scholarly journals C<sup>3</sup>ONTEXT: A Common Consensus on Convective OrgaNizaTion during the EUREC<sup>4</sup>A eXperimenT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauke Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Shallow Convection ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Full Dataset ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cloud Patterns ◽  
Meso Scale ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Convective Organization

Abstract. The C3ONTEXT (A Common Consensus on Convective OrgaNizaTion during the EUREC4A eXperimenT) dataset is presented as an overview about the meso-scale cloud patterns identified during the EUREC4A field campaign in early 2020. Based on infrared and visible satellite images, 50 researchers of the EUREC4A science team manually identified the four prevailing meso-scale patterns of shallow convection observed by Stevens et al. (2020). The common consensus on the observed meso-scale cloud patterns emerging from these manual classifications is presented. It builds the basis for future studies and reduces the subjective nature of these visually defined cloud patterns. This consensus makes it possible to contextualize the measurements of the EUREC4A field campaign and interpret them in the meso-scale setting. Commonly used approaches to capture the meso-scale patterns are computed for comparison and show good agreement with the manual classifications. All four patterns as classified by Stevens et al. (2020) were present in January–February 2020 although not all were dominant during the observing period of EUREC4A. The full dataset including postprocessed datasets for easier usage are openly available at the Zenodo archive at https://doi. org/10.5281/zenodo.5724585 (Schulz, 2021b).

In-situ estimates of the role of radiative cooling for shallow convective organization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fildier ◽  
Caroline Muller ◽  
Ludovic Touze-Peiffer ◽  
Anna Lea Albright
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Shallow Convection ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Radiative Processes ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Convective Organization

&lt;p&gt;This study investigates the role of radiative processes in shaping the spatial distribution of shallow clouds, using in-situ measurements retrieved during the EUREC4A field campaign. Horizontal gradients in atmospheric radiative cooling above the boundary layer had been advanced as important drivers of shallow circulation and low-level winds, through their effect on surface pressure gradients. Modeling studies first recognized their importance in idealized simulations of deep convection in radiative-convective equilibrium, then found a weaker role for idealized cases of very shallow convection; but recent work using remote-sensing data argued for their importance in strengthening the circulation close to the margin between dry and moist regions, on synoptic scales, arguing for a possible significance for these radiative effects on observed cloud structures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we investigate cases of intermediate scale, observed during the EUREC&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;A field campaign, where shallow convection extends vertically up to 4 km, and whose spatial organization can be described on mesoscales as &amp;#8220;fish&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;flower&amp;#8221; patterns. We perform careful radiative transfer calculations, using state-of-the-art spectroscopic data and over two thousand of dropsondes and radiosondes launched, to capture the fine details of radiative cooling profiles usually missed by satellite measurements. The large number of sondes allows us to sample radiative cooling information for the organization pattern of interest and analyze it in conjunction with the direct wind and humidity measurements. We also use geostationary estimates of precipitable water in clear-sky in order to cross-check the sonde data, and connect them to the organization pattern and to the position of the moist margin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results target the following relationships previously identified in idealized simulations: (a) between horizontal gradients in moisture and in top-of-the-boundary-layer radiative cooling, (b) between these radiative cooling gradients and surface wind anomalies across the moist margin, and (c) between the strength of surface winds as a function of the distance from the moist margin. These results will allow us to test the importance of radiative transfer processes in a real case of shallow convective organization.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals A Generalized Approach for Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced with Spherical Fillers

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Alexandre Serraïma-Ferrer ◽  
Aitor Lopeandía-Fernández ◽  
Marco Lattuada ◽  
Janak Sapkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Filler Network ◽  
New Research ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Research Avenue

In this work, the effective mechanical reinforcement of polymeric nanocomposites containing spherical particle fillers is predicted based on a generalized analytical three-phase-series-parallel model, considering the concepts of percolation and the interfacial glassy region. While the concept of percolation is solely taken as a contribution of the filler-network, we herein show that the glassy interphase between filler and matrix, which is often in the nanometers range, is also to be considered while interpreting enhanced mechanical properties of particulate filled polymeric nanocomposites. To demonstrate the relevance of the proposed generalized equation, we have fitted several experimental results which show a good agreement with theoretical predictions. Thus, the approach presented here can be valuable to elucidate new possible conceptual routes for the creation of new materials with fundamental technological applications and can open a new research avenue for future studies.

Tunable balanced to balanced filtering power divider with high common-mode suppression

Frequenz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Cao Zeng ◽  
Xue Han Hu ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
Xiao Wei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Return Loss ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Power Divider ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Differential Mode ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Mode Suppression ◽  
The Common ◽  
Equal Power ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractIn this paper, a tunable balanced-to-balanced in-phase filtering power divider (FPD) is designed, which can realize a two-way equal power division with high selectivity and isolation. A differential-mode (DM) passband with a steep filtering performance is realized by applying microstrip stub-loaded resonators (SLRs). Meanwhile, six varactors are loaded to the SLRs to achieve the center frequency (CF) and bandwidth adjustment, respectively. U-type microstrip lines integrated with stepped impedance slotline resonators are utilized as the differential feedlines, which suppress the common-mode (CM) intrinsically, making the DM responses independent of the CM ones. A tuning center frequency from 3.2 to 3.75 GHz and a fractional bandwidth (12.1–17.6%) with more than 10 dB return loss and less than 2.3 dB insertion loss can be achieved by changing the voltage across the varactors. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. To the best of authors' knowledge, the proposed balanced-to-balanced tunable FPD is first ever reported.

A Systematic Review of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianfang Wang ◽  
Qunhao Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Xue ◽  
Albert Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Acupuncture And Moxibustion ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
Study Designs

Studies on the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with acupuncture and moxibustion in China were reviewed. All studies concluded the treatments were effective, with response rates ranging from 78.95% to 100%. However, the qualities of the studies were generally poor, and none of them used a RCT design. The common acupoints/sites used in the treatment of CFS, which may reflect the collective experience of acupuncturists in China based on Traditional Chinese Medicine theories can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of CFS in future studies using more scientifically rigorous study designs.

Numerical Study on Progressive Failure of the Marble Plate Based on the Thin-Layer Tri-Node Jointed Element

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1867-1872
Author(s):  
Jing Hua Qi ◽  
Zhen Nan Zhang ◽  
Xiu Run Ge
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Triangular Element ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Joint Element ◽  
The Common ◽  
Edge Cracks ◽  
Good Agreement

In order to model the mechanical behavior of joints efficiently, a thin-layer tri-node joint element is constructed. The stiffness matrix of the element is derived in the paper. For it shares the common nodes with the original tri-node triangle element, the tri-node joint element can be applied to model the crack propagation without remeshing or mesh adjustment. Another advantage is that the cracked body is meshed without consideration of its geometry integrity and existence of the joints or pre-existed crack in the procedure of mesh generation, and then the triangular element intersected by the crack or joint is automatically transformed into the tri-node joint element to represent pre-existed cracks. These make the numerical simulation of crack propagation highly convenient and efficient. After CZM is chosen to model the crack tip, the mixed- energy simple criterion is used to determine whether the element is intersected by the extended crack or not, the extended crack is located in the model. By modeling the marble plates with two edge cracks subjected to the uniaxial compressive loads, it is shown that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which suggests that the present method is valid and feasible in modeling rock crack propagation.

scholarly journals Vocabulary Teaching and Learning Principles in Classroom Practices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Nur Salina Ismail ◽  
Safawati Basirah Zaid ◽  
Misrah Hamisah Mohamed ◽  
Nurazan Mohd Rouyan
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Classroom Practices ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Common ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
Effective Teaching And Learning

Vocabulary teaching and learning principles assist in providing effective teaching and learning methods, in accordance with the learners’ proficiency level. However, studies that looked into the relevancy of those principles are rather limited. Thus, this study focuses on finding the common practices of vocabulary teaching and learning principles in the classroom. Interviews involving three experts were done to determine their vocabulary teaching and learning principles application in their teaching. Based on the data analysed using Atlas t.i, out of ten Vocabulary Teaching and Learning Principles, only eight were practiced by the participants. The findings revealed that these experts, even though practice the principles, the approaches were varied. Finally, the data points to the need for future studies on the importance of having good vocabulary instructions in teaching and learning vocabulary.

scholarly journals Collisional Evolution of Galaxy Clusters: Fokker–Planck and N-body models

2003 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 449-450
Author(s):  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Tomohiro Sensui ◽  
Yoko Funato ◽  
Junichiro Makino
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Cluster Center ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
The Common ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Fokker Planck

We investigate the dynamical evolution of clusters of galaxies in virial equilibrium by using Fokker–Planck models and self-consistent N-body models. In particular we focus on the growth of the common halos and the development of the central density cusps in the clusters. We find good agreement between the Fokker–Planck and N-body models. At the cluster center the cusp approximated by a power law, ρ(r) ∝ r-α (α ∼ 1), develops. We conclude that this shallow cusp results from the combined effects of two-body relaxation and tidal stripping. The cusp steepness α weakly depends on the relative importance of tidal stripping.

Probablistic analysis of runoff simulations in a small urban catchment

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
F. Calomino ◽  
P. Veltri ◽  
P. Piro ◽  
J. Niemczynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Runoff Events ◽  
Peak Discharges ◽  
Good Agreement

In Urban Hydrology, a basic question is whether or not the common methods involving the use of design storms bring to the the some results obtained by those methods that make use of real storms. In general, one can say that different design storms give good results when used with the appropriate model, or, conversely, that good results can be achieved through careful model calibration. On the basis of 51 rainfall-runoff recordings obtained from the experimental catchment of Luzzi (Cosenza, Italy), the frequency distribution of the observed peak discharges was initially computed. Then the runoff events were simulated using Wallrus, a well known simulation model, taking as input the observed precipitations. The frequency distribution of the simulated peak discharges was compared to that of the observed ones, with the aim of calibrating the model on a statistical basis. After that, the rainfall events were analysed, obtaining the frequency distributions of the observed intensities over several durations and developing IDF curves of given frequencies and, then, the Chicago design storms. The plotting positions of the peak discharges simulated by this way show a good agreement with the distribution of both the observed peak discharges and the peak discharges simulated through the real storms.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Measurements of Propagating Waves at Different Nearshore Depths in Hujeong Beach, Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Jong Dae Do ◽  
Yeon S. Chang ◽  
Jae-Youll Jin ◽  
Weon Mu Jeong ◽  
Byunggil Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Shoreline Evolution ◽  
Propagating Waves ◽  
Storm Duration ◽  
Wave Nonlinearity ◽  
Wave Properties ◽  
Water Depths

This paper reports the results of hydrodynamic measurements at two different water depths to observe wave properties in the course of wave propagation, especially during storm periods, in Hujeong Beach, Korea. In addition to hydrodynamic measurements, video monitoring data and satellite images from Sentinel-II were employed to compare the temporal changes in shoreline positions and shallow water bathymetry during the storms. Through combination of a variety of observational data sets, the accuracy of analysis could be enhanced by preventing possible misinterpretation. Two significant storms were observed from two experiments conducted at different times and locations of the beach. The hydrodynamic conditions were similar in both of the periods in terms of wave and current conditions as well as wave nonlinearity such as skewness. However, the response of shoreline during the two storms was the opposite because it was eroded during the first storm but advanced during the second storm. This suggests that other controlling factors such as storm duration need to be investigated to support the analysis of cross-shore sediment transport and consequent shoreline evolution for future studies.

A novel balanced-to-balanced power divider based on three-line coupled structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Zhen Tan ◽  
Qing-Yuan Lu ◽  
Jian-Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Power Divider ◽  
Equivalent Circuits ◽  
Differential Mode ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Symmetrical Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThis paper presents a novel balanced-to-balanced power divider (PD) based on a simple and compact three-line coupled structure for the first time. By bisecting the proposed symmetrical structure, the differential mode (DM) and the common mode (CM) equivalent circuits can be obtained for analysis. The DM equivalent circuit exhibits a three-line in-phase power dividing response, and then a resistor is added between the two outputs for achieving good isolation. Meanwhile, the CM equivalent circuit shows a three-line all-stop response so that the CM suppression in this design does not need to be considered. Accordingly, the detailed design procedure of the DM PD is given. For demonstration, a prototype centered at 1.95 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The simulated and measured results with good agreement are presented, showing low DM loss and wideband CM suppression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document