Remote sensing of water storage variation in Dinaric karst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Vidmar ◽  
Mihael Brenčič
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Dinaric Karst ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
The Difference

<p>Having shown potential for long-term monitoring of terrestrial water variation, satellite data from GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and its successor GRACE-FO (Follow-on) operating from 2002 could provide a cost-effective approach to water resource management in regions with scarce ground monitoring networks or in regions where representative in-situ monitoring is difficult to ensure, such as karstic areas. One such example is Dinaric karst, a large karstic aquifer system extending from Italy through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia to Albania. There, groundwater storage variation on a regional scale is difficult to infer from existing locally scattered data.</p><p>For that purpose, GRACE Level-3 gridded mass concentration terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly data was used. Gridded scale factors provided at 0.5° resolution based on land-hydrology models were considered as well. Spatial variability was analysed for the area of Dinaric karst and adjacent areas in Austria and Hungary owing to the resolution of the data. For preliminary validation, GRACE derived liquid water equivalent (LWE) thickness data was compared to data from available ground measurement points.</p><p>Based on the 2004-2009 average, the temporal data variability analysed for the period of March 2002 until September 2019 (containing 163 monthly data aggregates) showed variability of 17 cm to 83 cm with the average range amounting to 47 cm in the native GRACE resolution. According to the unscaled data, the variability is 29 cm to 54 cm with a mean of 43 cm. In both cases, higher amplitudes were observed at the southern parts of Dinaric karst. Weak negative temporal trend of water storage anomalies is present in all analysed land grid cells showing the difference of less than 10 cm during the entire measurement period, while the average monthly change in total water storage is around 4 cm.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Distinguishing Vegetation Types on the Estimates of Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration in Arid Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Du ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Guofu Yuan ◽  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
Shusen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Tamarix Ramosissima ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
The Difference

Accurate estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) in arid ecosystems are important for sustainable water resource management due to competing water demands between human and ecological environments. Several empirical remotely sensed ET models have been constructed and their potential for regional scale ET estimation in arid ecosystems has been demonstrated. Generally, these models were built using combined measured ET and corresponding remotely sensed and meteorological data from diverse sites. However, there are usually different vegetation types or mixed vegetation types in these sites, and little information is available on the estimation uncertainty of these models induced by combining different vegetation types from diverse sites. In this study, we employed the most popular one of these models and recalibrated it using datasets from two typical vegetation types (shrub Tamarix ramosissima and arbor Populus euphratica) in arid ecosystems of northwestern China. The recalibration was performed in the following two ways: using combined datasets from the two vegetation types, and using a single dataset from specific vegetation type. By comparing the performance of the two methods in ET estimation for Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica, we investigated and compared the accuracy of ET estimation at the site scale and the difference in annual ET estimation at the regional scale. The results showed that the estimation accuracy of daily, monthly, and yearly ET was improved by distinguishing the vegetation types. The method based on the combined vegetation types had a great influence on the estimation accuracy of annual ET, which overestimated annual ET about 9.19% for Tamarix ramosissima and underestimated annual ET about 11.50% for Populus euphratica. Furthermore, substantial difference in annual ET estimation at regional scale was found between the two methods. The higher the vegetation coverage, the greater the difference in annual ET. Our results provide valuable information on evaluating the estimation accuracy of regional scale ET using empirical remotely sensed ET models for arid ecosystems.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Analysis of Drought Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nemati ◽  
Seyed Hossein Ghoreishi Najafabadi ◽  
Gholamreza Joodaki ◽  
S. Saeid Mousavi Nadoushani
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Semi Arid

Drought monitoring needs comprehensive and integrated meteorological and hydrologic data. However, such data are generally not available in extensive catchments. The present study aimed to analyze drought in the central plateau catchment of Iran using the terrestrial water storage deficit index (TSDI). In this arid catchment, the meteorological and hydrologic observed data are scarce. First, the time series of terrestrial water storage changes (TWSC) obtained from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) was calculated and validated by the water budget output. Then, the studied area was divided into semi-arid, arid, and hyper-arid zones and the common drought indices of SPI and RDIe within a timescale of 3, 6, and 12 months were calculated to compare the results obtained from the TSDI by using the meteorological data of 105 synoptic stations. Based on the results, the study area experienced a drought with extreme severity and expansion during 2007–2008. The drought spatial distribution map obtained from three indices indicated good conformity. Based on the maps, the severity, duration, and frequency of drought in the semi-arid zone were greater than that in other zones, while no significant drought occurred in the hyper-arid zone. Furthermore, the temporal distribution of drought in all three zones indicated that the TSDI could detect all short- and long-term droughts. The study results showed that the TSDI is a reliable, integrated, and comprehensive index. Using this index in arid areas with little field data led to some valuable results for planning and water resource management.

scholarly journals Assessment of Three Common Methods for Estimating Terrestrial Water Storage Change with Three Reanalysis Datasets

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Deng ◽  
Suxia Liu ◽  
Xingguo Mo
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Storage Change

AbstractTerrestrial water storage change (TWSC) plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle and climate system. To date, methods including 1) the terrestrial water balance method (PER), 2) the combined atmospheric and terrestrial water balance method (AT), and 3) the summation method (SS) have been developed to estimate TWSC, but the accuracy of these methods has not been systematically compared. This paper compares the spatial and temporal differences of the TWSC estimates by the three methods comprehensively with the GRACE data during the 2002–13 period. To avoid the impact of different inputs in the comparison, three advanced reanalysis datasets are used, namely 1) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis II (NCEP R2), 2) the ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), and 3) the Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis (JRA-55). The results show that all estimates with PER and AT considerably overestimate the long-term mean on a regional scale because the data assimilation in the reanalysis opens the water budget. The difficulty of atmospheric observation and simulation in arid and polar tundra regions is the documented reason for the failure of the AT method to represent the TWSC phase over 30% of the region found in this study. Although the SS result exhibited the best overall agreement with GRACE, the amplitude of TWSC based on SS differed substantially from that of GRACE and the similarity coefficient of the global distribution between the SS-derived estimate and GRACE is still not high. More detailed considerations of groundwater and human activities, for example, irrigation and reservoir impoundments, can help SS to achieve a higher accuracy.

Dynamics of Terrestrial Water Storage Change from Satellite and Surface Observations and Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Tang ◽  
Huilin Gao ◽  
Pat Yeh ◽  
Taikan Oki ◽  
Fengge Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Surface Observation ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Storage Change ◽  
Surface Observations

Abstract Terrestrial water storage (TWS) is a fundamental component of the water cycle. On a regional scale, measurements of terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) are extremely scarce at any time scale. This study investigates the feasibility of estimating monthly-to-seasonal variations of regional TWSC from modeling and a combination of satellite and in situ surface observations based on water balance computations that use ground-based precipitation observations in both cases. The study area is the Klamath and Sacramento River drainage basins in the western United States (total area of about 110 000 km2). The TWSC from the satellite/surface observation–based estimates is compared with model results and land water storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data. The results show that long-term evapotranspiration estimates and runoff measurements generally balance with observed precipitation, suggesting that the evapotranspiration estimates have relatively small bias for long averaging times. Observations show that storage change in water management reservoirs is about 12% of the seasonal amplitude of the TWSC cycle, but it can be up to 30% at the subbasin scale. Comparing with predevelopment conditions, the satellite/surface observation–based estimates show larger evapotranspiration and smaller runoff than do modeling estimates, suggesting extensive anthropogenic alteration of TWSC in the study area. Comparison of satellite/surface observation–based and GRACE TWSC shows that the seasonal cycle of terrestrial water storage is substantially underestimated by GRACE.

scholarly journals Impacts of Human Activities on the Variations in Terrestrial Water Storage of the Aral Sea Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Xuewen Yang ◽  
Ninglian Wang ◽  
Qian Liang ◽  
An’an Chen ◽  
Yuwei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Assessing the impacts of human activities on the variations in terrestrial water storage (TWS) is essential for water resource management, particularly in regions like the Aral Sea Basin which suffers from severe water scarcity. In this study, the variations in TWS anomalies (TWSA) of the Aral Sea Basin during the period of April 2002 to June 2017 were analyzed using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) Noah model outputs. The impacts of human activities on TWS variations were further quantified through the variations in TWS components and the comparison of TWS obtained from GRACE and GLDAS. The results indicate that TWSA of the entire Aral Sea Basin derived from GRACE experienced a significant decreasing trend of 4.12 ± 1.79 mm/year (7.07 ± 3.07 km3/year) from 2002 to 2017. Trends in individual TWS components indicate that the reduction in TWS of the Aral Sea Basin was primarily attributed to surface water loss, followed by groundwater depletion, which account for ~53.16% and 11.65 ± 45.39 to 42.48 ± 54.61% of the total loss of TWS, respectively. Precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET) both exhibited increasing trends, indicating that ET played a dominant role in TWS depletion from the perspective of water balance. The variations in ET and TWS induced by human activities contributed ~45.54% and ~75.24% to those in total ET and TWS of the Aral Sea Basin, respectively.

Design of a climate-dependent water reuse project

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Xu ◽  
F. Brissaud ◽  
J.C. Maihol ◽  
F. Valette ◽  
V. Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atlantic Island ◽  
Modelling Approach

Reclaimed water storage is imperative in water reuse management. Climate is a primary factor controlling reclaimed water storage design by its significant influence on irrigation water needs as well as on stored water quality. This study presents a modelling approach that has been applied to assist the design of a climate-dependent water reuse project on an Atlantic island. Models for predicting irrigation water needs and water quality in tertiary lagoons were coupled with a technical-economic model to design reclaimed water storage facilities. Three scenarios corresponding to different augmentation of current reclaimed water reuse were investigated. According to the modelling, the storage sizes to meet the water quantity required for irrigation increased with water deficit - the difference between evapotranspiration and precipitation. The size of tertiary lagoons to meet required water quality was found to be larger than the size to meet required water quantity. To meet both quantitative irrigation needs and <1,000 FC/100 ml irrigation and disposal regulation, extending the tertiary lagoon system would be more cost-effective than storage calculated to meet only quantitative irrigation needs supplemented with UV disinfection. The reliability of reclaimed water storage design was estimated with 40 years historic climatic records.

scholarly journals Interpretation of GRACE data of the Nile Basin using a groundwater recharge model

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 4501-4533 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Bonsor ◽  
M. M. Mansour ◽  
A. M. MacDonald ◽  
A. G. Hughes ◽  
R. G. Hipkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Annual Water

Abstract. Assessing and quantifying natural water storage is becoming increasingly important as nations develop strategies for economic growth and adaptations measures for climate change. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data provide a new opportunity to gain a direct and independent measure of water mass variations on a regional scale. Hydrological models are required to interpret these mass variations and partition them between different parts of the hydrological cycle, but groundwater storage has generally been poorly constrained by such models. This study focused on the Nile basin, and used a groundwater recharge model ZOODRM (Zoomable Object Oriented Distributed Recharge Model) to help interpret the seasonal variation in terrestrial water storage indicated by GRACE. The recharge model was constructed using almost entirely remotely sensed input data and calibrated to observed hydrological data from the Nile. GRACE data for the Nile Basin indicates an annual terrestrial water storage of approximately 200 km3: water input is from rainfall, and much of this water is evaporated within the basin since average annual outflow of the Nile is less than 30 km3. Total annual recharge simulated by ZOODRM is 400 km3/yr; 0–50 mm/yr within the semi arid lower catchments, and a mean of 250 mm/yr in the sub-tropical upper catchments. These results are comparable to the few site specific studies of recharge in the basin. Accounting for year-round discharge of groundwater, the seasonal groundwater storage is 100–150 km3/yr and seasonal change in soil moisture, 30 km3/yr. Together, they account for between 50 and 90% of the annual water storage in the catchment. The annual water mass variation (200 km3/yr) is an order of magnitude smaller than the rainfall input into the catchment (2000 km3/yr), which could be consistent with a high degree of moisture recycling within the basin. Future work is required to advance the calibration of the ZOODRM model, particularly improving the timing of runoff routing.

scholarly journals GRACE storage-streamflow hystereses reveal the dynamics of regional watersheds

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 12027-12062 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Sproles ◽  
S. G. Leibowitz ◽  
J. T. Reager ◽  
P. J. Wigington ◽  
J. S. Famiglietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Grace Satellites ◽  
Monthly Runoff ◽  
Peak Runoff

Abstract. We characterize how regional watersheds function as simple, dynamic systems through a series of hysteresis loops. These loops illustrate the temporal relationship between runoff and terrestrial water storage using measurements from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites in three regional-scale watersheds (>150 000 km2) of the Columbia River Basin, USA and Canada. The direction of the hystereses for the GRACE signal move in opposite directions from the isolated groundwater hystereses, suggesting that regional scale watersheds require soil water storage to reach a certain threshold before groundwater recharge and peak runoff occur. While the physical processes underlying these hystereses are inherently complex, the vertical integration of terrestrial water in the GRACE signal encapsulates the processes that govern the non-linear function of regional-scale watersheds. We use this process-based understanding to test how GRACE data can be applied prognostically to predict seasonal runoff (mean R2 of 0.91) and monthly runoff (mean R2 of 0.77) in all three watersheds. The global nature of GRACE data allows this same methodology to be applied in other regional-scale studies, and could be particularly useful in regions with minimal data and in trans-boundary watersheds.

scholarly journals A time series assessment of terrestrial water storage and its relationship with hydro-meteorological factors in Gilgit-Baltistan region using GRACE observation and GLDAS-Noah model

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dostdar Hussain ◽  
Aftab Ahmed Khan ◽  
Syed Najam Ul Hassan ◽  
Syed Ali Asad Naqvi ◽  
Akhtar Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

AbstractMountains regions like Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) province of Pakistan are solely dependent on seasonal snow and glacier melt. In Indus basin which forms in GB, there is a need to manage water in a sustainable way for the livelihood and economic activities of the downstream population. It is important to monitor water resources that include glaciers, snow-covered area, lakes, etc., besides traditional hydrological (point-based measurements by using the gauging station) and remote sensing-based studies (traditional satellite-based observations provide terrestrial water storage (TWS) change within few centimeters from the earth’s surface); the TWS anomalies (TWSA) for the GB region are not investigated. In this study, the TWSA in GB region is considered for the period of 13 years (from January 2003 to December 2016). Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) level 2 monthly data from three processing centers, namely Centre for Space Research (CSR), German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), System Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)-driven Noah model, and in situ precipitation data from weather stations, were used for the study investigation. GRACE can help to forecast the possible trends of increasing or decreasing TWS with high accuracy as compared to the past studies, which do not use satellite gravity data. Our results indicate that TWS shows a decreasing trend estimated by GRACE (CSR, GFZ, and JPL) and GLDAS-Noah model, but the trend is not significant statistically. The annual amplitude of GLDAS-Noah is greater than GRACE signal. Mean monthly analysis of TWSA indicates that TWS reaches its maximum in April, while it reaches its minimum in October. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation is determined between GRACE estimated TWS with precipitation, soil moisture (SM) and snow water equivalent (SWE). We also assess the factors, SM and SWE which are the most efficient parameters producing GRACE TWS signal in the study area. In future, our results with the support of more in situ data can be helpful for conservation of natural resources and to manage flood hazards, droughts, and water distribution for the mountain regions.

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