scholarly journals H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O binary and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O–NH<sub>3</sub> ternary homogeneous and ion-mediated nucleation: lookup tables version 1.0 for 3-D modeling application

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2663-2670
Author(s):  
Fangqun Yu ◽  
Alexey B. Nadykto ◽  
Gan Luo ◽  
Jason Herb
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Multidimensional Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homogenous Nucleation ◽  
Nucleation Model ◽  
Lookup Tables ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Ionization Rates

Abstract. Formation of new particles in the atmosphere has important implications for air quality and climate. Recently, we have developed a kinetically based H2SO4–H2O–NH3-ion nucleation model which well captures the absolute values of nucleation rates as well as dependencies of nucleation rates on NH3 and H2SO4 concentrations, ionization rates, temperature, and relative humidity observed in the well-controlled Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) measurements. Here we employ the aforementioned recently developed kinetic nucleation model to generate nucleation rate lookup tables for H2SO4–H2O binary homogenous nucleation (BHN), H2SO4–H2O–NH3 ternary homogeneous nucleation (THN), H2SO4–H2O-ion binary ion-mediated nucleation (BIMN), and H2SO4–H2O–NH3-ion ternary ion-mediated nucleation (TIMN). A comparison of nucleation rates calculated using the lookup tables with CLOUD measurements of BHN, BIMN, THN, and TIMN is presented. The lookup tables cover a wide range of key parameters controlling binary, ternary, and ion-mediated nucleation in the Earth's atmosphere and are a cost-efficient solution for multidimensional modeling. The lookup tables and FORTRAN codes, made available through this work, can be readily used in 3-D modeling. The lookup tables can also be used by experimentalists involved in laboratory and field measurements for a quick assessment of nucleation involving H2SO4, H2O, NH3, and ions.

scholarly journals H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O binary and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O-NH<sub>3</sub> ternary homogeneous and ion-mediated nucleation: Lookup tables for 3-D modeling application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangqun Yu ◽  
Alexey B. Nadykto ◽  
Gan Luo ◽  
Jason Herb
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homogenous Nucleation ◽  
Nucleation Model ◽  
Lookup Tables ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Ionization Rates

Abstract. Formation of new particles in the atmosphere have important implications for air quality and climate. Recently, we have developed a kinetically-based H2SO4-H2O-NH3-Ions nucleation model which captures well the absolute values of nucleation rates as well as dependencies of nucleation rates on NH3 and H2SO4 concentrations, ionization rates, temperature, and relative humidity observed in the well-controlled Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) measurements. Here we employ the aforementioned recently developed kinetic nucleation model to generate nucleation rate look-up tables for H2SO4-H2O binary homogenous nucleation (BHN), H2SO4-H2O-NH3 ternary homogeneous nucleation (THN), H2SO4-H2O-Ions binary ion-mediated nucleation (BIMN), and H2SO4-H2O-NH3-Ions ternary ion-mediated nucleation (TIMN). A comparison of nucleation rates calculated using the lookup tables with CLOUD measurements of BHN, BIMN, THN, and TIMN is presented. The lookup tables cover a wide range of key parameters controlling binary, ternary and ion-mediated nucleation in the Earth’s atmosphere, and are a cost-efficient solution for multi-dimensional modeling. The lookup tables and FORTRAN codes, made available through this work, can be readily used for BHN, THN, BIMN, and TIMN simulations in 3-D modeling. The lookup tables can also be used by experimentalists involved in laboratory and field measurements for a quick assessment of nucleation involving H2SO4, H2O, NH3, and Ions.

Formation and composition of training flax collection

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
L.M. Kryvosheieva ◽  
V.I. Chuchvaha ◽  
N.M. Kandyba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Aim. Based on the results of multi-year research into the flax gene pool, to form a flax training collection to provide breeding scientific organizations and educational institutions with collection samples as well as with information about the bast crop gene pool. Results and Discussion. The studies were conducted in the crop rotation fields for breeding and seed production of the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS (Hlukhiv, Sumska Oblast) in 1992-2018. The field measurements and laboratory analyses were carried out in accordance with conventional methods of field and laboratory studies of collection flax samples.The article presents the results on the formation of a training collection of flax at the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS, which has 117 accessions (11 botanical species and three varieties) from 22 countries. In addition to species diversity, the collection includes accessions with different levels of expression of valuable economic and biological characteristics. It also includes accessions selected by phenotypic variability of individual characters or their combinations. The multi-year research into the flax collection accessions resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest for the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine is shown, where breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems, are presented. The collection can be used as a visual aid for the plant breeding course in educational programs; in addition, it can provide starting material for scientific and educational institutions. The collection is registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (certificate No. 00273 dated 04/11/2019). Conclusions. The studies of accessions from the national flax collection allowed us to build up a training collection and register it with the NCPGRU. The collection represents a wide range of biological and economic features of the gene pool of this crop. The collection can be used in the educational process of educational agricultural and biological institutions. The multi-year research into the national flax collection resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest to the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine got covered, and breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems are presented.

Paraffin diffractive lens for sub-terahertz range simple and cost efficient solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Siemion ◽  
Mateusz Surma ◽  
Pawe Komorowski ◽  
Przemyslaw Zagrajek ◽  
Micha Walczakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Terahertz Range ◽  
Diffractive Lens ◽  
Cost Efficient

Assessment of Certainty of Ventilation Processes Mathematical Modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1255-1260
Author(s):  
Tamara Daciuk ◽  
Vera Ulyasheva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semiempirical Models

Numerical experiment has been successfully used during recent 10-15 years to solve a wide range of thermal and hydrogasodynamic tasks. Application of mathematical modeling used to design the ventilation systems for production premises characterized by heat emission may be considered to be an effective method to obtain reasonable solutions. Results of calculation performed with numerical solution of ventilation tasks depend on turbulence model selection. Currently a large number of different turbulence models used to calculate turbulent flows are known. Testing and definition of applicability limits for semiempirical models of turbulence should be considered to be a preliminary stage of calculation. This article presents results of test calculations pertaining to thermal air process modeling in premises characterized by presence of heat emission sources performed with employment of different models of turbulence. Besides, analysis of calculation results and comparison with field measurements data are presented.

scholarly journals A Novel Adaptive Pixels Segmentation Algorithm for Pavement Crack Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Safaei ◽  
Omar Smadi ◽  
Babak Safaei ◽  
Arezoo Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Segmentation Algorithm ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Pavement Crack Detection

<p>Cracks considerably reduce the life span of pavement surfaces. Currently, there is a need for the development of robust automated distress evaluation systems that comprise a low-cost crack detection method for performing fast and cost-effective roadway health monitoring practices. Most of the current methods are costly and have labor-intensive learning processes, so they are not suitable for small local-level projects with limited resources or are only usable for specific pavement types.</p> <p>This paper proposes a new method that uses an improved version of the weighted neighborhood pixels segmentation algorithm to detect cracks in 2-D pavement images. This method uses the Gaussian cumulative density function as the adaptive threshold to overcome the drawback of fixed thresholds in noisy environments. The proposed algorithm was tested on 300 images containing a wide range of noise representative of different noise conditions. This method proved to be time and cost-efficient as it took less than 3.15 seconds per 320 × 480 pixels image for a Xeon (R) 3.70 GHz CPU processor to determine the detection results. This makes the model a perfect choice for county-level pavement maintenance projects requiring cost-effective pavement crack detection systems. The validation results were promising for the detection of low to severe-level cracks (Accuracy = 97.3%, Precision = 79.21%, Recall= 89.18% and F<sub>1</sub> score = 83.9%).</p>

scholarly journals Dynamic Routing and Coordination of Cluster for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Swarms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ali Abbas ◽  
Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry ◽  
Muhammad Saqib ◽  
Vishal Dattana
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Combinatorial Problem ◽  
Communication Graph ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Results

The flying networks provide an efficient solution for a wide range of military and commercial purposes. The demand for portable and flexible communication is directed towards a quick growth in interaction among unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Due to the frequent change in topology and high mobility of vehicles, routing and coordination becomes a challenging task. To maximize the throughput of the network, this study addresses the UAV swarm’s problems related to the coordination and routing and defines the proposed solution to solve these issues. For this, a network is assumed which contains an equal number of dynamic vehicles. It also presents the communication graph concept of UAVs and designs a fixed-wing UAV model to improve the efficiency of the network in terms of throughput. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm based on Cauchy particle swarm optimization (CPSO) aims towards the better performance of UAV swarms and aims to solve the combinatorial problem. The simulation results show and confirm the performance of the proposed algorithm.

Managing E-Health in the Age of Web 2.0

E-Marketing ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 1268-1288
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Efficient Mechanism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Impact

The use of Web 2.0 internet tools for healthcare is noted for its great potential to address a wide range of healthcare issues or improve overall delivery. However, there have been various criticisms of Web 2.0, including in its application to healthcare where it has been described as more marketing and hype than a real departure from previous medical internet or eHealth trends. Authors have noted that there is scant evidence demonstrating it as a cost efficient mechanism to improve outcomes for patients. Moreover, the investments in Web 2.0 for health, or the wider concept of eHealth, are becoming increasingly significant. Hence given the uncertainty surrounding its value, this chapter aims to critically examine the issues associated with emerging use of Web 2.0 for health. The authors look at how it not only distinguishes itself from previous eHealth trends but also how it enhances them, examining the impact on eHealth investment and management from a policy perspective, and how research can aid this management.

scholarly journals Comparisons between Asphalt Pavement Responses under Vehicular Loading and FWD Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Song Yang ◽  
Bing Qi ◽  
Zhensheng Cao ◽  
Shaoqiang Zhang ◽  
Huailei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Strain ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vehicular Speed ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Falling Weight ◽  
Strain Responses

The strain responses of asphalt pavement layer under vehicular loading are different from those under falling weight deflectometer (FWD) loading, due to the discrepancies between the two types of loadings. This research aims to evaluate and compare the asphalt layer responses under vehicular loading and FWD loadings. Two full-scale asphalt pavement structures, namely, flexible pavement and semirigid pavement, were constructed and instrumented with strain gauges. The strain responses of asphalt layers under vehicular and FWD loadings were measured and analyzed. Except for field measurements, the finite element (FE) models of the experimental pavements were established to simulate the pavement responses under a wide range of loading conditions. Field strain measurements indicate that the asphalt layer strain under vehicular loading increases with the rising temperature roughly in an exponential mode, while it decreases with the rising vehicular speed approximately linearly. The strain pulses in the asphalt layer generated by FWD loading are different from those induced by vehicular loading. The asphalt layer strains generated by FWD loading are close to those induced by low vehicular speed (35 km/h). The results from the FE model imply that the asphalt layer strains under FWD loading and vehicular loading are distributed similarly in the depth profile. For flexible pavement, the position of critical strain shifts gradually from the bottom of the asphalt layer to the mid-depth of the layer, as the temperature increases. For semirigid pavement, the position of critical strain is always located at the intermediate depth of the asphalt layer, regardless of temperatures.

scholarly journals Interaction between Sound and Thermal Influences on Patient Comfort in the Hospitals of China’s Northern Heating Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Qi Meng ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Jingyi Mu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Negative Stimulus ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Heating Region ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range

Previous studies have found that hospitals are often inadequately ventilated in the heating region of China, which causes an increased risk of negative impacts on patients. The complex interaction between thermal comfort and acoustics presents considerable challenges for designers. There is a wide range of literature covering the area of the interaction between the sound–thermal, sound–odor, and acoustic–visual influences, but a focused research on the sound –thermal influence on comfort in hospitals has not been published yet. This paper describes a series of field measurements and subjective evaluations that investigate the thermal comfort and acoustic performance of eighteen hospitals in China. The results showed that the thermal comfort in the monitored wards was mostly acceptable, but the temperatures tended to be much higher and the humidity much lower, in practice than they were designed to be in the heating season. The most significant conclusion is that a positive thermal stimulus can create a comfortable thermal environment, which can improve patients’ evaluation of the acoustics, while a negative stimulus has the opposite effect. A comfortable acoustic environment also caused patients to positively evaluate thermal comfort. Moreover, the relationship between thermal and sound effects in the overall evaluation showed that they are almost equal.

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