Improvement of the simulation of high and low flows in the LSM based hydrological modeling chain SASER applied to the Ebro river basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Cenobio-Cruz ◽  
Anaïs Barella-Ortiz ◽  
Pere Quintana-Seguí ◽  
Luis Garrote
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Hourly Precipitation ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Hourly Distribution

<p>The SASER (Safran-Surfex-Eaudysee-Rapid) hydrological modeling chain is a physically-based and distributed hydrological model that has been implemented over two domains: Iberia and the Pyrenees. Currently, it is used for drought studies (HUMID project) and water resources analysis (PIRAGUA project).</p><p>In this modeling chain, SAFRAN provides the meteorological forcing, SURFEX is the LSM that performs the water and energy balances and Eaudyssée-RAPID simulates daily streamflow. SAFRAN and SURFEX are run at a spatial resolution of 5 km for the Iberian implementation and 2.5 km for the Pyrenean one. Daily streamflow is calculated by the RAPID river routing scheme at a spatial resolution of 1 km in both cases. SAFRAN analyzes daily observed precipitation, which is then interpolated to the hourly scale. For precipitation, relative humidity is currently used to hourly distribute the daily precipitation.</p><p>SASER is able to simulate adequate streamflow on the Ebro basin (KGE>0.5 on 62% of near-natural gauging stations when the LSM is run at 2.5 km of spatial resolution). However, due to the lack of a hydrogeological model, low flows are often poorly reproduced by this scheme. Furthermore, peak flows could also be improved.</p><p>This work aims at improving high and lows by correcting the distribution of hourly precipitation and adding linear reservoirs to improve low flows.</p><p>The increase of the spatial resolution from 5 to 2.5 km has caused a relevant improvement of peak flows. However, most of the peak flows are still underestimated. One way of improving simulated streamflow is improving the hourly distribution of the precipitation, as SAFRAN distributes precipitation through the day with unrealistic low hourly intensities. This will impact runoff generation and, thus, peak flow. We have used two ERA-Interim driven RCM simulations from the CORDEX project to improve the hourly distribution of precipitation. As a result, we now produce more realistic temporal patterns of hourly precipitation.</p><p>The current SASER implementation is not able to sustain low flows. A physical-based solution (hydrogeological model) would be desirable, but as it is difficult to implement we chose to introduce a linear reservoir, following the steps of Artinyan et al (2008) and Getinara et al. (2014). The reservoir is able to improve low flows in most near-natural subbasins. The challenge now is how to set its parameters in non-natural basins.</p>

scholarly journals Diagnostic calibration of a hydrological model in an alpine area

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1253-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. He ◽  
F. Tian ◽  
H. C. Hu ◽  
H. V. Gupta ◽  
H. P. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Generation Mechanism ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Alpine Area ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tailan River Basin

Abstract. Hydrological modeling depends on single- or multiple-objective strategies for parameter calibration using long time sequences of observed streamflow. Here, we demonstrate a diagnostic approach to the calibration of a hydrological model of an alpine area in which we partition the hydrograph based on the dominant runoff generation mechanism (groundwater baseflow, glacier melt, snowmelt, and direct runoff). The partitioning reflects the spatiotemporal variability in snowpack, glaciers, and temperature. Model parameters are grouped by runoff generation mechanism, and each group is calibrated separately via a stepwise approach. This strategy helps to reduce the problem of equifinality and, hence, model uncertainty. We demonstrate the method for the Tailan River basin (1324 km2) in the Tianshan Mountains of China with the help of a semi-distributed hydrological model (THREW).

scholarly journals Characterization of post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Saxe ◽  
Terri S. Hogue ◽  
Lauren Hay
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Streamflow Response ◽  
High Flows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This research investigates the impact of wildfires on watershed flow regimes, specifically focusing on evaluation of fire events within specified hydroclimatic regions in the western United States. Information on fire events and watershed characteristics were collected through federal and state-level databases and streamflow data were collected from U.S. Geological Survey stream gages. Eighty two watersheds were identified with at least ten years of continuous pre-fire daily streamflow records and five years of continuous post-fire daily flow records. For each watershed, percent change in annual runoff ratio, low-flows, high-flows, peak flows, number of zero flow days, baseflow index, and Richards-Baker flashiness index were calculated using pre- and post-fire periods. The gathered watersheds were divided into nine regions or clusters through k-means clustering and regression models were produced for watersheds grouped by total area burned. The coefficient of determination (R2) was used to determine the accuracy of the resulting models. Results show that low flows, high flows, and peak flows increase significantly in the first two years following a wildfire and decrease over time. Relative response was utilized to scale response variables with respective percent area of watershed burned in order to compare regional differences in watershed response. Watersheds in Cluster 9 (eastern CA, western NV, OR) typically demonstrate a negative relative post-fire response, in that when scaling response to area burned, a slight negative response is observed in flow regimes. Most other watersheds show a positive mean relative response. In addition, regression models show limited correlation between percent watershed burned and streamflow response, implying that other watershed factors strongly influence response.

scholarly journals Hydrological Modelling Studies of Paravar River Basin, a Tributary of River Godavari using HEC-HMS Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Matli ◽  
Vinay S. Hunashal
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Flood Prediction ◽  
Event Modeling ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data ◽  
Modelling Studies

The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is designed to simulate the complete hydrologic processes of dendritic watershed systems. The software includes many traditional hydrologic analysis procedures such as event infiltration, unit hydrographs, and hydrologic routing. The model is applied to the Pravara River Basin, which is a tributary of the Godavari River in the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra (India). For the simulation of runoff, the daily precipitation data and daily observed streamflow data from 1999 to 2012 was collected and ten years of data from 1999 to 2008 was used for the calibration of the model and 4 years of data from 2009 to 2012 was used for the validation of the model. The calibration of the HEC-HMS 4.0 model for the study area is carried out by comparing the simulated daily streamflow with the observed flow at the outlet of the basin. For this particular study, the deficit and constant loss model is used to compute the losses from the watershed. Under prediction of high flows is an inherent problem seen in hydrological modeling of the basin in the present study. This is due to the lack of extreme event modeling capability of the hydrological model. The daily flows except extreme flows are better simulated. The ability of HEC–HMS to simulate the magnitude of the peaks in extreme floods in the river basin underscores the significance of the model application as a flood prediction tool. The HEC–HMS successfully reproduced low flows and thus the model is a useful tool to estimate low flows in advance based on drought forecasts.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Hydrological Model Structure and Parametrization Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Mostafa Farrag ◽  
Gerald Corzo Perez ◽  
Dimitri Solomatine
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Spatial Sensitivity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Set Up

Many grid-based spatial hydrological models suffer from the complexity of setting up a coherent spatial structure to calibrate such a complex, highly parameterized system. There are essential aspects of model-building to be taken into account: spatial resolution, the routing equation limitations, and calibration of spatial parameters, and their influence on modeling results, all are decisions that are often made without adequate analysis. In this research, an experimental analysis of grid discretization level, an analysis of processes integration, and the routing concepts are analyzed. The HBV-96 model is set up for each cell, and later on, cells are integrated into an interlinked modeling system (Hapi). The Jiboa River Basin in El Salvador is used as a case study. The first concept tested is the model structure temporal responses, which are highly linked to the runoff dynamics. By changing the runoff generation model description, we explore the responses to events. Two routing models are considered: Muskingum, which routes the runoff from each cell following the river network, and Maxbas, which routes the runoff directly to the outlet. The second concept is the spatial representation, where the model is built and tested for different spatial resolutions (500 m, 1 km, 2 km, and 4 km). The results show that the spatial sensitivity of the resolution is highly linked to the routing method, and it was found that routing sensitivity influenced the model performance more than the spatial discretization, and allowing for coarser discretization makes the model simpler and computationally faster. Slight performance improvement is gained by using different parameters’ values for each cell. It was found that the 2 km cell size corresponds to the least model error values. The proposed hydrological modeling codes have been published as open-source.

Hydrological evaluation of high-resolution precipitation estimates from the WRF model in the Third Pole river basins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Sun ◽  
Fengge Su ◽  
Zhihua He ◽  
Tinghai Ou ◽  
Deliang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Flood Prediction ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Precipitation Estimates

AbstractIn this study, two sets of precipitation estimates based on the regional Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) –the high Asia refined analysis (HAR) and outputs with a 9 km resolution from WRF (WRF-9km) are evaluated at both basin and point scales, and their potential hydrological utilities are investigated by driving the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) large-scale land surface hydrological model in seven Third Pole (TP) basins. The regional climate model (RCM) tends to overestimate the gauge-based estimates by 20–95% in annual means among the selected basins. Relative to the gauge observations, the RCM precipitation estimates can accurately detect daily precipitation events of varying intensities (with absolute bias < 3 mm). The WRF-9km exhibits a high potential for hydrological application in the monsoon-dominated basins in the southeastern TP (with NSE of 0.7–0.9 and bias of -11% to 3%), while the HAR performs well in the upper Indus (UI) and upper Brahmaputra (UB) basins (with NSE of 0.6 and bias of -15% to -9%). Both the RCM precipitation estimates can accurately capture the magnitudes of low and moderate daily streamflow, but show limited capabilities in flood prediction in most of the TP basins. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the strength and limitation of RCMs precipitation in hydrological modeling in the TP with complex terrains and sparse gauge observations.

scholarly journals Assessing the Uncertainties of Four Precipitation Products for Swat Modeling in Mekong River Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongpeng Tang ◽  
Jianyun Zhang ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Gebdang Ruben ◽  
Guoqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Mekong River Basin ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Better Than

Using hydrological simulation to evaluate the accuracy of satellite-based and reanalysis precipitation products always suffer from a large uncertainty. This study evaluates four widely used global precipitation products with high spatial and temporal resolutions [i.e., AgMERRA (AgMIP modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications), MSWEP (Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation), PERSIANN-CDR (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record), and TMPA (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 Version7)] against gauge observations with six statistical metrics over Mekong River Basin (MRB). Furthermore, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a widely used semi-distributed hydrological model, is calibrated using different precipitation inputs. Both model performance and uncertainties of parameters and prediction have been quantified. The following findings were obtained: (1) The MSWEP and TMPA precipitation products have good accuracy with higher CC, POD, and lower ME and RMSE, and the AgMERRA precipitation estimates perform better than PERSIANN-CDR in this rank; and (2) out of the six different climate regions of MRB, all six metrics are worse than that in the whole MRB. The AgMERRA can better reproduce the occurrence and contributions at different precipitation densities, and the MSWEP has the best performance in Cwb, Cwa, Aw, and Am regions that belong to the low latitudes. (3) Daily streamflow predictions obtained using MSWEP precipitation estimates are better than those simulated by other three products in term of both the model performance and parameter uncertainties; and (4) although MSWEP better captures the precipitation at different intensities in different climatic regions, the performance can still be improved, especially in the regions with higher altitude.

scholarly journals The Role of the Spatial Distribution of Radar Rainfall on Hydrological Modeling for an Urbanized River Basin in Japan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakti P. C. ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nakatani ◽  
Ryohei Misumi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrological Applications

Recently, the use of gridded rainfall data with high spatial resolutions in hydrological applications has greatly increased. Various types of radar rainfall data with varying spatial resolutions are available in different countries worldwide. As a result of the variety in spatial resolutions of available radar rainfall data, the hydrological community faces the challenge of selecting radar rainfall data with an appropriate spatial resolution for hydrological applications. In this study, we consider the impact of the spatial resolution of radar rainfall on simulated river runoff to better understand the impact of radar resolution on hydrological applications. Very high-resolution polarimetric radar rainfall (XRAIN) data are used as input for the Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) to simulate runoff from the Tsurumi River Basin, Japan. A total of 20 independent rainfall events from 2012–2015 were selected and categorized into isolated/convective and widespread/stratiform events based on their distribution patterns. First, the hydrological model was established with basin and model parameters that were optimized for each individual rainfall event; then, the XRAIN data were rescaled at various spatial resolutions to be used as input for the model. Finally, we conducted a statistical analysis of the simulated results to determine the optimum spatial resolution for radar rainfall data used in hydrological modeling. Our results suggest that the hydrological response was more sensitive to isolated or convective rainfall data than it was to widespread rain events, which are best simulated at ≤1 km and ≤5 km, respectively; these results are applicable in all sub-basins of the Tsurumi River Basin, except at the river outlet.

High resolution data for semi-distributed hydrological modeling: where should we draw the line?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Foulon ◽  
Alain N. Rousseau ◽  
Eduardo J. Scarpari Spolidorio ◽  
Kian Abbasnezhadi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Resolution Data ◽  
Calibration Parameters

&lt;p&gt;High-resolution data are readily available and used more than ever in hydrological modeling, despite few investigations demonstrating the added value. Nonetheless, a few studies have looked into the benefits of using increased spatial resolution data with the widely-used, semi-distributed, SWAT model. Meanwhile, far too little attention has been paid to the physically-based, semi-distributed, hydrological model HYDROTEL which is widely used for hydrological forecasting and hydroclimatic studies in Quebec, Canada. In a preliminary study, we demonstrated that increasing the spatial resolution of the digital elevation model (DEM) had a significant impact on the discretization of a watershed into hillslopes (i.e., computational units of HYDROTEL), and on their topographic attributes (slope, elevation and area). Accordingly, values of the calibration parameters were also substantially affected; whereas model performance was slightly improved for high- and low-flows only. This is why, we hereby propose the systematic assessment of HYDROTEL with respect to the resolution of the spatiotemporal computational domain for a specific physiographic scale. This investigation was conducted for the 350-km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; St. Charles River watershed, Quebec, Canada. The DEM used was derived from LiDAR data and aggregated at 20&amp;#160;m. Due to a lack of accurate precipitation information at time scales less than 24&amp;#160;hr, data from the high resolution deterministic precipitation analysis system, CaPA-HRDPA, were used to generate various time steps (6, 8, 12, and 24 hr) and to control results obtained from observed data. This approach, recently applied to three watersheds in Yukon, proved to be an excellent alternative to calibrate a hydrological model in a region known as a hydometeorological desert (see EGU 2020 presentation of Abbasnezhadi and Rousseau). The number of computational units ranged between 5 to 684 hillslopes, with mean areas ranging from 75 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; to 0.5 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. HYDROTEL was automatically calibrated over the 2013-2018 period using PADDS. We combined the Kling Gupta Efficiency and the log-transformed Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency to ensure good seasonal and annual representations of the hydrographs. The 12 most sensitive calibration parameters were adjusted using 150 optimisation trials with 150 repetitions each. Behavioral parameters were used to assess uncertainty and ensuing equifinality. All scenarios were evaluated using flow duration curves, performance indicators (RMSE, % Bias) and hydrograph analyses. In addition, quantitative analyses were done with respect to physiographic features such as: length of river segments, hillslopes, and sub-watershed boundaries for each resolution. We believe this study provides the needed systematic framework to assess trade-offs between spatiotemporal resolutions and modeling performances that can be achieved with HYDROTEL. Moreover, the use of various numbers of CaPA-HRDPA stations for model calibration has allowed us to determine the number of precipitation stations needed to achieve a given performance threshold.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Flow routing with Semi-distributed hydrological model HEC- HMS in case of Narayani River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Channel Cross Section ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Element Discretization ◽  
Verification Period

 Routing is the modeling process to determine the outflow at an outlet from given inflow at upstream of the channel. A hydrological simulation model use mathematical equations that establish relationships between inputs and outputs of water system and simulates the catchment response to the rainfall input. Several hydrological models have been developed to assist in understanding of hydrologic system and water resources management. A model, once calibrated and verified on catchments, provides a multi-purpose tool for further analysis. Semi-Distributed models in hydrology are usually physically based in that they are defined in terms of theoretically acceptable continuum equations. They do, however, involve some degree of lumping since analytical solutions to the equations cannot be found, and so approximate numerical solutions, based on a finite difference or finite element discretization of the space and time dimensions, are implemented. Many rivers in Nepal are either ungauged or poorly gauged due to extreme complex terrains, monsoon climate and lack of technical and financial supports. In this context the role of hydrological models are extremely useful. In practical applications, hydrological routing methods are relatively simple to implement reasonably accurate. In this study, Gandaki river basin was taken for the study area. Kinematic wave method was used for overland routing and Muskingum cunge method was applied for channel routing to describe the discharge on Narayani river and peak flow attenuation and dispersion observed in the direct runoff hydrograph. Channel cross section parameters are extracted using HEC- GeoRAS extension tool of GIS. From this study result, Annual runoff, Peak flow and time of peak at the outlet are similar to the observed flow in calibration and verification period using trapezoidal channel. Hence Hydrological modeling is a powerful technique in the planning and development of integrated approach for management of water resources. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10877Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014 pp. 45-58

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