Opportunities & risks associated with global glacial meltwater changes and regional population growth from 1980 to 2100

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Su ◽  
Cunde Xiao ◽  
Deliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Mountain Glacier ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Glacial Meltwater ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Population

<p>Mountain glacier is an indispensable supplier and modulator of freshwater to human’s sustenance in extensive cold and arid areas of the world. Melt waters from glaciers are widely used for ecosystem integrity, agricultural irrigation, hydropower operation, domestic and industrial activities. Under the background of global environmental changes such as global warming and regional population growth, linking climate-related glacio-hydrological changes to regional population growth is of the essence. However, a global assessment on opportunities/risks caused by glacial meltwater changes and population growth has not been presented until now. In this study, the population changes in glacier-fed area (GFA) for historical (1980-2015) and future (2010-2100) periods at the global, continental, national and basin scales were first mapped. Then, the opportunities/risks associated with population growth and glacier meltwater changes during 1980-2100 in 42 large-scale glacierized drainage basins with a minimum population of 10 thousand in 2015 were analyzed. Results reveal that the population living in the world’s GFA was 2030 million in 2015 and it was rapidly increased from 1278 million in 1980. The total population in GFA would continue to increase until a maximum is reached (e.g. peak population will appear around 2060 under the intermediate pathway for mitigation and adaptation, i.e. SSP<sub>2</sub>), beyond which the population would gradually decline. The opportunities/risks vary across basins and decades. Both of them are greatest in the Indus River basin, where the increase in glacial meltwater can seasonally satisfy the basic needs of additional 87 million people from the 2000s to 2040s, but about 200 million would be exposed to severe water scarcity due to the decrease in glacial meltwater and the population increase after the 2040s. </p>

scholarly journals The Nigerian population: A treasure for national development or an unsurmountable national challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Vitalis Jafla Pontianus ◽  
Oruonye E.D.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
High Population ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The World

Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world. It is equally one of the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with very high population. Population growth is a very important element and a challenge in the development process in LDCs. The population of Nigeria is expected to continue to grow up to 239 million by 2025 and 440 million by 2050, thereby ranking it to 4th position among countries of the World with high population. This without doubt will place Nigeria in a position of major player in the global system, and more importantly in the African region. It is against this background that this study examines Nigeria’s population composition by poising the following questions; will Nigeria’s present and future population structure be a benefit or a burden? How can Nigeria’s relative share of working-age composition (15- 64) and dependents (under 15 and 65 and over) contribute to long term economic growth and development of the country? The findings of the study reveals that population growth is a critical factor in the development of any economy, providing workforce for production of goods and services to boost economic development and a critical determinant of the potentials of a country’s investment. The study findings also show that continuous population growth militates against economic growth through inducement of poverty, falling medical care/services and environmental degradation, worsen resource scarcity in areas where a large proportion of the population already relies on natural resource-based livelihoods. The study argued that population increase is not a problem in itself to any nation, and that there are some impeding factors associated with population growth such as corruption, inadequate planning, inappropriate implementation of development plans, poor budget/implementation and complacency in developing human capital. These are issues that the Nigerian state since independence have continued to battle with which has invariably made it a seemingly failed state. The study concludes that how much any country can benefit from its population size is dependent on the quality of human capital. Based on the findings, the study recommends economic diversification, government empowerment of Small and Medium scale Enterprises, paying attention to human capital development and target-oriented education.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES: A BASIS FOR CURRICULUM REDESIGN

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Charl Vince L. Porlares ◽  
Emily B. Tan PhD
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
School Organization ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Curriculum Redesign ◽  
The World ◽  
Stimuli Response

The education sector during the current pandemic has been greatly affected by the learning environment, management and administrative practices, and pedagogical aspects. Many schools around the world have made adjustments in their respective curricula to focus on what is essential during these trying times. The concept of school curriculum has been challenged to become more responsive to this large-scale universal undertaking. This paper explores curriculum development through the lens of the stimuli-response loop to show its dynamism. Furthermore, the researcher cites important cyclical models to picture how a curriculum develops and changes and integrates innovations during an organizational change. Finally, the researcher stitches the concepts of curriculum and organizational change through systems archetype in an attempt to suggest a model that would cater to such large-scale environmental movements like the current pandemic. KEYWORDS: Environmental Challenges, Responsive Curriculum, School Curriculum, School Organization, Systems Archetype

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE ON AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND DROUGHT WITH MITIGATION STRATEGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Zulfqar Waseem Malik ◽  
Zia Ul Hussnain
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies

Climatic changes are the main concerns of varying crop yields nowadays. The world has reached where it will start a journey towards deterioration. Sustainable production will ensure food security in days to come. Sugarcane is considered a major crop for sugar as well as bio-fuel production in the world. Environmental changes have severely affected the cane production worldwide especially in the developing countries because of relatively low adaptive capacity, high vulnerability to natural hazards, poor forecasting systems and mitigating strategies. The changing rainfall patterns (Monsoon season) during July to September due to climate change may result in water stress induced by drought although harvesting efficiency is expected to increase. These studies also expound on the mitigation and adaptation strategies that can be employed in the sugarcane industry as a way of reducing losses in sugarcane production. This will also help to know how cane production is affected due to extreme environmental changes in Pakistan.

TO THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR TORTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.

Partnerships Generate Co-Benefits in Agricultural Stream Restoration (Canterbury, New Zealand)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Febria ◽  
Maggie Bayfield ◽  
Kathryn E. Collins ◽  
Hayley S. Devlin ◽  
Brandon C. Goeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
Scale Change ◽  
Large Scale Change

In Aotearoa New Zealand, agricultural land-use intensification and decline in freshwater ecosystem integrity pose complex challenges for science and society. Despite riparian management programmes across the country, there is frustration over a lack in widespread uptake, upfront financial costs, possible loss in income, obstructive legislation and delays in ecological recovery. Thus, social, economic and institutional barriers exist when implementing and assessing agricultural freshwater restoration. Partnerships are essential to overcome such barriers by identifying and promoting co-benefits that result in amplifying individual efforts among stakeholder groups into coordinated, large-scale change. Here, we describe how initial progress by a sole farming family at the Silverstream in the Canterbury region, South Island, New Zealand, was used as a catalyst for change by the Canterbury Waterway Rehabilitation Experiment, a university-led restoration research project. Partners included farmers, researchers, government, industry, treaty partners (Indigenous rights-holders) and practitioners. Local capacity and capability was strengthened with practitioner groups, schools and the wider community. With partnerships in place, co-benefits included lowered costs involved with large-scale actions (e.g., earth moving), reduced pressure on individual farmers to undertake large-scale change (e.g., increased participation and engagement), while also legitimising the social contracts for farmers, scientists, government and industry to engage in farming and freshwater management. We describe contributions and benefits generated from the project and describe iterative actions that together built trust, leveraged and aligned opportunities. These actions were scaled from a single farm to multiple catchments nationally.

Dietary and living regimen of covid-19 with special reference to Ayurveda Varsha and Sharad Ritucharya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Amit Biswas ◽  
KunalChandankhede
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Individual Disease ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Wuhan originated Covid-19 disease is caused by SARC-COV 2 virus. It is a contagious disease it spread all over the world. World health organization declared a global pandemic disease. In Covid-19 immunity plays an important role. In old age people or having other co-morbid conditions the mortality rate is more. Ayurveda has a big role in improved immunity or to intact immunity. The principle of Ayurveda is to keep individual swastha (diseases free). To maintain individual disease-free Ritucharya is one of the important subjects of Ayurveda. Aimed of study is to find out Ritucharya literature from the Ayurveda and modern research specifically Varsha and Sharad ritu. Ritucharya contains dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine, and contraindicated things those changing according to environmental change. Upcoming season in India is Varsha and Sharad ritu. Environmental changes are huge in this season and it directly affected human beings. So this study reveals property of ritu, dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine and contraindicated things in upcoming varsha and sharad ritu.

scholarly journals Toward a Dualistic Growth? Population Increase and Land-Use Change in Rome, Italy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Ahmed Alhuseen ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Per Capita

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models of urban growth. Empirical evidence is increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting urban containment in the context of a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators of land-use change can be adopted with the aim at evaluating long-term sustainability of urbanization processes. The present study assesses spatial variations in per-capita indicators of land-use change in Rome, Central Italy, at five years (1949, 1974, 1999, 2008, and 2016) with the final objective of quantifying the mismatch between urban expansion and population growth. Originally specialized in agricultural productions, Rome’s metropolitan area is a paradigmatic example of dispersed urban expansion in the Mediterranean basin. By considering multiple land-use dynamics, per-capita indicators of landscape change delineated three distinctive waves of growth corresponding with urbanization, suburbanization, and a more mixed stage with counter-urbanization and re-urbanization impulses. By reflecting different socioeconomic contexts on a local scale, urban fabric and forests were identified as the ‘winner’ classes, expanding homogeneously over time at the expense of cropland. Agricultural landscapes experienced a more heterogeneous trend with arable land and pastures declining systematically and more fragmented land classes (e.g., vineyards and olive groves) displaying stable (or slightly increasing) trends. The continuous reduction of per-capita surface area of cropland that’s supports a reduced production base, which is now insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for fresh food at the metropolitan scale, indicates the unsustainability of the current development in Rome and more generally in the whole Mediterranean basin, a region specialized traditionally in (proximity) agricultural productions.

scholarly journals A Large-Scale COVID-19 Twitter Chatter Dataset for Open Scientific Research—An International Collaboration

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Juan M. Banda ◽  
Ramya Tekumalla ◽  
Guanyu Wang ◽  
Jingyuan Yu ◽  
Tuo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Source

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, an unprecedented amount of open data is being generated for medical, genetics, and epidemiological research. The unparalleled rate at which many research groups around the world are releasing data and publications on the ongoing pandemic is allowing other scientists to learn from local experiences and data generated on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a need to integrate additional data sources that map and measure the role of social dynamics of such a unique worldwide event in biomedical, biological, and epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, we present a large-scale curated dataset of over 1.12 billion tweets, growing daily, related to COVID-19 chatter generated from 1 January 2020 to 27 June 2021 at the time of writing. This data source provides a freely available additional data source for researchers worldwide to conduct a wide and diverse number of research projects, such as epidemiological analyses, emotional and mental responses to social distancing measures, the identification of sources of misinformation, stratified measurement of sentiment towards the pandemic in near real time, among many others.

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