Multi-method dating of ancient permafrost of the Batagay megaslump, East Siberia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wetterich ◽  
Julian B. Murton ◽  
Phillip Toms ◽  
Jamie Wood ◽  
Alexander Blinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Retrogressive Thaw Slump ◽  
Ice Complex

<p>Dating of ancient permafrost is essential for understanding permafrost stability and interpreting past climate and environmental conditions over Pleistocene timescales but faces substantial challenges to geochronology.</p><p>Here, we date permafrost from the world’s largest retrogressive thaw slump at Batagay in the Yana Upland, East Siberia (67.58 °N, 134.77 °E). The slump headwall exposes four generations of ice and sand-ice (composite) wedges that formed synchronously with permafrost aggradation. The stratigraphy differentiates into a Lower Ice Complex (IC) overlain by a Lower Sand Unit, an Upper IC and an Upper Sand Unit. Two woody beds below and above the Lower Sand Unit represent the remains of two episodes of taiga forest development prior to the Holocene forest. Thus, the ancient permafrost at Batagay potentially provides one of the longest terrestrial records of Pleistocene environments in western Beringia.</p><p>We apply four dating methods to the permafrost deposits to disentangle the chronology of the Batagay permafrost archive – optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz and post-infrared-stimulated luminescence (pIR-IRSL) dating of feldspar as well as accelerator mass spectrometry-based Cl-36/Cl dating of wedge ice and radiocarbon dating of organic material.</p><p>The age information obtained so far indicates that the Batagay permafrost sequence is discontinuous and that the Lower IC developed well before MIS 7, the overlying Lower Sand Unit formed during MIS 6, and the Upper IC and the Upper Sand Unit formed both during MIS 3-2.</p><p>Additional sampling for all dating approaches presented here took place in spring 2019, and is part of ongoing research to enhance the geochronology of the exceptional palaeoenvironmental archive of the Batagay megaslump.</p>

scholarly journals A multimethod dating study of ancient permafrost, Batagay megaslump, east Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Julian B. Murton ◽  
Thomas Opel ◽  
Phillip Toms ◽  
Alexander Blinov ◽  
Margret Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Conditions ◽  
Ice Complex

Abstract Dating of ancient permafrost is essential for understanding long-term permafrost stability and interpreting palaeoenvironmental conditions but presents substantial challenges to geochronology. Here, we apply four methods to permafrost from the megaslump at Batagay, east Siberia: (1) optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz, (2) post-infrared infrared-stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) dating of K-feldspar, (3) radiocarbon dating of organic material, and (4) 36Cl/Cl dating of ice wedges. All four chronometers produce stratigraphically consistent and comparable ages. However, OSL appears to date Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 to MIS 2 deposits more reliably than pIRIR, whereas the latter is more consistent with 36Cl/Cl ages for older deposits. The lower ice complex developed at least 650 ka, potentially during MIS 16, and represents the oldest dated permafrost in western Beringia and the second-oldest known ice in the Northern Hemisphere. It has survived multiple interglaciations, including the super-interglaciation MIS 11c, though a thaw unconformity and erosional surface indicate at least one episode of permafrost thaw and erosion occurred sometime between MIS 16 and 6. The upper ice complex formed from at least 60 to 30 ka during late MIS 4 to 3. The sand unit above the upper ice complex is dated to MIS 3–2, whereas the sand unit below formed at some time between MIS 4 and 16.

scholarly journals Review and assessment of the potential of post-IR IRSL dating methods to circumvent the problem of anomalous fading in feldspar luminescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Zenobia Jacobs ◽  
Richard Roberts ◽  
Sheng-Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Fading Effect ◽  
Dose Levels

AbstractQuartz has been the main mineral used for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments over the last decade. The quartz OSL signal, however, has been shown to saturate at relatively low doses of ∼200–400 Gy, making it difficult to be used for dating beyond about 200 thou-sand years (ka), unless the environmental dose rate is low. The infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) from feldspars has been shown to continue to grow to higher dose levels than quartz OSL. The application of IRSL dating of feldspars, however, has long been hampered by the anomalous fading effect. Recent progress in understanding anomalous fading of the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signals in potassium-feldspar has led to the development of post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) protocols and also a multiple elevated temperature (MET) stimulation (MET-pIRIR) protocol. These procedures have raised the prospect of isolating a non-fading IRSL component for dating Quaternary deposits containing feldspars. In this study, we review the recent progress made on (1) overcoming anomalous fading of feldspar, and (2) the development of pIRIR dating techniques for feldspar. The potential and problems associated with these methods are discussed.

Sonic Movements – Spatial Reflexivity

Somatechnics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Johanna Hällsten
Keyword(s):  
Alarm System ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
Sonic Environment ◽  
Sonic Structures

This article aims to investigate the creation of space and sound in artistic and architectural fields, with particular emphasis on the notions of interval and duration in the production and experience of soundscapes. The discussion arises out of an ongoing research project concerning sonic structures in public places, in which Japanese uguisubari ([Formula: see text]) – ‘nightingale flooring’, an alarm system from the Edo period) plays a key role in developing new kinds of site-specific and location-responsive sonic architectural structures for urban and rural environments. This paper takes uguisubari as its frame for investigating and evaluating how sounds create a space (however temporary), and how that sound in turn is created through movement. It thus seeks to unpick aspects of the reciprocal and performative act in which participant and the space engage through movement, whilst creating a sonic environment that permeates, defines and composes the boundaries of this space. The article will develop a framework for these kinds of works through a discussion on walking, movement, soundscape and somatechnical aspects of our experience of the world, drawing upon the work of Merleau-Ponty, Bergson and the Japanese concept of Ma (space-time).

scholarly journals Vegetational changes during the last millennium inferred from a palynological record from the Bananal Island, Tocantins, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Aguiar da Silveira MENDES ◽  
Etiene Fabbrin PIRES ◽  
Maria Ecilene Nunes da Silva MENESES ◽  
Hermann BEHLING
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
The World ◽  
Sedimentary Core ◽  
Wet Climate ◽  
Previous Phase ◽  
Fluvial Island

The Bananal Island is regarded the largest fluvial island in the world, bounded by Araguaia and Javaés rivers, being located in southwest of Tocantins. The objectives of this work were to provide information about the vegetational changes that occurred at the Bananal Island, in order to contribute to the understanding the dynamics of past and current savanna and areas of ecotones with forests. Thus, a sedimentary core collected from a small lake at the Bananal Island plain was submitted to pollen and radiocarbon dating analyses. The results showed that the last millennium was dominated by forest reflecting a wet climate. At the beginning of the record (920-770 yr cal BP) the wet climate and high rainfall produced flooding during long rainy seasons that maintained the Javaés River connected to the studied lake, and hence, this environment was marked by the presence of a homogenous forest rich in Moraceae/Urticaceae, due to flooded soils occurrence. During the following period (770-304 yr cal BP) the reduced rainfall and shortening of the rainy seasons isolated the lake from the Javaés River for long periods, which caused a diversification of the forest and gave rise to the appearance of the components of floodplain forest and marsh vegetation adapted to waterlogged soils. Since 304 years cal BP to the present day this environment remained dominated by this diverse forest and the lacustrine conditions were also similar to previous phase, with a slight increase of moisture in the last 84 years that caused the increase of Piranhea.

scholarly journals Fire regime and ecosystem responses: adaptive forest management in a changing world (Part 2)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Daniel Moya ◽  
Giacomo Certini ◽  
Peter Z. Fulé
Keyword(s):  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The World

Fire is an ecological factor in ecosystems around the world, made increasingly more critical by unprecedented shifts in climate and human population pressure. The knowledge gradually acquired on the subject is needed to improve fire behaviour understanding and to enhance fire management decision-making. This issue (Volume 28, issue 7, International Journal of Wildland Fire) is Part 2 of a special issue aimed at synthesising ongoing research on preventive management and post-fire restoration, including characterisation of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) and assessing the post-fire restoration of wilderness and WUI areas. Landscape management was also investigated using remote sensing techniques and simulation modelling to improve ecosystem resilience. As in Part 1 (Volume 28, issue 5, International Journal of Wildland Fire), the current issue covers diverse forest settings under scenarios of changing climate and land use. The broad geographical range of these studies highlights key similarities of wildfire issues around the world, but detailed data show unique local circumstances that must be considered. The new information from these six papers helps advance fire ecology and management during a period of rapid change.

Radiocarbon Dating and Egyptian Chronology—From the “Curve of Knowns” to Bayesian Modeling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Höflmayer
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Egyptian Archaeology

Radiocarbon dating has become a standard dating method in archaeology almost all over the world. However, in the field of Egyptology and Near Eastern archaeology, the method is still not fully appreciated. Recent years have seen several major radiocarbon projects addressing Egyptian archaeology and chronology that have led to an intensified discussion regarding the application of radiocarbon dating within the field of Egyptology. This chapter reviews the contribution of radiocarbon dating to the discipline of Egyptology, discusses state-of-the-art applications and their impact on archaeological as well as chronological questions, and presents open questions that will be addressed in the years to come.

scholarly journals A Quality Assurance Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories

Radiocarbon ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Long
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
International Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World

The purpose of this Quality Assurance (QA) protocol is to summarize guidelines that have been accepted by directors of many radiocarbon dating laboratories throughout the world, and by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Some laboratories have followed similar procedures successfully for years. Laboratories that carefully adhere to this protocol will produce consistently reliable data that will be comparable in accuracy to all other laboratories following this or any other equally rigorous quality assurance program. This statement does not, however, pertain to samples with 14C activities highly sensitive to method or degree of pretreatment, as pretreatment techniques vary among laboratories.

scholarly journals Olive oil from the 79 A.D. Vesuvius eruption stored at the Naples National Archaeological Museum (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Sacchi ◽  
Adele Cutignano ◽  
Gianluca Picariello ◽  
Antonello Paduano ◽  
Alessandro Genovese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Glass Bottle ◽  
The World

Abstract Using a range of chromatographic, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric analytical techniques, we characterized one of the “edible items” found at the Vesuvius archeological sites and guarded at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples (MANN) in Naples, Italy. We authenticated the specimen contained in a glass bottle (Mann-S1 sample) as originally olive oil and mapped the deep evolution throughout its 2000 years of storage. Triacylglycerols were completely hydrolyzed, while the resulting (hydroxy) fatty acids had partly condensed into rarely found estolides. A complex pattern of volatile compounds arose mainly from breakdown of oleic acid. With excellent approximation, radiocarbon dating placed the find at the time of the Plinian Mount Vesuvius eruption in 79 A.D., indicating that Mann-S1 is probably the oldest residue of olive oil in the world found in bulk amount (nearly 0.7 L).

Opera talk: A philosophical ‘phantasie’

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kivy
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Train Of Thought ◽  
Variations On A Theme ◽  
Present Effort

The train of thought that I wish to pursue here was initiated by Edward T. Cone's recent essay ‘The World of Opera and its Inhabitants’. To the extent that my views diverge from his I suppose I may be taken for a critical adversary. But I prefer to think of the present effort as more a continuation and development of Professor Cone's ideas than an attempt to refute or criticise them. It is in the spirit of ongoing research rather than the more common one, in my profession, of philosophical confrontation that I offer remarks on the general questions, as posed by Cone: ‘How does the world of opera differ from other dramatic worlds? Who are the people that inhabit it, and what sorts of lives do they lead there?’ More particularly, my question is: What is the nature of operatic utterance? How are operatic characters ‘saying’?In the first section of my paper I will present Professor Cone's answers to these questions. In the second I will go on what will appear, no doubt, to be a completely tangential excursion into R. G. Collingwood's philosophy of art. But in the final two sections I will try to weave these two seemingly disparate strands together into an answer of my own to the questions that Professor Cone has so insightfully raised. Perhaps ‘an answer of my own’ is too strong a phrase to use, implying something more like disagreement than is actually the case. So a better way of describing my whole enterprise, and the final sections especially, is ‘variations on a theme by Cone’.

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