Response of Hydrological Process to Climate Change of Basins with Different Glacier Ratio in the Tibet Plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Rainfall Runoff

<p>The glacier ratio influences both the contribution of meltwater runoff and the response of the basin's hydrological processes to climate change. In this study, the Karuxung, the Tuotuo and the Babao river basins with glaciers accounting for 20.7%, 2.1% and 0.38% respectively, were selected to study their hydrological processes under the climate change. Based on the daily runoff data of 30 years and MODIS snow cover products, the J2000 model was applied to quantify the contribution of meltwater and rainfall runoff, analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of runoff and clarify the influence of climate change on these three basin. The main findings are as follows: (1) The contribution of glacier and snow melt runoff for the Karuxung, Tuotuo and Babao river basin was 60.7%, 25.3% and 19.9%, respectively. The contribution of rainfall runoff for the three basins was 39.3%, 74.7% and 81.1%, respectively. (2) The peak of glacier and snow melt runoff converted from summer to spring with the glacier ratio decreasing. (3) The runoff supplies in the Karuxung, Tuotuo and Babao river basin were from the 5500m-6500m, 4500m-5500m zone, and 3500m-4500m elevation zone, respectively. (4) The runoff and its components in the Karuxung and Tuotuo river basins showed significant increasing trends while the Babao river basin showed no significant change trends. (5) In the Karuxung river basin with large glacier ratio, the increase in temperature mainly caused the increase of meltwater and runoff, showing a positive impact on runoff. For the Tuotuo and Babao river basin with small glacier ratios, the increase in temperature mainly caused increased evaporation and reduced runoff, showing a negative impact on runoff.</p>

scholarly journals Application of SWAT model to Assess Land Use and Climate Changes Impacts on Hydrology of Nam Rom River Basin in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Ngo ◽  
Huong Hoang ◽  
Phuong Tran ◽  
Loc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Hydrological Process

Land use/land cover (LULC) and climate changes are two main factors directly affecting hydrologic conditions. However, very few studies in Vietnam have investigated changes in hydrological process under the impact of climate and land use changes on a basin scale. The objective of this study is to assess the individual and combined impacts of land use and climate changes on hydrological processes for the Nam Rom river basin, Northwestern Viet Nam using Remote Sensing (RS) and Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. SWAT model was used for hydrological process simulation. Results indicated that SWAT proved to be a powerful tool in simulating the impacts of land use and climate change on catchment hydrology. The change in historical land use between 1992 and 2015 strongly contributed to increasing hydrological processes (ET, percolation, ground water, and water yield), whereas, climate change led to significant decrease of all hydrological components. The combination of land use and climate changes significantly reduced surface runoff (-16.9%), ground water (-5.7%), water yield (-9.2%), and sediment load (-4.9%). Overall climatic changes had more significant effect on hydrological components than land use changes in the Nam Rom river basin during the 1992–2015. Under impacts of projected land use and climate change scenarios in 2030 on hydrological process of the upper Nam Rom river basin indicate that ET and surface flow are more sensitive to the changes in land use and climate in the future. In conclusion, the findings of this study will basic knowledge of the effects of climate and land-use changes on the hydrology for future development of integrated land use and water management practices in Nam Rom river basin.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Climate Changes on Crop Yield: Irrigated vs. Non-Irrigated Zones in Mississippi

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Sadia Alam Shammi ◽  
Qingmin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and its impact on agriculture are challenging issues regarding food production and food security. Many researchers have been trying to show the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on agriculture using different methods. In this study, we used linear regression models to assess the impact of climate on crop yield spatially and temporally by managing irrigated and non-irrigated crop fields. The climate data used in this study are Tmax (maximum temperature), Tmean (mean temperature), Tmin (minimum temperature), precipitation, and soybean annual yields, at county scale for Mississippi, USA, from 1980 to 2019. We fit a series of linear models that were evaluated based on statistical measurements of adjusted R-square, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). According to the statistical model evaluation, the 1980–1992 model Y[Tmax,Tmin,Precipitation]92i (BIC = 120.2) for irrigated zones and the 1993–2002 model Y[Tmax,Tmean,Precipitation]02ni (BIC = 1128.9) for non-irrigated zones showed the best fit for the 10-year period of climatic impacts on crop yields. These models showed about 2 to 7% significant negative impact of Tmax increase on the crop yield for irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Besides, the models for different agricultural districts also explained the changes of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation in the irrigated (adjusted R-square: 13–28%) and non-irrigated zones (adjusted R-square: 8–73%). About 2–10% negative impact of Tmax was estimated across different agricultural districts, whereas about −2 to +17% impacts of precipitation were observed for different districts. The modeling of 40-year periods of the whole state of Mississippi estimated a negative impact of Tmax (about 2.7 to 8.34%) but a positive impact of Tmean (+8.9%) on crop yield during the crop growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Overall, we assessed that crop yields were negatively affected (about 2–8%) by the increase of Tmax during the growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated zones. Both positive and negative impacts on crop yields were observed for the increases of Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation, respectively, for irrigated and non-irrigated zones. This study showed the pattern and extent of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation and their impacts on soybean yield at local and regional scales. The methods and the models proposed in this study could be helpful to quantify the climate change impacts on crop yields by considering irrigation conditions for different regions and periods.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of Indian River basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Balwant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Runoff Generation

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission is altering the global hydrological cycle due to change in rainfall pattern and rising temperature which is responsible for alteration in the physical characteristics of river basin, melting of ice, drought, flood, extreme weather events and alteration in groundwater recharge. In India, water demand for domestic, industrial and agriculture purposes have already increased many folds which are also influencing the water resource system. In addition, climate change has induced the surface temperature of the Indian subcontinent by 0.48 ºC in just last century. However, Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basins have great importance for their exceptional hydro-geological settings and deltaic floodplain wetland ecosystems which support 700 million people in Asia. The climatic variability like alterations in precipitation and temperature over GBM river basins has been observed which signifies the GBM as one of the most vulnerable areas in the world under the potential impact of climate change. Consequently, alteration in river discharge, higher runoff generation, low groundwater recharge and melting of glaciers over GBM river basin could be observed in near future. The consequence of these changes due to climate change over GBM basin may create serious water problem for Indian sub-continents. This paper reviews the literature on the historical climate variations and how climate change affects the hydrological characteristics of different river basins.

scholarly journals Variation of Runoff and Runoff Components of the Upper Shule River in the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau under Climate Change

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3357
Author(s):  
Jinkui Wu ◽  
Hongyuan Li ◽  
Jiaxin Zhou ◽  
Shuya Tai ◽  
Xueliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Quantifying the impact of climate change on hydrologic features is essential for the scientific planning, management and sustainable use of water resources in Northwest China. Based on hydrometeorological data and glacier inventory data, the Spatial Processes in Hydrology (SPHY) model was used to simulate the changes of hydrologic processes in the Upper Shule River (USR) from 1971 to 2020, and variations of runoff and runoff components were quantitatively analyzed using the simulations and observations. The results showed that the glacier area has decreased by 21.8% with a reduction rate of 2.06 km2/a. Significant increasing trends in rainfall runoff, glacier runoff (GR) and baseflow indicate there has been a consistent increase in total runoff due to increasing rainfall and glacier melting. The baseflow has made the largest contribution to total runoff, followed by GR, rainfall runoff and snow runoff, with mean annual contributions of 38%, 28%, 18% and 16%, respectively. The annual contribution of glacier and snow runoff to the total runoff shows a decreasing trend with decreasing glacier area and increasing temperature. Any increase of total runoff in the future will depend on an increase of rainfall, which will exacerbate the impact of drought and flood disasters.

scholarly journals Land Use/Cover Change Effects on River Basin Hydrological Processes Based on a Modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China’s Arid Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Yanxiang Jin ◽  
Xufeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Increasing Trends

Land use/cover change (LUCC) affects canopy interception, soil infiltration, land-surface evapotranspiration (ET), and other hydrological parameters during rainfall, which in turn affects the hydrological regimes and runoff mechanisms of river basins. Physically based distributed (or semi-distributed) models play an important role in interpreting and predicting the effects of LUCC on the hydrological processes of river basins. However, conventional distributed (or semi-distributed) models, such as the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), generally assume that no LUCC takes place during the simulation period to simplify the computation process. When applying the SWAT, the subject river basin is subdivided into multiple hydrologic response units (HRUs) based on the land use/cover type, soil type, and surface slope. The land use/cover type is assumed to remain constant throughout the simulation period, which limits the ability to interpret and predict the effects of LUCC on hydrological processes in the subject river basin. To overcome this limitation, a modified SWAT (LU-SWAT) was developed that incorporates annual land use/cover data to simulate LUCC effects on hydrological processes under different climatic conditions. To validate this approach, this modified model and two other models (one model based on the 2000 land use map, called SWAT 1; one model based on the 2009 land use map, called SWAT 2) were applied to the middle reaches of the Heihe River in northwest China; this region is most affected by human activity. Study results indicated that from 1990 to 2009, farmland, forest, and urban areas all showed increasing trends, while grassland and bare land areas showed decreasing trends. Primary land use changes in the study area were from grassland to farmland and from bare land to forest. During this same period, surface runoff, groundwater runoff, and total water yield showed decreasing trends, while lateral flow and ET volume showed increasing trends under dry, wet, and normal conditions. Changes in the various hydrological parameters were most evident under dry and normal climatic conditions. Based on the existing research of the middle reaches of the Heihe River, and a comparison of the other two models from this study, the modified LU-SWAT developed in this study outperformed the conventional SWAT when predicting the effects of LUCC on the hydrological processes of river basins.

scholarly journals Relationship Analysis between Runoff of Dadu River Basin and El Niño

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01074
Author(s):  
Zujian Zou ◽  
Yubin He
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Western Pacific Subtropical High ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Subtropical High ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Dadu River ◽  
The Western Pacific

The Dadu River Basin is located in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. It is alternately affected by various weather systems such as the western Pacific subtropical high, the Qinghai-Tibet high (anti-cyclone), the southwest warm and humid air current, and the southeast monsoon. The western Pacific subtropical high is one of the main influencing factors of rainfall runoff in the basin. During the El Niño period, the western Pacific subtropical high moved eastward and the position was southward. The warm and humid airflow and the southeast monsoon northward changed, and the rainfall runoff in the Dadu River Basin changed.By analyzing the development of the El Niño phenomenon, Divide an El Niño process into different stages of occurrence, development, and end. Combining the characteristics of the Dadu River runoff in each stage, Studying the runoff situation of the Dadu River Basin under different strengths and weaknesses of the El Niño phenomenon. Using the correlation method to establish a model of the relationship between the abundance of the Dadu River Basin and the El Niño strength and weakness. Providing new ideas and new methods for the accurate prediction of the incoming water of the Dadu River under the abnormal climatic conditions of El Niño. It provides technical support for reservoir dispatching, flood control dispatching and economic dispatching of cascade hydropower stations, and provides experience for other river basins to cope with complex climate situations and improve water regime forecasting levels.

Responses of hydrological processes to climate change in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (16) ◽  
pp. 2057-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowan Liu ◽  
Zongxue Xu ◽  
Wenfeng Liu ◽  
Liu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Yarlung Zangbo River

scholarly journals Water assessment in transboundary river basins: the case of the Medjerda River Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrianirina Sedera Rajosoa ◽  
Chérifa Abdelbaki ◽  
Khaldoon A. Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Transboundary River Basins ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Over Exploitation

AbstractWater resources in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) face over-exploitation and over-pollution due to population growth, climate change and the lack of advanced water governance approaches. These challenges become more serious in transboundary river basins and may lead to conflict between riparian countries. The main objective of this paper is to assess water resources and needs at the Medjerda River Basin (MRB), shared by Tunisia and Algeria using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system between 2020 and 2050. Four scenarios were built to assess the current and future status of the water supply and demands in both countries. The results show that water demands, and shortages are increasing, and some demand sites will face real water scarcity in the future due to climate change and development practices. Therefore, new allocation and management plans should be examined at the regional level based on real collaboration among all stakeholders.

scholarly journals Avoiding the unintended consequences of climate change mitigation for African river basins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Castelletti ◽  
Matteo Giuliani ◽  
Jonathan Lamontagne ◽  
Mohamad Hejazi ◽  
Patrick Reed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Zambezi River Basin ◽  
Mitigation Policies ◽  
Zambezi River

Abstract Emerging climate change mitigation policies focus on the implementation of global measures relying on carbon prices to attain rapid emissions reductions, with limited consideration for the impacts of global policies at local scales. Here, we use the Zambezi River Basin in Southern Africa to demonstrate how local multisector dynamics across interconnected Water-Energy-Food (WEF) systems are impacted by global climate change mitigation policies. Our analysis provides quantitative evidence of the unintended vulnerabilities that emerge for this basin across a broad array of potential climate and socio-economic futures. Our results indicate that climate change mitigation policies related to land use change emissions can have negative side effects on local water demands, generating increased risks for failures across all the components of the WEF systems in the Zambezi River Basin. Analogous vulnerabilities could impact many river basins in Southern and Western Africa. It is critical to connect global climate change mitigation policies to local regional dynamics to better navigate the full range of possible future scenarios while supporting policy makers in prioritizing sustainable mitigation and adaptation solutions.

scholarly journals Correction: Liu, L., et al. Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought and Associated Multi-Scale Response to Climate Change over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1596

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Liu ◽  
Shan ◽  
Xu ◽  
Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Response ◽  
Yarlung Zangbo River ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]: [...]

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