study of the data, it was found that, among all considered VOCs, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are the pollutants at higher concentration. The analysis of VOC concentrations, the study of the topography of the city, and the use of different diagnostic ratios between the BTEX species showed that the vehicular traffic emissions were the predominant source of VOCs in the urban area of Modugno. Despite that the annual concentration of benzene is lower than the regulatory limit, the estimation of cancer risk showed that the global lifetime cancer risk attributed to the investigated VOC exposure was not negligible and therefore should be taken into account in future regulatory approaches.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in Cancer Risk from Air Toxics in Maryland

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Apelberg ◽  
Timothy J. Buckley ◽  
Ronald H. White
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Air Toxics

scholarly journals Cancer potencies and margin of exposure used for comparative risk assessment of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes aerosols with cigarette smoke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Rodrigo ◽  
Guy Jaccard ◽  
Donatien Tafin Djoko ◽  
Alexandra Korneliou ◽  
Marco Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Margin Of Exposure

Abstract Health risk associated with the use of combustible cigarettes is well characterized and numerous epidemiological studies have been published for many years. Since more than a decade, innovative non-combusted tobacco products have emerged like heated tobacco products (HTP) or electronic cigarettes (EC). Long-term effects of these new products on health remain, however, unknown and there is a need to characterize associated potential health risks. The time dedicated to epidemiological data generation (at least 20 to 40 years for cancer endpoint), though, is not compatible with innovative development. Surrogates need, therefore, to be developed. In this work, non-cancer and cancer risks were estimated in a range of HTP and commercial combustible cigarettes based upon their harmful and potentially harmful constituent yields in aerosols and smoke, respectively. It appears that mean lifetime cancer risk values were decreased by more than one order of magnitude when comparing HTPs and commercial cigarettes, and significantly higher margin of exposure for non-cancer risk was observed for HTPs when compared to commercial cigarettes. The same approach was applied to two commercial ECs. Similar results were also found for this category of products. Despite uncertainties related to the factors used for the calculations and methodological limitations, this approach is valuable to estimate health risks associated to the use of innovative products. Moreover, it acts as predictive tool in absence of long-term epidemiological data. Furthermore, both cancer and non-cancer risks estimated for HTPs and ECs highlight the potential of reduced risk for non-combusted products when compared to cigarette smoking.

Estimating Cancer Risk from Outdoor Concentrations of Hazardous Air Pollutants in 1990

2000 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey J. Woodruff ◽  
Jane Caldwell ◽  
Vincent J. Cogliano ◽  
Daniel A. Axelrad
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants

A Survey on Ethnic Foods and Desserts of Mohr City in Fars

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parmis Badr ◽  
Sedigheh Khademian
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
City Culture ◽  
The City

Ethnic foods, a distinctive part of a cultural group or nation, have recently attracted scientists’ attention because of their potential health benefits. The city of Mohr in Fars province has an old record in history, dating back to periods of Achaemenids and Sasanids. To collect local data about ethnic foods and desserts of Mohr city, a questionnaire was designed and handed out to students of one high school. Thirty female students, familiar with the city culture and rituals, answered the questionnaire. The average age of respondents was 16.04 ± 0.84 years. The references were women in the families, mostly mothers. Thirteen desserts and fourteen types of food were extracted from questionnaires. Among local foods, Sorou, Sholak, Reshtakou, and Gevzeh were highly mentioned. Halva Khorma, Ranginak, Jollab, Caster, and Dishou had higher numbers among Mohr ethnic desserts. Using local products like date, fish, and wheat as food ingredients was more common. Recording old recipes and eating behaviors of ethnic groups are of great importance. For the next step, health benefits of these dishes are suggested to be deeply studied in further research.

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