scholarly journals UDASH – Unified Database for Arctic and Subarctic Hydrography

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1119-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Behrendt ◽  
Hiroshi Sumata ◽  
Benjamin Rabe ◽  
Ursula Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Salinity Data ◽  
Archive Data ◽  
Temperature Depth

Abstract. UDASH (Unified Database for Arctic and Subarctic Hydrography) is a unified and high-quality temperature and salinity data set for the Arctic Ocean and the subpolar seas north of 65∘ N for the period 1980–2015. The archive aims at including all publicly available data and so far consists of 288 532 oceanographic profiles measured mainly with conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) probes, bottles, mechanical thermographs and expendable thermographs. The data were collected by ships, ice-tethered profilers, profiling floats and other platforms. To achieve a uniform quality level, suitable for a wide range of oceanographic analyses, approximately 74 million single measurements of temperature and salinity were thoroughly quality checked. A large number of duplicate and erroneous profiles were detected and not included in the archive. Data outliers were flagged for quick identification. The final archive provides a unique and simple way of accessing most of the available temperature and salinity data for the Arctic Ocean and can be downloaded from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.872931.

scholarly journals UDASH – Unified Database for Arctic and Subarctic Hydrography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Behrendt ◽  
Hiroshi Sumata ◽  
Benjamin Rabe ◽  
Ursula Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Salinity Data ◽  
Archive Data ◽  
Temperature Depth

Abstract. UDASH is a unified and high-quality temperature and salinity data set for the Arctic Ocean and the subpolar seas north of 65° N for the period 1980–2015. The archive aims at including all publicly available data and so far consists of 288 532 oceanographic profiles measured mainly with conductivity/temperature/depth (CTD) probes, bottles, mechanical thermographs and expendable thermographs. The data were collected by ships, ice-tethered profilers, profiling floats and other platforms. To achieve a uniform quality level, suitable for a wide range of oceanographic analyses, approximately 74 million single measurements of temperature and salinity were thoroughly quality-checked. A large number of duplicate and erroneous profiles were detected and not included into the archive. Data outliers, suspicious gradients and other suspect data were flagged for quick identification. The final archive provides a unique and simple way of accessing most of the available temperature and salinity data for the Arctic Mediterranean Sea and can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.872931.

scholarly journals Arctic freshwater fluxes: sources, tracer budgets and inconsistencies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Forryan ◽  
Sheldon Bacon ◽  
Takamasa Tsubouchi ◽  
Sinhué Torres-Valdés ◽  
Alberto C. Naveira Garabato
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Freshwater Flux ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Freshwater Fluxes ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Geochemical Tracer

Abstract. The traditionally divergent perspectives of the Arctic Ocean freshwater budget provided by control volume-based and geochemical tracer-based approaches are reconciled, and the sources of inter-approach inconsistencies identified, by comparing both methodologies using an observational data set of the circulation and water mass properties at the basin's boundary in summer 2005. The control volume-based and geochemical estimates of the Arctic Ocean (liquid) freshwater fluxes are 147 ± 42 mSv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) and 140 ± 67 mSv, respectively, and are thus in agreement. Examination of meteoric, sea ice and seawater contributions to the freshwater fluxes reveals near equivalence of the net freshwater flux out of the Arctic and the meteoric source to the basin, and a close balance between the transport of solid sea ice and ice-derived meltwater out of the Arctic and the freshwater deficit in the seawater from which the sea ice has been frozen out. Inconsistencies between the two approaches are shown to stem from the distinction between "Atlantic" and "Pacific" waters based on tracers in geochemical tracer-based calculations. The definition of Pacific waters is found to be particularly problematic, because of the non-conservative nature of the inorganic nutrients underpinning that definition, as well as the low salinity characterising waters entering the Arctic through Bering Strait - which makes them difficult to isolate from meteoric sources.

scholarly journals Measuring sea ice concentration in the Arctic Ocean using SMOS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Gabarro ◽  
Antonio Turiel ◽  
Pedro Elosegui ◽  
Joaquim A. Pla-Resina ◽  
Marcos Portabella
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Microwave Imager

Abstract. We present a new method to estimate sea ice concentration in the Arctic Ocean using brightness temperature observations from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) interferometric satellite. The method, which employs a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE), exploits the marked difference in radiative properties between sea ice and seawater, in particular when observed over the wide range of satellite viewing angles afforded by SMOS. Observations at L-band frequencies such as those from SMOS (i.e., 1.4 GHz, or equivalently 21-cm wavelength) are advantageous to remote sensing of sea ice because the atmosphere is virtually transparent at that frequency. We find that sea ice concentration is well determined (correlations of about 0.75) as compared to estimates from other sensors such as the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I and SSMIS). We also find that the efficacy of the method decreases under thin sea ice conditions (ice thickness

Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Backman ◽  
Kathryn Moran
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Recovered Material

AbstractThe Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) proved to be one of the most transformational missions in almost 40 year of scientific ocean drilling. ACEX recovered the first Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from the Arctic Ocean and extended earlier piston core records from ≈1.5 Ma back to ≈56 Ma. The results have had a major impact in paleoceanography even though the recovered sediments represents only 29% of Cenozoic time. The missing time intervals were primarily the result of two unexpected hiatuses. This important Cenozoic paleoceanographic record was reconstructed from a total of 339 m sediments. The wide range of analyses conducted on the recovered material, along with studies that integrated regional tectonics and geophysical data, produced surprising results including high Arctic Ocean surface water temperatures and a hydrologically active climate during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the occurrence of a fresher water Arctic in the Eocene, ice-rafted debris as old as middle Eocene, a middle Eocene environment rife with organic carbon, and ventilation of the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic through the Fram Strait near the early-middle Miocene boundary. Taken together, these results have transformed our view of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean and its role in the Earth climate system.

On the Oceanography of the Nansen Sound Fiord System

ARCTIC ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Ford ◽  
G. Hattersley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Salinity Data

Summarizes exploration of the fiord system of northwest Ellesmere and northeast Axel Heiberg Islands, from discovery in 1883 to 1962, and describes in detail results of oceanographic surveys in 1962. Temperature and salinity data are graphed and analyzed. Water warmer than -10C below 100 m is believed to be derived from the Atlantic water intermediate layer in the Arctic Ocean. A persistent inversion at 40 m in the Tanquary and other upper fiords is theorized as being due to trapping of direct solar insolation. Conditions conductive to this are discussed.

A pan-Arctic algorithm for DOC concentrations from CDOM spectra

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo ◽  
Mats Granskog ◽  
Christopher Osburn ◽  
Colin Stedmon
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Shelf Seas

<div><span>The surface layer of the Arctic Ocean carries a higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content than other ocean basins. Climate change impacts the Arctic aquatic DOC-pool by e.g., introducing DOC trapped in permafrost soils as they thaw and by increasing the terrestrial runoff and primary production. Sampling for DOC in the Arctic is rather challenging given its remoteness and difficult access to the region and that it is not possible yet to determine DOC concentrations from instruments deployed in the field. Compared to DOC, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption spectroscopy is an easy-to-measure, relatively quick and cost-effective approach which is often closely related to DOC concentrations in water samples. In regions in close proximity to rivers, linear relationships between CDOM absorption at 350nm (a350) and DOC often can be found and, thus, have improved prediction of DOC using two end‐members. However, in regions with two or more end‐members of comparable DOC concentrations (shelf seas and oceanic waters) these relationships are difficult to derive, as there might be pools of similar concentration/intensity but different ratio of absorption to DOC (carbon specific absorption coefficient, a*). Here we present an algorithm to estimate DOC concentrations based on quantitative (a350) and qualitative (spectral absorption slope between 275 and 295nm, S275-295) properties of CDOM. The algorithm considers that there is a linear correlation between DOC and a350 but that the slope of the relationship (inverse of a*) varies depending on the exponent of the ultraviolet (UV) spectral slope (S275‐295), that is, the character or source of DOM. We compiled a Pan-Arctic dataset (n=3607) from a wide range of aquatic systems spanning lakes, rivers, estuaries, coastal and shelf seas and open ocean with salinity ranging from 0 to 35.3. DOC ranged between 19 and 2304µM, whereas a350 varied from 0.01–81.33m<sup>-1</sup> and S275-295 ranged 12–39µm<sup>-1</sup>. The algorithm provided significant and robust (r<sup>2</sup>=0.93; p<0.0001) DOC estimates (pDOC), ranging 1–2598µM (RMSE=64µM). This indicates that, besides its simplicity, this method is capable of capturing the extremely high variability of DOC within the broad gradient of Arctic aquatic systems considered in this study. Apart from that, pDOC estimates could reproduce both DOC profiles and the DOC vs. salinity relationship across the Arctic Ocean (i.e., distinct sites with highly distinct hydrographic conditions). This potentially makes the method suitable for high-resolution and long-term in situ monitoring of DOC concentrations in Arctic aquatic systems from e.g., absorbance measurements from in situ nitrate sensors. </span></div>

Priorities and drivers of the northern latitudinal course project implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
I. D. Novikova ◽  
E. S. Rudneva ◽  
K. A. Zabolotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Far North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Port Infrastructure ◽  
Further Development

Examined issues related to the implementation of the Northern Latitudinal Railway project, including its priorities and drivers. The relevance of this topic is associated with the implementation of the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030 for the transport and logistics development of the Far North and access to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Used analytical, marketing, design methods, shared materials and official sites, our own research. Marked identified the priority scientific and practical tasks, the priorities of the project, drivers, bottlenecks, options for further development. The problems and prospects of the Northern latitudinal course project were studied on the example of the development and modernization of the railway and port infrastructure of the transport system in the far North of Russia. The project will not only double the existing capacity of the transport infrastructure of the macroregion, but also involve a wide range of minerals in economic turnover, and ensure a stable presence of Russia in the Western and Central sectors of the Arctic.

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