Radiocarbon Dating and Egyptian Chronology—From the “Curve of Knowns” to Bayesian Modeling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Höflmayer
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Egyptian Archaeology

Radiocarbon dating has become a standard dating method in archaeology almost all over the world. However, in the field of Egyptology and Near Eastern archaeology, the method is still not fully appreciated. Recent years have seen several major radiocarbon projects addressing Egyptian archaeology and chronology that have led to an intensified discussion regarding the application of radiocarbon dating within the field of Egyptology. This chapter reviews the contribution of radiocarbon dating to the discipline of Egyptology, discusses state-of-the-art applications and their impact on archaeological as well as chronological questions, and presents open questions that will be addressed in the years to come.

A revolution in radiocarbon dating

Antiquity ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (209) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
New Method ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Atom Counting ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Eastern Studies

The conventional radiocarbon dating method relies on the accurate measurement of a sample's beta-ray decay rate in order to determine the age of the sample. The new method instead counts the individual C14 atoms in a sample using an ultra-sensitive mass spectrometer. There are numerous advantages to this approach. The problem of cosmic ray background does not arise. Shorter counting times on samples a thousand times smaller may be possible. We might also expect the production of more accurate age determinations. The new method will permit a great expansion in the variety of archaeological materials which can be dated because only milligram samples will be required. Research on the design of a dedicated C14 atom-counting machine is now in progress. This note is by E. B. Banning, Department of Near Eastern Studies and Department of Physics Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Toronto, Canada, and L. A. Pavlish, Department of Anthropology and Department of Physics Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Toronto, Canada.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV2 Variants and Vaccines mRNA Spikes Fibonacci Numerical UA/CG Metastructures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Perez
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Stability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fibonacci Numbers ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
Synonymous Codons ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

In this paper, we suggest a biomathematical numerical method analysing mRNA nucleotides sequences based on UA/CG Fibonacci numbers proportions. This method is used to evaluate then compare the spike genes related to the main SARS-CoV2 VARIANTS circulating presently within the world. The 9 main results proposed to be reproduced by peers are: 1/ SARS-CoV2 genome and spike evolution in one year 2020-2021. 2/ SARS-CoV2 Origins. 3/ Comparing 11 reference variants spikes. 4/ analysing 32 CAL.20C california variant patients spikes. 5/ Toward a meta mRNA Fibonacci gene end message code. 6/ analysing S501 UK, S484 South Afrika and « 2 mutations » IINDIA variants. 7/ Suggesting a possible variants spike mRNA palindrome symmetry metastructure improving mRNA stability then infectuosity. 8/ Analysing Fibonacci Metastructures in the mRNA coding for the vaccines PFIZER and MODERNA. 9/ Does the CG-rich modification of the synonymous codons of the spikes of the 2 mRNA vaccines affect the expression and quantity of SARS-CoV2 antibodies? Particularly, we suggest the following conjecture at mRNA folding level : CONJECTURE of SARS-CoV2 VARIANTS: The growth of long Fibonacci structures in the shape of "podiums" for almost all of the variants studied (UK, California, South Afrika, India, etc.) suggests the probable folding of the Spike mRNA in the form of a "hairpin", which can strengthen the cohesion and the lifespan of this mRNA. Finally, we show that this kind of Fibonacci matastructures disapears TOTALLY analysing the published mRNA sequences of PFIZER and MODERNA vaccines. One fact is certain, the 2 mRNAs of the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines will result in a low functionality of the spike vaccine because by doping these sequences in CG rich, their designers, in search of greater STABILITY of these RNAs will have built, according to us , sequences which, as soon as they are inserted into the human host, will seek to mutate, like SARS-CoV2 variants, towards CG ==> UA forms in order to improve, paradoxically, their STABILITY and probably also their LIFETIME.. Particularly, using new biomathematics theoretical methods (Master code and numerical standing waves), and comparing the Spikes of the 2 vaccines Moderna and Phizer, we conclude a very probable difference in stability and shelf life of the 2 respective mRNAs of these 2 vaccines. However, the “State of the Art” will tell you that their 2 protein sequences are strictly identical. However, by having modified their synonymous codons using different strategies, no one can guarantee that the quantity of antibodies generated will be identical in the 2 cases.

scholarly journals ‘The challenge now is for us to remain relevant’: Australian public libraries and the COVID-19 crisis

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110541
Author(s):  
Simon Wakeling ◽  
Jane Garner ◽  
Philip Hider ◽  
Hamid Jamali ◽  
Jessie Lymn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Delivery Models

The COVID-19 crisis has had a significant impact on public libraries around the world. In Australia, almost all public libraries experienced some period of building closure, requiring libraries to adapt their services and delivery models. This article reports findings from a large-scale survey of public library managers in Australia, which was conducted in August 2020. In particular, it presents the results of a thematic analysis of the participants’ free-text responses to open questions asked as part of the survey. This analysis reveals important insights relating to responses to library closures, staffing issues, new and expanded services and programmes, relationships with parent bodies, and the role of public libraries during the crisis and beyond. While public libraries are perceived by managers to have been agile and adaptable, and to have utilised technology effectively, the findings clearly demonstrate the value to users of library buildings, with important consequences for understanding the role of public libraries.

I and II Esdras

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Times

I and II Esdras is Volume 42 in the Anchor Bible series of new book-by-book translations of the Old and New Testaments and Apocrypha, each by a preeminent scholar. Jacob M. Myers is Professor of Old Testament at the Lutheran Theological Seminary in Gettysburg and the author of three earlier volumes in the series: I Chronicles and II Chronicles and Ezra, Nehemiah. The present work constitutes the first English commentary on I Esdras in sixty years and the first on II Esdras in forty. Written about 10 BCE, I Esdras is a history ranging from the pious reign of Josiah to the religious reforms of Ezra. For this period Josephus follows I Esdras in his Antiquities of the Jews. An apocalyptic work, written 250 years later, II Esdras seeks to offer strength, courage, and hope to those whose faith was severely shaken in the gloom and despondency that followed upon the fall of Jerusalem in A.D. 70. Its chief purpose was to inspire trust in God and the ultimate triumph of righteousness, if not in this world, then in the world to come. “Tracts for the times such as II Esdras,” writes Dr. Myers in his preface, “have a message for us who in a revolutionary age are obsessed with the impatience reflected by Ezra; it was not that he lacked faith in God but that he, like Job, questioned his ways and the delay, perhaps seeming inactivity, in the face of what appeared to the prophet to be terrible urgencies. The questions posed are still asked in the context of our age.” Eight photographs of ancient Near Eastern sculpture and coins help the reader visualize both the events recounted in I Esdras and the apocalyptic imagery in II Esdras. Each book has its own introduction and bibliography.

Advertising Appeals and Purchase Intentions: An Empirical Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar ◽  
Pramod Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Advertising Appeals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All

The world of advertising appeals is fascinating. Although not much research has been done in our country on the subject, yet this finds place in almost all advertising endeavours in our country. One important aspect is to know whether such ad appeals do influence the purchase intention of a consumer. The paper covers a primary study, involving such an aspect where few statistical tools have been used to come to a certain conclusion

scholarly journals The Concept of Intellectual Property As Al Mal: An Islamic Perpective Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Mohd Izzat Amsyar Mohd Arif ◽  
Hisham Hanapi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Know How ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All

The idea of legally acknowledging and protecting the intellectual property is prevalently known inany legal system in the world, but not many people know how this idea is dealt in Islam. Islam asthe religion of wholeness (syumul), deals with almost all aspects of life and aims at protecting fivemain objectives of syariah3 (maqasid al syariah) namely religion (al din), life (al nafs), intellect(al aqal), lineage (al nasl) as well as property (al mal). As the time goes by, people started torealize that human intelligence and creativity shall not be the object of manipulation, thusnecessitated them to come up with some sort of protection for their invention by legallyacknowledging it as ‘intellectual property’. This paper will try to discuss the position of intellectualproperty in the Islamic jurisprudence by determining its ‘maaliyyah’ (capable of being consideredas property).

scholarly journals Ceriantharia (Cnidaria) of the World: an annotated catalogue and key to species

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
pp. 1-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio N. Stampar ◽  
James D. Reimer ◽  
Maximiliano M. Maronna ◽  
Celine S. S. Lopes ◽  
Hellen Ceriello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Adult Form ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

The diversity of Ceriantharia is known from studies formally describing species from the late 18th Century onwards. However, no nomenclators including a list and discussion of all valid species have been produced since a list discussed by Carlgren in 1912. The present nomenclator presents a complete list of adult species of Ceriantharia of the World, including a discussion on each species. It includes the three families (Arachnactidae, Botrucnidiferidae, Cerianthidae) and the currently accepted 54 species based on their adult form. This study serves as a presentation of the “state-of-the-art” list of species of Ceriantharia, and includes a species identification key to support taxonomic identification. Additional in-depth species-by-species investigations for almost all cerianthid species is still needed, as the information available for most of these species is quite superficial.

scholarly journals The Woman Question in the novels by the Bronte Sisters

IIUC Studies ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Rehnuma Bint Anis
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
English History ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Three Sisters

The Victorian period lasted more than half a century. During this time England changed radically in almost all respects. One of these was the rising consciousness of women about their rights and potentials. Soon, the social awareness was transmitted to literature. In retrospect we find that many women writers emerged at this critical juncture in history when women were pleading to be given voice, to achieve their rights and to be given an opportunity to come out of the shells of quiet submission enforced upon them and achieve something of their own. Three sisters living deep in the Yorkshire moors surprised the world by taking part in this ongoing struggle. This article attempts to evaluate their contributions towards achieving women's rights in English history.     doi: 10.3329/iiucs.v3i0.2629   IIUC STUDIES Vol. - 3, December 2006 (p 19-30)

scholarly journals Towards an AMS Radiocarbon Chronology of Predynastic Egyptian Ceramics

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H Savage
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Early Analysis ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

The wide and varied connections between Israel and Egypt during the Early Bronze Age/Predynastic are frequently calibrated through ceramics that depend to a large degree on two seriation methods developed for Predynastic Egypt. Petrie's seriation technique and Kaiser's Stufe dating method utilize whole forms from mortuary contexts. Because of the ways they were developed and deployed in Predynastic research, a logical tautology exists that makes their usage highly problematic. Radiocarbon dating of the Predynastic is vital if we are to untangle existing ceramic chronologies. But up to now, almost all 14C dates have come from domestic contexts where whole vessels are not usually found and which differ significantly from cemeteries in their ceramic assemblages. A 14C-based chronology of whole forms in the Petrie Corpus is thus highly desirable, but has proven elusive until now. Samples of organic materials and Black-Topped Red Ware vessels from over 100 graves in the Predynastic Cemetery, N7000, at Naga-ed-Dêr have recently been submitted for dating with AMS methods, providing the first comprehensive 14C chronology of a Predynastic cemetery. The results are compared to a suite of recalibrated dates from Upper Egyptian Predynastic domestic contexts, which allows the 14C chronology for the region to be further refined. Absolute date ranges for a number of ceramic forms can be estimated for the first time, and results of early analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals From semiotic exegesis to contextual ecclesiology: The hermeneutics of missional faith in the COVIDian era

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Missional Ecclesiology ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Church

This essay uses the global impact of the Coronavirus as a heuristic semiotic for exploring the future of the church. Unlike the pandemic of 1918, which left few dents on the world’s economic, social, and cultural systems, almost all the nations of the world have passed laws and implemented procedures that are only comparable to world wars in their impact on entire populations. Nations are acting in unison, but not in unity. This post-COVID, post-Corona world is the ‘time that is given’ to the church. But it will not be a post-pandemic world. We may become COVID-proof, but we will never be pandemic-proof. There is no pre-COVID reset. There is only risk assessment from natural extinction risks to existential dangers of our own creation that are catching up to us (climate change, GRAIN [genetic engineering, robotics, artificial intelligence {AI}, info-tech, nanotechnology]). Disruption is the new status that is never quo; stability is the new abnormality; global cataclysm is the ever-present peril. The only way to prepare for a future of constant ‘the end of the world as we know it?’ moments is by developing a high Contextual Quotient (CQ), and deepening our Contextual Intelligence (CI) so we can choose ‘the next right thing’ in a world of volcanic volatility.Contribution: This essay frames the semiotics of a missional ecclesiology in the COVIDian wake from the hermeneutics of blessings not curses. What virtues might we expect to come out of a virus that is fast-forwarding the future, virtues that will shape the contours of Christianity. What if the pandemic is a shock treatment that is putting the world, and the church, back in a new and better equilibrium? What if there are goldmines on the other side of the landmines and minefields?

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