Sanitary waste management under Covid-19 restrictions in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerine Elizabeth Ponce Ochoa ◽  
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri ◽  
María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Administrative Personnel ◽  
Infectious Waste ◽  
The City

<p>Ecuador, with a population of approximately 17.08 million inhabitants, is one of the most COVID-19 affected countries in the world. On March 16<sup>th</sup>, 2020, a countrywide state of exception was declared by the national government, therefore applying measures to restrict mobility, suspension of working hours and closure of borders. This situation caused an increase in the massive demand for masks and gloves as the primary ways to preventing infection. These masks and gloves are single-used and discarded, causing an impact on the environment due to the time they take to decompose. In addition, syringes and other hospital may also become infectious waste.</p><p> </p><p>Although hospitals may comply the regulations for the management and treatment of hazardous solid waste in Ecuador, the health emergency surprised all hospitals, clinics and health centers due to the increase in patients with coronavirus. This situation led to the establishment of new protocols for this type of waste and also for the management of corpses with COVID-19.</p><p>Health personnel are the ones that have been most affected during this time, so they have been working on the front line and have been the most exposed to contagion, increasing the use of disposable masks, gloves and gowns and contributing to the increase of waste from hospitals and health centers.</p><p> </p><p>The objective of this study is to investigate and understand how the management of hospital waste has been developed in times of pandemic in the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) Manuel Ignacio Monteros in the city of Loja.</p><p> </p><p>To carry out this study, information are taken from the records and databases generated in the IESS about the amount of hospital waste generated during the months of March to December 2020. Results are obtained making comparisons with the amount of hospital waste generated in the previous year 2019. The information was collected through surveys directed both to medical and administrative personnel who were in direct care of COVID-19 managing operations.</p><p> </p><p>Results show that a considerable increase in the quantity and characteristics of hospital waste generated during the months of analysis was found. Hazardous hospital waste have been managed correctly as established by various protocols and agreements (Ministerial Agreement 0323) in full compliance with current legislation.</p>

scholarly journals Daytime perimeter environmental noise in the vicinity of four hospitals in the city of Lima, Peru

Noise Mapping ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Alberto E. García-Rivero ◽  
Ricardo Ángel Yuli-Posadas ◽  
Warren Reátegui Romero ◽  
Odón Sánchez-Ccoyllo ◽  
Wilfredo Bulege-Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Measurement Mode ◽  
Special Protection Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
National Environmental

AbstractThe present study is intended to get to know the levels of perimeter diurnal environmental noise of four hospitals in the city of Lima. The measurement mode used at each hospital was A-weighting, with an integration time of five minutes per recording. It was measured in the FAST mode with calibrations made at the beginning and end of the measurement day. Statistical analysis consisted of the mean comparison T test which was applied at all the hospitals considered in the study. At the four hospitals, at all the hours of measurement and both on working days and non-working days (Sunday), LAeq mean values are higher than 83 dBA. On working days, two periods of maximum noise from 08:00 to 10:00 in the morning and from 17:00 to 19:00 in the afternoon coincide with the start and end of working hours. The perimeter diurnal environmental noise levels determined at the vicinity of four hospitals show higher values in all cases to those established by the Peruvian National Environmental Standards for Noise for special protection areas both for working days and for non-working days. Noise that comes from the dense and disorganized traffic of Lima plays a fundamental role in this behaviour.

Samarinda Grabbike Driver’s Income Analysis in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Made Ngurah Partha ◽  
Noor Ellyawati ◽  
Komang Ayu Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

This research purposes to determine the income of Grabbike drivers in Samarinda during March 2019 and to compare the income toward the City Minimum Wage (UMK) in 2019. This research also intends to know the average and the percentage of Grabbike driver’s income in Samarinda toward the City Minimum Wage (UMK) in 2019. This is a descriptive quantitative research. The populations in this research are 1200 Samarinda Grabbike drivers in 2019 with 120 respondents. Data collection techniques in this research use questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the net income formula; the average and percentage income. The research data and analysis of the Samarinda Grabbike driver’s income in 2019 includes several indicators; the number of working hours and working days. The research results show that the Samarinda Grabbike driver’s net income in March 2019 is Rp. 200,758,204. The percentage comparison between Samarinda Grabbike Driver’s incomes toward the City Minimum Wage (UMK) shows 24 drivers achieving high-level income or 20%, 65 drivers achieving medium-level income or 54.2% and 31 drivers achieving low-level income or 25.8%. The average income of Samarinda Grabbike drivers in March 2019 is Rp. 1,672,985.

Hospital Waste Generation During an Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Taiwan

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chow F. Chiang ◽  
Fung C. Sung ◽  
Fang H. Chang ◽  
Ching T. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Infectious Waste

During the SARS outbreak in Taiwan, the number of ambulatory patients and inpatients treated at one medical center decreased by 40%-70% because of the increasing number of SARS patients. A the peak of the epidemic, the amount of hospital infectious waste had increased from a norm of 0.85 kg per patient-day to 2.7 kg per patient-day. However, the hospital was able to return the generation of waste to normal levels within 10 days.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Adventure Game Berbasis Mobile Pada Komunitas Pendaki Gunung bandung

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Angga Sopian Munawar ◽  
Wildan Wiguna ◽  
Tika Adilah M
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Communication Line ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Adventure Game ◽  
Adventure Games ◽  
Simple Features ◽  
The City

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini semakin pesat, teknologi bereperan baik sebagai media interaksi sosial, sarana edukasi, maupun sarana hiburan. Dengan menerapkan teknologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, diharapkan dapat membantu dan mempermudah pekerjaan. Salah satu bentuk kegiatan adalah pendakian dan petulangan, yaitu sebuah kegiatan dengan mengkombinasikan olahraga dan rekreasi yang sangat digemari oleh kalangan muda. Komunitas Pendaki Gunung Bandung (KPGB) merupakan Komunitas dengan kegiatan pendakian atau petualangan yang berperan sebagai media komunikasi dan informasi antar pegiat alam. Komunitas ini diharapkan menjadi jalur komunikasi terjalinya silaturahmi untuk membentuk kokoh rasa kekeluargaan antar sesama pendaki khususnya di Kota Bandung. Kesibukan dan padatnya jam kerja menyebabkan para anggota kesulitan dalam mengatur jadwal untuk melakukan aktivitas pendakian. Banyaknya rintangan dan tingkat kesulitan di medan pendakian, membuat banyak orang merasa takut untuk mendaki. Para pendaki yang mengalami kecelakaan dan hilang, bahkan meninggal dunia, menambah rasa takut bagi orang-orang yang ingin melakukan pendakian. Dari permasalahan yang ada perlu adanya gambaran tentang bagaimana menyelesaikan masalah ketika banyaknya aktivitas dari semua anggota yang tidak dapat melakukan pendakian. Maka aplikasi game yang bertemakan petualangan pendakian ini, dibentuk untuk memenuhi kepuasan para anggota Komunitas Pendaki Gunung Bandung, dengan pemrograman Cocos 2d-x berbasis game engine Android menggunakan smartphone yang menghasilkan game petulangan pendakian yang berkarakter 2D (dua dimensi). Aplikasi ini dirancang dengan fitur yang sederhana, oleh karena itu pengguna dapat memainkan game petualangan ini dengan nyaman. Terdapat pula fitur yang akan menghubungkan langsung pengguna dengan website KPGB, yang didalamnya terdapat informasi mengenai perlengkapan mendaki. Aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kesenangan bagi anggota Komunitas Pendaki Gunung Bandung yang tidak bisa melakukan aktivitas berpetualang atau mendaki secara langsung.   The development of technology is currently increasingly rapid, technology plays a role both as a medium of social interaction, a means of education, and a means of entertainment. By applying technology in everyday life, it is hoped that it can help and make work easier. One form of activity is climbing and adventure, which is an activity that combines sports and recreation which is very popular with young people. The Bandung Mountaineering Community (KPGB) is a community with climbing or adventure activities that act as a medium of communication and information between nature activists. This community is expected to be a communication line for establishing friendships to form a strong sense of kinship between fellow climbers, especially in the city of Bandung. Busy and busy working hours cause the members to find it difficult to arrange a schedule for climbing activities. The number of obstacles and levels of difficulty in the climbing field, makes many people feel afraid to climb. The climbers who had accidents and disappeared, and even died, added to the fear of those who wanted to climb. From the existing problems, it is necessary to have an idea of how to solve the problem when there are many activities from all members who cannot climb. So this game application with the theme of climbing adventure, was formed to meet the satisfaction of members of the Bandung Mountaineering Community, with Cocos 2d-x programming based on the Android game engine using a smartphone that produces climbing adventure games with 2D (two-dimensional) characters. This application is designed with simple features, therefore users can play this adventure game comfortably. There is also a feature that will connect users directly to the KPGB website, in which there is information about climbing equipment. This application is expected to provide pleasure for members of the Bandung Mountaineering Community who cannot carry out adventure or climbing activities directly.  

scholarly journals Mexican Medical Students Protest During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Torres-Hernández ◽  
Patricio García-Espinosa ◽  
Edgar Botello-Hernández ◽  
Diego Ortega-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
City Hall ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Precarious Situation

During February  2021, a protest was organized by Mexican medical students through social media. About 200 interns, social service physicians and physicians protested peacefully in front of the city hall of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, the capital of Mexico's second largest metropolitan area. Due to the current contingency situation, it was requested to attend with face shield and masks. The reason for the protest was to raise their voice due to the precarious situation where social service physicians are sent to rural areas of the country in which they have all the obligations of workers but without belonging to the working class - lacking the the benefits of this same as a living wage or fair working hours. The protesters were in limbo between student and worker. The protest also demanded justice for the sensitive death of young doctors due to malpractice situations of the Mexican authorities. We believe that a total reform of the social service in medicine is necessary. It is the responsibility of the authorities to cover the rural areas with permanently trained doctors without depending on recently graduated doctors. It is always important to assert our fundamental rights, including the right to protest in a peaceful manner.

scholarly journals Study of historical precipitation series from 1988 to 2019 in the city of Francisco Beltrão-PR

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Saldanha Paulino ◽  
Eduarda Lopes De Almeida ◽  
Yara Campos Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Rainfall Variations ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Rainy Days

It is through rainwater that water sources are recharged and subsequently distributed to the population, which uses this water in different ways. Knowledge of rainfall variations is of great importance for the planning and management of water resources, such as the study of intense and dry rainfall. This study aimed to analyze the historical series of rainfall from 1988 to 2019 in the city of Francisco Beltrão - PR, northwest region of the state of Paraná. As a methodology, annual precipitation data were taken, which is measured by monthly rainfall averages, on the website Águas Paraná Paraná), and with this information, it was possible to carry out analyzes of rainfall in the interval of thirty years, which is the minimum time. necessary to observe significant changes in the climate. From the results found and the analysis of the historical series, it was observed that the years 1988 and 1990 had the lowest (108 rainy days) amount of precipitation and the highest (173 rainy days), respectively. The big difference between them is that in 1988 Brazil was under the influence of the La Niña phenomenon, which reduces the rainfall regime. In addition, it was noted that there was a considerable increase in precipitation, which raises the hypothesis of the expansion of pollution, which consequently increases the rate of evapotranspiration and thus leads to an increase in rainy days. In the studied timeframe, Francisco Beltrão expanded his industrial area, which, consequently, may have generated greater atmospheric emissions. Thus, it was possible to conclude that from 1988 to 2019 the rainfall regime increased, assuming the greatest amount of pollution. There were also years when El Niño and La Ninã acted more intensely, causing disturbances that directly affected agriculture and vegetation.

How many working hours are spent on direct care?

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (33) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Keith Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Direct Care

scholarly journals Comprehensiveness and programmatic vulnerability to stds/hiv/aids in primary care

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Ferreira do Val ◽  
Lucia Yasuko Izumi Nichiata
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids




This study aimed to identify programmatic vulnerability to STDs/HIV/AIDS in primary health centers (PHCs). This is a descrip - tive and quantitative study carried out in the city of São Paulo. An online survey was applied (FormSUS platform), involving administrators from 442 PHCs in the city, with responses received from 328 of them (74.2%), of which 53.6% were nurses. At - tention was raised in relation to program - matic vulnerability in the PHCs regarding certain items of infrastructure, prevention, treatment, prenatal care and integration among services on STDs/HIV/AIDS care. It was concluded that in order to reach comprehensiveness of actions for HIV/ AIDS in primary health care, it is necessary to consider programmatic vulnerability, in addition to more investment and reor - ganization of services in a dialogue with the stakeholders (users, multidisciplinary teams, and managers, among others).




Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document