Silicone v1.0.0: an open-source Python package for inferring missing emissions data for climate change research

Abstract. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) project future anthropogenic emissions which can be used as input for climate models. However, the full list of climate-relevant emissions is lengthy and most IAMs do not model all of them. Here we present Silicone, an open-source Python package which infers anthropogenic emissions of unmodelled species based on other reported emissions projections. For example, it can infer nitrous oxide emissions in one scenario based on carbon dioxide emissions from that scenario plus the relationship between nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions found in other scenarios. Infilling broadens the range of IAMs available for exploring projections of future climate change, and hence Silicone forms part of the open-source pipeline for assessments of the climate implications of IAM scenarios, led by the Integrated Assessment Modelling Consortium (IAMC). This paper presents a variety of infilling options and outlines their suitability for different cases. We recommend certain infilling techniques as good defaults but emphasise that considering the specifics of the model being infilled will produce better results. We demonstrate the package's utility with three examples: infilling all required gases for a pathway with data for only one emission species, splitting up a Kyoto emissions total into separate gases, and complementing a set of idealised emissions curves to provide a complete, consistent emissions portfolio. The code and notebooks explaining details of the package and how to use it are available on GitHub (https://github.com/GranthamImperial/silicone, last access: 2 November 2020). The repository with this paper's examples and uses of the code to complement existing research is available at https://github.com/GranthamImperial/silicone_examples (last access: 2 November 2020).

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Silicone v1.0.0: an open-source Python package for inferring missing emissions data for climate change research

10.5194/gmd-2020-138 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robin D. Lamboll ◽

Zebedee R. J. Nicholls ◽

Jarmo S. Kikstra ◽

Malte Meinshausen ◽

Joeri Rogelj

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Open Source ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Anthropogenic Emissions ◽

Climate Change Research ◽

Python Package

Abstract. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) project future anthropogenic emissions for input into climate models. However, the full list of climate-relevant emissions is lengthy and most IAMs do not model all of them. Here we present silicone, an open-source Python package which infers anthropogenic emissions of missing species based on other known emissions. For example, it can infer nitrous oxide emissions in one scenario based on carbon dioxide emissions from that scenario plus the relationship between nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions in other scenarios. This broadens the range of IAMs available for exploring projections of future climate change. Silicone forms part of the open-source pipeline for assessments of the climate implications of IAMs by the IAM consortium (IAMC). A variety of infilling options are outlined and their suitability for different cases are discussed. The code and notebooks explaining details of the package and how to use it are available from the GitHub repository, https://github.com/GranthamImperial/silicone. There is an additional repository showing uses of the code to complement existing research at https://github.com/GranthamImperial/silicone_examples.

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Balancing the competing needs of climate change, biodiversity and rural communities

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620003088x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 249-249

Author(s):

H Prosser

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Land Use ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Energy Use ◽

New Technology ◽

The Uk

The work of the UK Climate Change Commission (UKCCC) in recommending targets and options for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases is focusing attention on what agriculture and land use can contribute to deliver these targets. Although overall the major issue is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from energy use, agriculture and land use are significant emitters of methane and nitrous oxide. UKCCC has identified three main routes by which emissions can be reduced• Lifestyle change with less reliance on carbon intensive produce -eg switching from sheep, and beef to pig, poultry and vegetables.• Changing farm practices – eg to improve use of fertilisers and manures• Using new technology on farms – eg modifying rumen processes, anaerobic digestion.

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The contribution of carbon dioxide emissions from the aviation sector to future climate change

Environmental Research Letters ◽

10.1088/1748-9326/ab3086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 084019 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E Terrenoire ◽

D A Hauglustaine ◽

T Gasser ◽

O Penanhoat

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Future Climate ◽

Future Climate Change

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The Impact of Air Transportation on Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL Modelling Approach

International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development ◽

10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.36.2001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 7-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Syeda Anam Hassan ◽

Misbah Nosheen

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Air Transportation ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Positive Relation ◽

Long Run ◽

The Impact ◽

Bound Test

No one can deny the progression and innovation in the aviation transportation collected at national and international level. But the accountancy of the impact of air transportation on environmental degradation is naive and emerging trend of the current era. The air transportation versus environment is the key contribution to the literature that is solely conducted for Pakistan first time in this context. The objective of this research is to compute the impact of air transportation on carbon dioxide emissions, nitrous emissions and methane emissions separately in the three models by applying ARDL bound test approach during 1990 to 2017. The result depicts significant and positive relation of air transportation (carriage) to carbon dioxide emissions (0.77), nitrous emissions (0.20) and methane emissions (0.38) in long-run. The short-run results infer that the air transportation (passenger) has significantly positive relation to carbon dioxide emissions (0.278), nitrous emissions (0.207), and methane emissions (0.080). The econometric outcomes show the significant and direct relation to transportation (both passenger and cargo) to carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions in short and long-run. Moreover, per capita GDP, population density, and energy demand also significantly affect the environment showing significant and positive coefficients to all three categories (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) of emission. In case of Pakistan, FDI and trade for this duration didn’t significantly contribute to the CO2, NO2, and methane emissions. Since the last decade the economic issues of Pakistan like terrorism, political instability, energy crises, and poor management along with the worst performance by tertiary sectors have severely hit the economy, and as a result, the FDI and trade sector has tormented in a substantial proportion. Finally, pairwise Granger causation also supports the short and long-run consequences. The outcomes suggested that the fuel-efficient energy use and technological diversification in the transportation sector are essential to mitigate the degrading environmental emissions.

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Responses of nitrous oxide emissions from crop rotation systems to four projected future climate change scenarios on a black Vertosol in subtropical Australia

Climatic Change ◽

10.1007/s10584-017-1973-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 142 (3-4) ◽

pp. 545-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yong Li ◽

De Li Liu ◽

Graeme Schwenke ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Ian Macadam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Future Climate ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Subtropical Australia

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Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model – Part 1: Abatement share and investment in low-carbon technologies

Earth System Dynamics Discussions ◽

10.5194/esdd-6-819-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 819-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. B. Z. Ogutu ◽

F. D'Andrea ◽

M. Ghil ◽

C. Nyandwi ◽

M. M. Manene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Integrated Assessment ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Carbon Intensity ◽

Positive Effects

Abstract. The Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model described herein takes an integrated assessment approach to simulating global change. By using an endogenous economic growth module with physical and human capital accumulation, this paper considers the sustainability of economic growth, as economic activity intensifies greenhouse gas emissions that in turn cause economic damage due to climate change. Different types of fossil fuels and different technologies produce different volumes of carbon dioxide in combustion. The shares of different fuels and their future evolution are not known. We assume that the dynamics of hydrocarbon-based energy share and their replacement with renewable energy sources in the global energy balance can be modeled into the 21st century by use of logistic functions. Various climate change mitigation policy measures are considered. While many integrated assessment models treat abatement costs merely as an unproductive loss of income, we consider abatement activities also as an investment in overall energy efficiency of the economy and decrease of overall carbon intensity of the energy system. The paper shows that these efforts help to reduce the volume of industrial carbon dioxide emissions, lower temperature deviations, and lead to positive effects in economic growth.

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Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Lab-Scaled Manure Bedpacks with and without Aluminum Sulfate Additions

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments6100108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Spiehs ◽

Woodbury ◽

Parker

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Aluminum Sulfate ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Ammonia Emissions ◽

Alum Treatment ◽

Entire Treatment

The poultry industry has successfully used aluminum sulfate (alum) as a litter amendment to reduce NH3 emissions from poultry barns, but alum has not been evaluated for similar uses in cattle facilities. A study was conducted to measure ammonia (NH3), greenhouse gases (GHG), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions from lab-scaled bedded manure packs over a 42-day period. Two frequencies of application (once or weekly) and four concentrations of alum (0, 2.5, 5, and 10% by mass) were evaluated. Frequency of alum application was either the entire treatment of alum applied on Day 0 (once) or 16.6% of the total alum mass applied each week for six weeks. Ammonia emissions were reduced when 10% alum was used, but H2S emissions increased as the concentration of alum increased in the bedded packs. Nitrous oxide emissions were not affected by alum treatment. Methane emissions increased as the concentration of alum increased in the bedded packs. Carbon dioxide emissions were highest when 5% alum was applied and lowest when 0% alum was used. Results of this study indicate that 10% alum is needed to effectively reduce NH3 emissions, but H2S and methane emissions may increase when this concentration of alum is used.

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Foreign Direct Investment Dependence and the Neglected Greenhouse Gas: A Cross-National Analysis of Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Developing Countries, 1990–2014

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.1177/0731121420937738 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 073112142093773

Author(s):

Steven Andrew Mejia

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

National Analysis

Scholars have long inquired the anthropogenic causes of greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of empirical work focuses on carbon dioxide and methane emissions, but limited attention is paid to nitrous oxide emissions. This is a crucial omission as nitrous oxide emissions are an extremely potent greenhouse gas and trigger ozone-depleting reactions upon reaching the atmosphere. Using a fixed effects panel regression of 106 developing countries, I estimate the effect of foreign direct investment dependence on nitrous oxide emissions. I find foreign capital dependency is positively associated with nitrous oxide emissions, supporting a refined ecostructural theory of foreign direct investment dependence. This analysis highlights the need for social scientists to consider the environmental impacts of the transnational organization of production beyond carbon dioxide emissions and methane emissions.

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Revisiting Natural Resources—Globalization-Environmental Quality Nexus: Fresh Insights from South Asian Countries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4224

Author(s):

Jian Xue ◽

Zeeshan Rasool ◽

Raima Nazar ◽

Ahmad Imran Khan ◽

Shaukat Hussain Bhatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Ecological Footprint ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Gas Emissions

Widespread interference of human activities has resulted in major environmental problems, including pollution, global warming, land degradation, and biodiversity loss, directly affecting the sustainability and quality of the environment and ecosystem. The study aims to address the impact of the extraction of natural resources and globalization on the environmental quality in the South Asian countries for the period 1991–2018. A new methodology Dynamic Common Correlated Effects is used to deal with cross-sectional dependence. Most previous studies use only carbon dioxide emissions, which is an inadequate measure of environmental quality. Besides carbon dioxide emissions, we have used other greenhouse gas emissions like nitrous oxide and methane emissions with a new indicator, “ecological footprint”. Long-run estimation results indicate a positive and significant relationship of natural resources with all greenhouse gas emissions and a negative association with the ecological footprint. Globalization shows a negative association with carbon dioxide emissions and nitrous oxide emissions and a positive relationship with the ecological footprint. Institutional performance is negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions, methane emissions, and ecological footprint while positively associated with nitrous oxide emissions. The overall findings highlight the pertinence of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ecological footprint, proper utilizing of natural resources, enhancing globalization, and improving institutional performance to ensure environmental sustainability.

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