The satellite radar monitoring for anthropogenic and natural geological hazards mapping within the Solotvyno mining area (Transcarpathia, Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Pakshin ◽  
Stella Shekhunova ◽  
Svitlana Stadnichenko ◽  
Ivan Liaska
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Salt Dome ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Surface Deformations ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Dome Structure ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Radar Monitoring

<p>Satellite images have been interpreted to establish the basic patterns of land surface deformations and predict the development of hazardous geological processes within the Solotvyno salt dome structure and the adjacent territories (Transcarpathia, Ukraine). Solotvyno rock salt deposit is one of the largest in Ukraine. Geotechnical and hydro-geological problems at the deposit have started to accumulate since the mid-90s and have led to a dangerous environmental technogenic situation that was given the national emergency status in 2010. This multi-hazard geo-ecological situation is a result of overlapping both anthropogenic “post-mining” (karst, subsidence, sinkhole formation, ground surface collapses, mine flooding, slope mass movements) and natural (flooding, landslides, etc.) hazardous geological processes, in particular, the disturbance of land surface, which is the sign of the uncontrolled development of salt karst, flooding and could result in transboundary pollution of the Tysa River, etc.</p><p>To forecast the development of hazardous geological processes, monitoring was implemented by using innovative techniques for processing satellite radar data, such as “Persistent Scatterers (PS)”, “Small Baseline Subset (SBAS)”. Due to the use of long-time series of images obtained with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the errors of orbital data and the effects of atmospheric phenomena have been effectively suppressed. The results of processing are digital maps, with the accuracy of evaluating the average vertical displacement rate of the objects being 2–4 mm/year when using the “PS” technique and 6–15 mm/year if using the “SBAS”.</p><p>A highly accurate evaluation of the vertical displacements of objects and land surface has been carried out using interferometric processing of satellite radar monitoring data by means of new satellite constellations including Sentinel-1A and 1B (DInSAR analysis data for 2016–2020, SBAS approach, Copernicus EMSN-030, EMSN-064; PS+SBAS approach, Center of the Special Information Receiving and Processing and the Navigating Field Control, Ukraine). The research area was 33 sq. km. Information end products (raster and vector) have been created, which permitted the changes in spatial and temporal dimensions to be analyzed. The values and areas of concentrated land surface deformations have been determined within the zone of anthropogenic and natural karst development. The areas of land surface subsidence with the average rate of vertical displacements from -6 to -94 mm/year have been digitized using GIS tools.</p><p>The assessment of anthropogenic hazards for the Solotvyno salt dome structure and adjacent territories has been provided. It has been determined that mines No7, 8, and 9 pose an anthropogenic threat to the safety of Solotvyno community inhabitants.</p><p>The reconstruction of land surface vertical displacements in time has been carried out within the studies performed. In order to ensure life safety in Solotvyno, the results will be used in territory development and in setting up the system of monitoring. In view of the complicated geo-ecological situation, the development and functioning of a permanent geo-ecological monitoring system for the Solotvyno mining area and the adjacent territories is the top-priority objective.</p><p>The research has been carried out with the EU financial support: projects REVITAL 1 (HURSKOVA/1702/6.1/0072) and ImProDiReT (No. 783232).</p>

Mapping of landscape-ecological situation of the mining area within the Patom upland

2017 ◽  
Vol 928 (10) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
S.A. Sedykh
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Main Layer ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Landscape Ecological

The article presents the results of a landscape-ecological study with mapping of the territory in the central part of the Patom upland. Research polygon is located within the Kropotkinsky mining unit of Baikal region, has an area of 600 km2. Technogenic disruption has a wide spatial and temporal distribution. Analysis of a complex ecological situation requires a rational assessment and adequate mapping. For this, modern geoinformation-cartographic, remote methods and a geosystemic approach were used. A large-scale thematic map was created, which includes 250 polygons in the main layer, which belong to 26 types of landscapes. A detailed description of the landscapes is given in the map legend. There are indicated the belonging to the landscape structures of regional and continental dimension, types and degree of disturbance. Additional vector layers are selected for displaying exogenetic geological processes, linear disturbance, geochemical anomalies. Mapsemiotic method was used for the visualization and formalization of the final thematic map. It allows to make full use of the integrated capabilities of the syntax of the map symbols and their semantic value in the software environment.

scholarly journals GEODYNAMICS

GEODYNAMICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2(31)2021 (2(31)) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Maksym Pakshyn ◽  
◽  
Ivan Liaska ◽  
Natalia Kablak ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
And Performance

The most dangerous exogenous geological processes (EGP) in terms of the amount of damage caused to economic objects include: landslides, karst, flooding, abrasion, mudslides, etc. The distribution and intensity of EGP are determined by the peculiarities of geological and geomorphological structure of the territory, its tectonic, neotectonic and seismic regime, as well as hydrological, climatic, hydrogeological paleo- and modern conditions. Solotvynsky salt mine is one of the oldest enterprises in Transcarpathia. The field has been exploited since the Roman Empire. In 1360, a settlement of salt miners, Solotvyno, was founded on the site of the mine, which later became a center of salt production and a royal monopoly. There are a total of nine mines in the field. In 1995-1996 and 2001, floods began flooding mines. In 2005, landslides and karst abysses intensified in Solotvyno, leading to damage to residential buildings, roads and infrastructure. There was a complete flooding of the mines of two mines. Currently, dangerous natural and man-made processes are observed on the territory of the salt mine and adjacent territories. This is mainly salt karst, both underground and surface, the collapse of areas in the location of mines, as well as landslides. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to conduct a geodynamic audit of SOLOTVYNSKY SALT MINE SE and the surrounding area with the possibility of identifying areas with subsidence or rise of the earth's surface, which are gradually slowing down, accelerating or developing at a constant rate. Output data. Radar interferometry data in the period from April 30, 2016 to June 25, 2018 were used for research and performance of geodynamic audit of SOLOTVYNSKY SALT MINE SE and the adjacent territory. Modern methods of interferometric processing of satellite radar data are used in the work: the method of "PS" – the method of constant scatterers, and the method SBAS – the method of small baselines. The method of geometric leveling was used to measure vertical displacements in some places on the earth's surface in order to verify interferometric data. Monitoring of the area of interest was carried out using modern technologies of satellite radar interferometry. According to the results of observations of landslides and individual objects by space (radar interferometry) and ground (geometric leveling) methods, a high correlation of data was recorded and the presence of zones of active subsidence in the mining area was confirmed.

scholarly journals Evolution of Secondary Deformations Captured by Satellite Radar Interferometry: Case Study of an Abandoned Coal Basin in SW Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Anna Kopec ◽  
Wojciech Milczarek ◽  
Karolina Owczarz
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surface Deformations ◽  
New Development ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Coal Fields

The issue of monitoring surface motions in post-mining areas in Europe is important due to the fact that a significant number of post-mining areas lie in highly-urbanized and densely-populated regions. Examples can be found in: Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, as well as the subject of this study, the Polish Walbrzych Hard Coal Basin. Studies of abandoned coal fields show that surface deformations in post-mining areas occur even several dozen years after the end of underground coal extraction, posing a threat to new development of these areas. In the case of the Walbrzych area, fragmentary, geodetic measurements indicate activity of the surface in the post-mining period (from 1995 onward). In this work, we aimed at determining the evolution of surface deformations in time during the first 15 years after the end of mining, i.e., the 1995–2010 period using ERS 1/2 and Envisat satellite radar data. Satellite radar data from European Space Agency missions are the only source of information on historical surface movements and provide spatial coverage of the entirety of the coal fields. In addition, we attempted to analyze the relationship of the ground deformations with hydrogeological changes and geological and mining data. Three distinct stages of ground movements were identified in the study. The ground motions (LOS (Line Of Sight)) determined with the PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) method indicate uplift of the surface of up to +8 mm/a in the first period (until 2002). The extent and rate of this motion was congruent with the process of underground water table restoration in separate water basins associated with three neighboring coal fields. In the second period, after the stabilization of the underground water table, the surface remained active, as indicated by local subsidence (up to −5 mm/a) and uplift (up to +5 mm/a) zones. We hypothesize that this surface activity is the result of ground reaction disturbed by long-term shallow and deep mining. The third stage is characterized by gradual stabilization and decreasing deformations of the surface. The results accentuate the complexity of ground motion processes in post-mining areas, the advantages of the satellite radar technique for historical studies, and provide information for authorities responsible for new development of such areas, e.g., regarding potential flood zones caused by restoration of groundwater table in subsided areas.

scholarly journals Dimension and Crushed Stones Extraction as a Source of Social and Environmental Conflicts in Poland

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Górniak-Zimroz ◽  
Katarzyna Pactwa
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Open Cast Mining ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

Crushed and dimension stones, which include 33 lithological varieties among igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks, are mainly located in the southern and south-western part of Poland. Demand for this group of minerals is continuously high, which results from conducted and planned infrastructural investments. Mining activity is associated with interference in the natural environment. Negative consequences of exploitation include, among others: Land surface deformations, and the pollution of the soil, air, and water. In many cases, the extraction of minerals also leads to the liquidation of housing and transportation infrastructure located in the mining area, as well as to reducing the value of real estate in the immediate vicinity of the deposit or to increase in the level of stress among local residents, who are exposed to noise, which causes growing social conflicts in areas designated for exploitation. Thus, the awareness of negative effects of undertaking open-cast mining leads to the conflicts between various groups of stakeholders (residents, environmental organizations, mining entrepreneurs). Through the use of multi-criteria evaluation, this article identifies the places of potential social and environmental conflicts resulting from the planned mining activity in three areas of the densest occurrence of the analysed deposits (Lower Silesia Province, Lesser Poland Province and Świętokrzyskie Province). The assessment of lands over the deposits recognized initially and in detail was proposed, determining the degree of their accessibility. Due to the proposed method, it’s possible to obtain results of the classification of each fragment of the analysed deposit, as well as the surroundings of such deposit at any distance from it, within the boundaries of analysed area. Information may be made available to users of the deposits, mining enterprises interested in exploitation of the deposits or administration responsible for issuing decisions regarding concessions for exploitations of the deposits, so that they have knowledge about conflict areas in the region, resulting from the impact of planned mining activity on life and health of the people and on the environment.

scholarly journals Preliminary Discussions on Impacts of Industrial Induced Factors on the Environment of Central Kazakhstan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Bekseitova ◽  
L.K. Veselova ◽  
Kh.M. Kasymkanova ◽  
G.K. Jangulova ◽  
S. Tumazhanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mining Area ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Machine Construction ◽  
Mining Engineering ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Relief Formation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Natural Component

Abstract Many disturbances and changes in nature are caused by a number of human activities, such as mining engineering, town planning, and also by the influences of the activities connected to these indusries. Central Kazakhstan is one of the regions of the Republic experiencing enormous pollution pressure caused by giant industry as the coal and metallurgical, mining and chemical and machine construction. The article reviews main industrial induced factors that define the spatial distribution of negative processes in semi arid climate of Central Kazakhstan where the intensive mining works have been conducted since 1940s and have led to a change of relief formation, groundwater and soil contamination. The damaged areas occupy vast territories, significantly reducing the habitable space for the population of Central Kazakhstan. The research examined two environmental components to assess and improve the ecological situation at the mining area: (a) land and water as economical component and (b) relief as main natural component.

Long-term Changes in the Surface Area in the Surroundings of the Open-cast Brown Coal Mine in Bełchatów (Poland)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Bugajska ◽  
Wojciech Milczarek ◽  
Anna Kopeć ◽  
Dariusz Głąbicki
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
The Difference ◽  
October 17 ◽  
Open Cast

<p>Satellite radar interferometry, in particular time series techniques, allow to monitor the activity of the surface of vast areas, making them a complement and alternative to traditional geodetic methods, the use of which in such areas is often associated with significant restrictions. The above-mentioned areas definitely include open-cast mines, among others the analyzed Bełchatów Brown Coal Mine (Poland).<br>During the studies, 216 satellite images acquired from the Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B satellites (path 175) for the period from October 17, 2014 to June 11, 2019 were used. Due to the fact that the research area was on two adjacent stages, it was necessary to combine data for the correct performance of the calculation process. The use of the SBInSAR imaging processing algorithm allowed to generate 839 interferograms carrying information about the difference in interferometric phases between pairs of images which satisfy the condition of the boundary size of the spatial and temporal base. As a consequence, it allowed to determine the displacements in the direction of the electromagnetic beam LOS (Line of Sight) that occurred in the mining area during this period.<br>Based on the carried out calculations, significant activity of the area around the open-pit mine was perceived. Dumping ground were analyzed - external Szczerców Fields and internal Bełchatów Fields, as well as excavations where mineral extraction is currently taking place. Continuous deformations (depressions and uplifts) associated with intensively conducted mining exploitation and complicated geological and mining conditions occurring in this area were observed (arrangement of rock layers, faults, the Dębina salt debris separating the Bełchatów Field from the Szczerców Field).</p>

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