Co-seismic deformation and preliminary fault model of the M6.4 Durres (Albania) Nov. 26, 2019 earthquake, based on space geodesy observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanassios Ganas ◽  
Varvara Tsironi ◽  
Flavio Cannavo ◽  
Pierre Briole ◽  
Panagiotis Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Plane ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Fault Model ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Error Bar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seismic Deformation

<p>We report the mapping the co-seismic deformation in the coastal region of Durres (Albania) following the M<sub>w</sub>=6.4 shallow earthquake on Nov. 26, 2019, 02:54 UTC. The tectonics of western and northern Albania is characterised by on-going compression due to collision between Eurasian and Adriatic plates. Crustal deformation is characterised by shortening directed at NNE-SSW to E-W orientation. We analysed co-seismic interferograms of the Sentinel-1 (ESA) satellites (ascending orbit; relative orbit 175, slice numbers 14 & 15) and GPS observations (30-s interval) recorded at two stations (DUR2 and TIR2). The raw GPS data were processed with the GIPSY-OASIS II software, using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) methodology with Final JPL products, to obtain daily static solutions defined in ITRF14. The coseismic offsets were computed as differences between the mean positions, respectively 5 days before and after the earthquake day. Uncertainties associated with the displacements were calculated by propagating the errors in GPS solutions. For DUR2 the displacement is significant in all three components (East=-1.3 cm, North=-2.1 cm, Up= +1.4 cm), while for TIR2 seems reasonable (0.4 cm on the horizontal components) but within the error bar. The SAR images were processed by the open-source SNAP software and they were obtained on Nov. 14, 2019 20:59 UTC (master scene) and on Nov. 26, 2019 16:31 UTC (slave scene). Each frame (slice) was processed independently and the wrapped phase was mosaicked in order to reveal the full deformation extent. The InSAR fringe pattern shows a 45-km long, NW-SE arrangement of three (3) fringes with a maximum LOS displacement of about +8.4 cm near the village Hamallaj (15 km NE of Durres). Assuming a half-space elastic model with uniform slip along a rectangular fault surface, the source of the ground deformation was inverted using the available geodetic data (GNSS and InSAR). The mean scatter value between data and the model is 2.4 mm.  The inversion modelling indicates that the 2019 Durres (Albania) earthquakes ruptured a low-angle fault (24 km long by 9 km wide) dipping 23° towards east with the fault plane top at 16 km. The geodetic fault-model is in agreement with published moment tensor solutions showing a NNW-SSE fault plane (for example the USGS solution has attributes 337°/27°/91°; strike/dip-angle/rake angle). This geometry is compatible with a blind thrust fault that may root on the main basal thrust i.e. along the main Ionian thrust front that separates Adria-Apulia from Eurasia.</p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgement: This research is supported by HELPOS (“Hellenic Plate Observing System” - MIS 5002697) which is implemented under the Action “Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure”, funded by the Operational Programme "Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation" (NSRF 2014-2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund). We also thank The Institute of GeoSciences, Energy, Water and Environment of Albania for providing GNSS data.</p>

scholarly journals The rate of Seismic deformation in the Gulf of Aqaba as inferred from moment tensor summation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sattam Almadani
Keyword(s):  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Seismicity Parameters ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Seismic Deformation

Abstract The main goal of this study is to quantify the rate of seismic deformation in the Gulf of Aqaba. The moment tensor summation technique based on the seismicity data, for all available historical and instrumental data (1900-2019), and reliable fault plane solutions was used to calculate the size and the shape of deformation. For the period from 1900 to 2019, the seismicity data was used to calculate the seismicity parameters (representing by the Gutenberg-Richter and moment-magnitude relations) and the spatial extent of the deformation zone. The fault parameters of forty-four earthquakes, having moment magnitudes range from 3.2 to 7.2, were used to construct the moment tensor summation and subsequently to calculate the rate of seismic deformation. The calculations showed that a predominant shear deformation acting in the Gulf of Aqaba is taken up by extension in a direction of N40.8 o E at a rate of 0.83±0.21 mm/yr. and compression in a direction of N131.6 o E at a rate of 0.32±0.05 mm/yr.; reflecting the Gulf of Aqaba is undergoing from shear deformation accommodated along a strike-slip fault. The obtained results exhibited that the present-day deformation in the Gulf of Aqaba is acting by the interaction of relative tectonic motions among African, Sinai and Arabia plates.

scholarly journals Co-seismic and post-seismic deformation, field observations and fault model of the 30 October 2020 Mw = 7.0 Samos earthquake, Aegean Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanassios Ganas ◽  
Panagiotis Elias ◽  
Pierre Briole ◽  
Sotiris Valkaniotis ◽  
Javier Escartin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Fault Model ◽  
Deformation Field ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Seismic Deformation

Whither Lomé? The Mid-Term Review and the Decline of Partnership

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Crawford
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
European Development Fund ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
European Development ◽  
Centre Piece ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Ongoing Dialogue

The signing in Mauritius on 4 November 1995 of the amended fourth Lomé Convention, the aid and trade co-operation agreement between the European Union (EU) and the ACP Group of 70 African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries, brought the Mid-Term Review to its formal completion after protracted negotiations. Established in 1975, Lomé has long been the centre-piece of EU development assistance. In quantitative terms, the European Development Fund, the financial instrument of Lomé, has comprised the largest single portion of EU aid, averaging almost 45 per cent of all disbursements in recent years.1 Qualitatively, Lomé has been regarded as a model of North—South cooperation, mainly due to three special features: it was founded on the principles of equality, mutual respect, and interdependence; it is a legally binding contract negotiated between two sets of countries; and it involves ongoing dialogue through three joint institutions, the ACP—EU Council of Ministers, the Committee of Ambassadors, and the ‘parliamentary’ Joint Assembly.

scholarly journals Predicting epidemics using search engine data: a comparative study on measles in the largest countries of Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukas Samaras ◽  
Miguel-Angel Sicilia ◽  
Elena García-Barriocanal
Keyword(s):  
Competent Authority ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Official Data

Abstract Background In recent years new forms of syndromic surveillance that use data from the Internet have been proposed. These have been developed to assist the early prediction of epidemics in various cases and diseases. It has been found that these systems are accurate in monitoring and predicting outbreaks before these are observed in population and, therefore, they can be used as a complement to other methods. In this research, our aim is to examine a highly infectious disease, measles, as there is no extensive literature on forecasting measles using Internet data, Methods This research has been conducted with official data on measles for 5 years (2013–2018) from the competent authority of the European Union (European Center of Disease and Prevention - ECDC) and data obtained from Google Trends by using scripts coded in Python. We compared regression models forecasting the development of measles in the five countries. Results Results show that measles can be estimated and predicted through Google Trends in terms of time, volume and the overall spread. The combined results reveal a strong relationship of measles cases with the predicted cases (correlation coefficient R= 0.779 in two-tailed significance p< 0.01). The mean standard error was relatively low 45.2 (12.19%) for the combined results. However, major differences and deviations were observed for countries with a relatively low impact of measles, such as the United Kingdom and Spain. For these countries, alternative models were tested in an attempt to improve the results. Conclusions The estimation of measles cases from Google Trends produces acceptable results and can help predict outbreaks in a robust and sound manner, at least 2 months in advance. Python scripts can be used individually or within the framework of an integrated Internet surveillance system for tracking epidemics as the one addressed here.

scholarly journals Heavy metals content in soils and cocoa tissues in Magdalena department Colombia: emphasis in cadmium

ENTRAMADO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-310
Author(s):  
Sonia Esperanza Aguirre-Forero ◽  
Nelson  Virgilio Piraneque-Gambasica ◽  
José Rafael Vásquez-Polo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a species originating from the humid tropics. Over 70,000 km2 worldwide is dedicated to growing cocoa, and approximately 30% of its global production is concentrated in the equatorial regions of Central and South America, the Antilles and tropical Asia. The demand for cocoa is growing significantly, but the presence of cadmium (Cd) in the species is a potential problem limiting its commercialization. The present study determined the Cd, Ni, Pb and Cr content in two cocoa-producing regions in northern Colombia. Foliage (leaf, bean and shell) and soil were analyzed. The mean Ni, Pb and Cr content in the plant tissue did not exceed the maximum permissible limits set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The mean Cd content in the beans was 0.51 mg kg-1 in region 1 and 0.66 mg kg-1 in region 2, which are considered risky per reports from the European Union and restrict the product’s export. These results serve as a reference for future research on cocoa.  

scholarly journals Mycotoxins as a risk in the grain food

2009 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Matic ◽  
Jasna Mastilovic ◽  
Ivana Cabarkapa ◽  
Anamarija Mandic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grain Foods

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate a large variety of foods and have toxic effects on humans. The best protection against mycotoxins is to monitor their presence in food. This paper shows the screening results of mycotoxins present in 76 samples of different groups of grain foods. Samples of grain food were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol. Analysis were conducted using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the samples was contaminated with aflatoxins. The most predominant mycotoxin was ochratoxin A with the mean level of 4.84 ? 4.49 ppb in 19.7% of the examined samples. Zearalenone, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol were found in 9.21, 14.5 and 3.9% of the samples, respectively. Mycotoxin content in the investigated samples was compared with the regulations of Serbia and those of the European Union.

scholarly journals Short-term seismic crustal deformation of Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoja Ansari ◽  
Ahmad Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Deformation Rate ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Average Strain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maximum Shear Strain ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Seismic Deformation ◽  
Orogenic Belts

<p>In this paper the short-term seismic deformation of Iran is determined by the earthquake moment tensor summation. The study areas include the Alborz, Kopeh-Dagh, eastern Iran, Makran and Zagros orogenic belts. The spatial distribution and focal mechanisms of the earthquakes delineate the deformation zones. The mean directions of the P and T axes are determined by the equal area projection of the seismic moment tensors. The orientations of the P-axes are dominantly correlated with the NE crustal motion of Iran relative to Eurasia. The average strain rates are calculated in all of the regions. The maximum shear strain and dilatation rates are defined by the eigenvalues of the average strain rate tensors. The dilatation rate indicates that not only the dominant compression but also the subsidiary tension affects the Alborz and Makran orogenic belts. The velocity tensor components discriminate the vertical thickening and thinning of the crust in some regions of Iran. The seismic deformation rates, which are determined by the velocity tensors, are smaller than the geodetic deformation rates. In the high seismic deformation zones, such as the eastern Iran and Alborz, the geodetic deformation rate is comparable with the seismic deformation rate. Our results indicate that the NW Zagros and Kopeh-Dagh have the lowest seismic deformation rates. The seismic shortening rate increases from NW to SE in the Zagros orogenic belt. The seismic deformation orientations are different from the P-axes, probably due to the lateral translation. The maximum percentage of the seismic deformation in the study areas is related to the eastern Iran and the minimum one is related to the Makran orgenic belt. The average shape tensors indicate that the focal mechanisms in the Kopeh-Dagh have the highest internal similarity. The eastern Iran has the largest seismic moment rate, while the central Zagros has the lowest one.</p>

scholarly journals Pattern of seismic deformation in the Western Mediterranean

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pondrelli
Keyword(s):  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
Motion Models ◽  
Strain Pattern ◽  
Seismological Data ◽  
Seismic Deformation

The seismic deformation of the Western Mediterranean was studied with the aim of defining the strain pattern that characterizes the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary in this area. Within different sections along the boundary the cumulative moment tensor was computed over 90 years of seismological data. The results were compared with NUVELlA plate motion model and geodetic data. A stable agreement was found along Northern Africa to Sicily, where only Africa and Eurasia plates are involved. In this zone it is evident that changes in the strike of the boundary correspond to variations in the prevailing geometry of deformation, tectonic features and in the percentage of seismic with respect to total expected deformation. The geometry of deformation of periadriatic sections (Central to Southern Apennines, Eastern Alps and the Eastern Adriatic area) agrees well with VLBI measurements and with regional geological features. Seismicity seems to account for low rates, from 3% to 31%, of total expected deformation. Only in the Sicily Strait, characterized by extensional to strike slip deformation, does the ratio reach a higher value (79%). If the amount of deformation deduced from seismicity seems low, because 90 years are probably not representative of the recurrence seismic cycle of the Western Mediterranean, the strain pattern we obtain from cumulative moment tensors is more representative of the kinematics of this area than global plate motion models and better identifies lower scale geodynamic features.

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