The Infrasound Network of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Liashchuk ◽  
Yevhenii Kariahin ◽  
Leonid Kolesnykov ◽  
Yurii Andrushchenko ◽  
Ivan Tolchonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Geophysical Monitoring ◽  
East European ◽  
National Space ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protocol Registration ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

<p>Geophysical monitoring observations in Ukraine are performed by the Main Center of Special Monitoring (MCSM), which is a part of the National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, State Space Agency of Ukraine. The MCSM ensures the implementation of the Ukrainian international obligations within the CTBT. It also provides prompt warning and response to emergencies, based on geophysical monitoring results, and runs continuous complex geophysical observations for scientific purposes. </p><p>Infrasound monitoring is one of the types of geophysical monitoring, performed by the MCSM. The infrasound network of Ukraine consists of three observatories, which include mini-arrays of microbarographs (3-4 microbarographs). Standard geometric configuration for an array is a triangle. The aperture of arrays ranges between 200 and 900 meters. There are also three separate observation points, with the only one microbarograph in each. The spacing between these points is hundreds of kilometers. The entire infrasound network is in North-Western Ukraine. One more Ukrainian observatory based in the Antarctic, the Vernadsky Research Base. All microbarographs equipped with wind-protection systems. Microbarographs from the Soviet K-304 acoustic station (0.03-10 Hz, 100 Pa) are currently used in combination with a 4-channel 24-bit digitizer. Besides, Ukraine has created new models of microbarographs with similar technical characteristics. The scheduled upgrade of the sensors is currently underway. There are also plans for installing infrasound arrays in the Eastern and Southern Ukraine. Furthermore, for assessing the possibility of recording large-scale processes in the atmosphere, the pilot plant of the microbarographs on the seismic array nodes PS45 is scheduled for this year. In this case, the distance between the elements of the infrasound array will be around 3-4 kilometers.</p><p>Previously mentioned infrasound arrays recorded a wide range of technogenic and natural phenomena, which could be of interest to the scientific community. Among the technogenic ones are explosions at the military arsenals, gas pipeline explosions, plane crashes, and an enormous number of mining blasts. Infrasound signals have also been caused by natural events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, avalanches, hurricanes, thunderstorms, meteorite explosions.</p><p>Infrasound data is transmitted to the NDC for processing and storing, using the SeedLink protocol. Registration of the events and events-bulletin is done by an operational on-duty team 24/7. The government authorities responsible for safety are notified immediately in case of emergency events. Data processing realized by using Geotool and WinPMCC, as well as the own software. It also used data from the foreign infrasound arrays for analysis. The Memorandum with the Central and East European Infrasound Network was signed in 2019. For optimizing the on-duty team's, geophysicists-analysts', and experts' work, processing of the infrasound data in the MCSM, as an experiment, has been transferred to the internal MCSM cloud platform. It facilitated access to the information, provided equal opportunities for the processing, and allowed involving experts from other institutions. </p><p>In the future, all of the above allows actively using the infrasound network of Ukraine for running global and regional monitoring and doing researches on the atmosphere and climate.</p>

Coups and Mutinies

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Military Effectiveness ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Research Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The violent and sudden overthrow of governments has caught the attention of many scholars from various disciplines and placed the incidence of coups at the center of such studies. The result is the emergence of a rich literature that has used a multitude of methods and factors to explain the incidence of coups and control of the military. Although the interest in the incidence of coups and coup-proofing has waxed and waned depending on the waves of democratization and occurrence of the coups, the literature continues to evolve as the recent scholarship has introduced different variables to understand coups. Parallel with coup research, scholars also have started to look into the other ways that a military interferes in politics as well as the impact of coups on other issues, such as democratization and military effectiveness. A military can interfere in politics in subtle ways, which can be within the bounds of the legal order of the state. What is more, even if the military engages in direct disobedience, such as mutinies, these acts do not necessarily turn into an attempt to overthrow the government. Thus military mutinies have started to draw attention. Especially the impact of loyalty and disobedience of militaries on the success and failure of civil unrest has become an important research area following the Arab Spring, and the effects of past coups, the threat of coups, and coup-proofing on other issues, such as democratization and military effectiveness, have become another research avenue within the literature. This literature focuses on how coups and coup-proofing have an overarching effect on the militaries and the political structure of states. The fear of coups can shape the democratization path and the choices that decision makers have. It has a direct impact on military policies, which can end up decreasing military effectiveness. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on the recent scholarship to present the most recent debates in the field. To this end, in the first section, the article presents a list of articles that present a general overview of the field and how the debates have changed over the years. In the second section, we will focus on the various ways that a military interferes with politics and debates on Controlling the Military. The third section delves into the causes of coups and presents a wide range of factors and approaches in understanding coups. The fourth section focuses on the overlooked aspect of military behavior: mutinies and rebellions. The fifth section brings all the previous sections together and investigates the impact of coups and rebellions on Democratization and Military Effectiveness. The final section provides an overview of the Datasets on coups and military participation in politics.

scholarly journals Extinction in transition: coca, coal, and the production of enmity in Colombia's post-peace accords environment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Meszaros Martin ◽  
Oscar Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Ecological Conservation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Extractive Economies ◽  
The Military

At the Paris Climate Summit in 2015, then Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos proposed constructing a multi-national biodiversity corridor that would extend from the Andes to the Brazilian Atlantic coast. Santos highlighted increased militarization of the territory as one advantage of the corridor. In this model, ecological conservation becomes a matter of national/natural security, in the form of counterinsurgency to counter illegal economies. Climate change and ecological disaster mean the forest needs the military power of the State to save it from destruction. We argue that such conservation entails a form of necropolitics lying in wait; because to conserve one part is to condemn the other – framed as the enemy – to certain destruction, as land is simultaneously designated for large-scale development projects. Conservation, in effect, becomes tied to a form of extinction. Our article examines two increasingly militarized frontiers that work through conservation in Colombia. The first is where the Andes meets the Amazon rainforest, an area that has seen an increase in deforestation following the 2016 Peace Agreement with the FARC. Deforestation is often attributed to the cultivation of coca (used to produce cocaine), and the solution posited by the government is to eradicate the plant. We argue that eradication of illicit crops is a form of enforced extinction that militarizes the forest, targeting both human and non-human inhabitants. The second frontier concerns coal mining on the Caribbean coast, where mass environmental devastation induced by the industry has led to a forced reorganization of life in the region. The military guards the sites of extraction and those who oppose coal mining become targets for elimination. We bring these two cases – coal and coca – into dialogue, to trace the extinction-driven expansion of extractive economies, a process intertwined with armed conflict, narcotrafficking, and now with transitional politics.

Russian State Policy for the Development of the Far East at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-343
Author(s):  
I. N. Mamkina ◽  
N. Yu. Gusevskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Policy Position ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Russian State ◽  
External Threat ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

The proposals of the authorities on the development of the Far East at the beginning of the 20th century are considered. The relevance of studying the past experience in the development of this region is due to the increased attention of the authorities to the introduction of large-scale programs to strengthen the eastern borders of the state. The authors note the increased scientific interest in the study of the history of the Far East development at the beginning of the 20th century. An analysis of government actions in the Amur region during this period allowed the authors to determine their relationship with the foreign policy position of the empire in the Far East. It was determined that the formation of the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East was aimed at consolidating the actions of the central and provincial authorities. The authors note that at the stage of preliminary coordination of the directions of the Committee’s activities, the members of the government did not have a holistic idea of the regional development strategy. A comparative analysis revealed that the proposals of the central and regional authorities did not have any fundamental differences. The pragmatism of the proposals of local governors was noted. The authors come to the conclusion that the creation of the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East and the organization of the Amur expedition were undertaken under the influence of an external threat and aimed at strengthening the military-industrial potential of the region. The authors note that the administrative and economic development of the region was not a priority for the central authorities.

scholarly journals TOPO-EUROPE: Coupled Deep Earth – Surface Processes in Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 517-540
Author(s):  
S. A. P. L. Cloetingh ◽  
P. A. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
East European ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deep Earth ◽  
Interactive Modelling ◽  
Back Arc

TOPO-EUROPE is a multidisciplinary international research program that addresses the interaction of processes inherent to the deep Earth (lithosphere, mantle) with surface processes (erosion, climate, sea level), which together shaped the topography of Europe. The objective of the TOPO-EUROPE project is to assess neotectonic deformation rates and to quantify related geo-risks, such as earthquakes, flooding, landslides, rock falls and volcanism. Research, incorporating iterative data interactive modelling, focuses on the lithosphere memory and neotectonics, with special attention on the thermo-mechanical structure of the lithosphere, mechanisms controlling large-scale plate boundary and intraplate deformations, anomalous subsidence and uplift, and links with surface processes and topography evolution. The TOPO-EUROPE natural laboratories, in which these processes are analysed, cover a wide range of geodynamic settings. These include the post-collisional Alpine/Carpathian/Pannonian-Basin system, the very active Aegean-Anatolian and Apennines-Tyrrhenian orogens and back-arc basins, the Caucasus-Levant area in the Arabia-Europe collision zone, the Iberian Peninsula caught up between Alpine orogens, the meta-stable West and Central European Platform, the stable East-European Platform and the seismically active and elevated Scandinavian continental margin. The TOPO-EUROPE project is a component of the International Lithosphere Program and was initiated with the support of Academia Europaea. A European Science Foundation EUROCORES project provides funding for part of the TOPO-EUROPE research. Other parts of TOPO-EUROPE require support by participating organizations.

scholarly journals From Impediment to Adaptation: Chinese Investments in Myanmar's New Regulatory Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
SiuSue Mark ◽  
Youyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Public Pressure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Investment Behaviour

Myanmar's political transition of 2011 was followed by changes in the political and economic realms of society. The transition emboldened social activism, expressed as protests regarding the injustices suffered by people under the military regime. Many of these protests were related to large-scale extractive investments that had little regard for local communities and the environment. After the West lifted most of its sanctions, transnational capital actors who had been absent for the previous two decades returned to the country, many of them offering higher investment standards. In response to the “push” of public pressure and the “pull” of new investments, reformists in the Government of Myanmar (GoM) are now attempting to implement a stronger investment regulatory framework. The GoM's new demands on foreign investments to comply with higher investment standards are strengthened by Chinese state reformers’ own nascent efforts to curtail the excesses of that country's state-owned enterprises globally. As a result, prominent SOEs are being pressured to adapt to the new operating environment, resulting in observable changes in investment behaviour. We conclude that reform efforts are challenged by limitations on reformist state actors’ autonomy and capacity to regulate investments.

Cherkas number changes dynamics in the Voronezh Region in 1630–1680s

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Viktoria Brezgunova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military

The relevance of this study is due to the recent increased interest in the political, social, economic and demographic processes that took place in the frontier region of South Russia in the 17th century, which included the Voronezh Region. Its territory was involved in large scale demo-graphic processes, there was a settlement and development of edge lands. In the late 1630s, the government placed cherkassys in the Voronezh Region, which later became a part of the military population. Based on the sources, we study the dynamics of changes in the number of cherkassy contingent of the region in the 1630–1680s, and reveal that their number during this period under-went significant changes. We consider the main factors that could make an influence on the cher-kassy number in the region, one of which, for example, could be the resettlement of cherkassy in neighboring regions. Also, the dynamics of changes in the cherkassy number in Voronezh Region in the 1630–1680s, presented in this study, on the one hand, systematize the data sources and literature that relate to this aspect; on the other hand, it can be further used by researchers to compare with other categories of service population of the region, as well as to study the demography in this period.

Leave no one behind? Transitioning from the military to civilian life in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Andrew Cardow ◽  
Jean-Sebastien Imbeau ◽  
Bill Willie Apiata ◽  
Jenny Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Transition Experience ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Transition

Abstract Transition from the military environment into a civilian environment is a topic that has seen increasing attention within the last two decades. There is, in the literature, a clearly articulated issue that transition from the military to the civilian world is somewhat different to transitioning from school to work, or from career to career, or from work to retirement. Many, but not all, of the extant examples regarding military transition are case studies, focus groups or small-scale qualitative surveys. The following article details a large-scale survey that took place in New Zealand in 2019. From just over 1400 responses, a wide range of information was gathered. The aim of the survey was to uncover the experiences of military who had undergone transition within New Zealand. In this respect, the survey was exploratory. We report here the qualitative results that expand the existing body of knowledge of military transition. Our results are in line with international results and demonstrate that a large majority of respondents had a less than desirable transition experience. The contribution made therefore is a reinforcement that current practice in this area is needing a great deal of attention. The following outlines the experiences our New Zealand-based respondents had and how this mirrors the extant international literature. As this was the first survey of its kind to attract large numbers of respondents within New Zealand, the results and discussion that follow present aspects of transition that the Ministry of Defence and the New Zealand Defence Force may wish to consider when planning future transition programmes.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF EARTH OBSERVATION RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS PROGRAMMES FOR AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT DURING THE LAST THREE DECADES IN ROMANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 941-946
Author(s):  
A. Badea ◽  
C. Moise ◽  
I. Dana Negula ◽  
V. D. Poenaru ◽  
D. Iordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
National Space ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
The University ◽  
Space Activities ◽  
Development And Evolution

Abstract. Following the fall of communism in 1989, the R&D sector started a modernization process. By establishing in 1995 a structure dedicated to the space activities – Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) – the Government recognized the importance of this innovative strategic domain. The National Space Strategy defined by means of the RTD policy, with effects on both academia and industry, had three objectives since the 90’s: Participation to international space missions and programmes, Development of specific national projects and Capacity building at national level. In time, the experience acquired in the implementation of CIS, LCCS and LPIS/IACS projects offered the possibility to establish new certitudes for the evolution of the domain. The main development directions had been oriented towards the implementation of dedicated applications to answer problematics concerning smart agriculture, traceability, better agro-environmental practices and the relation with other scientific domains (e.g. cultural heritage). The partnership between a strong Governmental R&D structure – ROSA – and the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest (USAMVB) demonstrates the capacity to find solutions for promoting space EO technologies and adapt the higher education curricula in synergy with the development of the ambitious European space programme evolution.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN ATAS PEREDARAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 dan UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 18 TAHUN 2012 (STUDI TERHADAP PERMEN JELI STIK TAHUN 2018 DI KENDAL)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M Tri Anggraini ◽  
Marcella Wanda Raditya
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government

Technological advances have brought rapid and significant changes to the food industry. By using modern technology, the food industry is now able to produce on a very large scale including a variety of products with a very wide "range". Public consumption of imported and local food products tends to increase. Businessmen are aggressively encouraging consumers to consume excessively and often irrationally, so many incident that are suffered by consumers related to School Children Snack Food Like the incident that just happened in October 2018, namely poisoning cases of dozens of elementary school children in Kendal after consume stick shaped candy. In this paper the question is how the government controls the circulation of school children snacks, in this case BPOM for the 2018 Candy Jelly Candy case in Kendal and how legal protection for consumers for the circulation of snacks for school children. The method used by the author is a normative method. In its supervision of the School Children Snack Food, BPOM has taken steps in the task procedures and supervision functions. However, consumer cases occur related to School Children Food Snacks, actually caused by the three pillars of SisPOM that have not worked optimally. Business actors must comply with all procedures and conditions for distribution of processed food permits in accordance with existing regulations, BPOM must optimize its duties and functions as supervisors and consumers must always be smart and careful in choosing food products

scholarly journals The military coup in Turkey on May 27, 1960: background, drivers and it consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Malika Sharipovna Tovsultanova ◽  
Rustam Alkhazurovich Tovsultanov ◽  
Lilia Nadipovna Galimova
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
National Unity ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

In the 1950s, the Democratic Party came to power in Turkey, relying on the provincial bourgeoisie and clericals. The charismatic leader of democrats Adnan Menderes became the prime-minister. The Democratic government pursued an active foreign and domestic policy. In particular, abandoning its traditional neutrality, Turkey joined NATO and CenTO military blocs. Concessions were made to religious circles. The government also carried out large-scale reforms, for which the society was not ready, due to which an economic crisis erupted in the country, the most characteristic manifestation of which was high inflation. By introducing repressive laws against dissidents, attempts to isolate the opposition, in particular the leaders of the Republican Peoples Party (RPP), the Democrats pushed the latter to search for allies in the army. In the ranks of the latter, under the influence of Western agents and the dissatisfaction of the officers themselves with the situation in the country, the idea of a military coup came about on May 27, 1960. As a result of the coup, the National Unity Committee came to power, consisting of representatives of the generals and leaders of the Republican Peoples Party. In 1961, a new constitution was adopted at a referendum, reforming the system of legislative power in the country, after which power again passed to civilian political institutions. The leader of the military who carried out the coup, General Jemal Grsel, became the prime minister, while the chairman of the Republican Peoples Party Ismet İnnbecame became the president of Turkey.

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