scholarly journals Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. Vanderhoof ◽  
Charles R. Lane ◽  
Michael G. McManus ◽  
Laurie C. Alexander ◽  
Jay R. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Connected Surface ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Effective monitoring and prediction of flood and drought events requires an improved understanding of how and why surface-water expansion and contraction in response to climate varies across space. This paper sought to (1) quantify how interannual patterns of surface-water expansion and contraction vary spatially across the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) and adjacent Northern Prairie (NP) in the United States, and (2) explore how landscape characteristics influence the relationship between climate inputs and surface-water dynamics. Due to differences in glacial history, the PPR and NP show distinct patterns in regards to drainage development and wetland density, together providing a diversity of conditions to examine surface-water dynamics. We used Landsat imagery to characterize variability in surface-water extent across eleven Landsat path/rows representing the PPR and NP (images spanned 1985–2015). The PPR not only experienced a 2.6-fold greater surface-water extent under median conditions relative to the NP, but also showed a 3.4-fold greater change in surface-water extent between drought and deluge conditions. The relationship between surface-water extent and accumulated water availability (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) was quantified per watershed and statistically related to variables representing hydrology-related landscape characteristics (e.g., infiltration capacity, surface storage capacity, stream density). To investigate the influence stream-connectivity has on the rate at which surface water leaves a given location, we modeled stream-connected and stream-disconnected surface water separately. Stream-connected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with greater total wetland area. Disconnected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with higher wetland density, lower infiltration and less anthropogenic drainage. From these findings, we can expect that shifts in precipitation and evaporative demand will have uneven effects on surface-water quantity. Accurate predictions regarding the effect of climate change on surface-water quantity will require consideration of hydrology-related landscape characteristics including wetlands.

scholarly journals Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1851-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. Vanderhoof ◽  
Charles R. Lane ◽  
Michael G. McManus ◽  
Laurie C. Alexander ◽  
Jay R. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Connected Surface ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Effective monitoring and prediction of flood and drought events requires an improved understanding of how and why surface water expansion and contraction in response to climate varies across space. This paper sought to (1) quantify how interannual patterns of surface water expansion and contraction vary spatially across the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) and adjacent Northern Prairie (NP) in the United States, and (2) explore how landscape characteristics influence the relationship between climate inputs and surface water dynamics. Due to differences in glacial history, the PPR and NP show distinct patterns in regards to drainage development and wetland density, together providing a diversity of conditions to examine surface water dynamics. We used Landsat imagery to characterize variability in surface water extent across 11 Landsat path/rows representing the PPR and NP (images spanned 1985–2015). The PPR not only experienced a 2.6-fold greater surface water extent under median conditions relative to the NP, but also showed a 3.4-fold greater change in surface water extent between drought and deluge conditions. The relationship between surface water extent and accumulated water availability (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) was quantified per watershed and statistically related to variables representing hydrology-related landscape characteristics (e.g., infiltration capacity, surface storage capacity, stream density). To investigate the influence stream connectivity has on the rate at which surface water leaves a given location, we modeled stream-connected and stream-disconnected surface water separately. Stream-connected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with greater total wetland area, but lower total wetland density. Disconnected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with higher wetland density, lower infiltration and less anthropogenic drainage. From these findings, we can expect that shifts in precipitation and evaporative demand will have uneven effects on surface water quantity. Accurate predictions regarding the effect of climate change on surface water quantity will require consideration of hydrology-related landscape characteristics including wetland storage and arrangement.

Using Satellite Imagery to Examine the Relationship between Surface-Water Dynamics of the Salt Lakes of Western Texas and Ogallala Aquifer Depletion

Wetlands ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Heintzman ◽  
S. M. Starr ◽  
K. R. Mulligan ◽  
L. S. Barbato ◽  
N. E. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Ogallala Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer Depletion ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The climatic conditions of the drainage and surface water regime Upper Siret river basin

2013 ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
P. Sukhyj ◽  
I. Berezka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Key Words ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Basin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hydrographic Network

A study of climate Siret River Basin within the Chernivtsi region. Designated hydrographic and hydrometric characteristics of rivers. The relationship between climatic conditions and the hydrographic network and the regime of surface water basin of the Upper Siret. Key words: river basin; climate; surface water; hydrological regime.

scholarly journals The relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index, rainfall, and potential evapotranspiration in a banana plantation of Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Barlin Orlando Olivares Campos ◽  
Franklin Paredes ◽  
Juan Carlos Rey ◽  
Deyanira Lobo ◽  
Stephanie Galvis-Causil
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Index Rainfall ◽  
Banana Wilt ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Banana Plantation

<p>The water supply for rainfed crops such as bananas in the Aragua state of Venezuela is often uncertain, particularly towards the beginning of the rainy season (April-May). Where climatic conditions are seasonal, the temporal evolution of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) closely accompanies the interannual variation of vegetation growth in response to thermal and hydric factors. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between NDVI, rainfall and potential evapotranspiration during the period of January/2016 to December/2017 in a Venezuelan banana plantation. In this study, the NDVI derived from the GIMMS MODIS Terra product, the daily accumulated precipitation data (mm) and the daily mean air temperature (°C) were used as the only way to estimate the potential evapotranspiration. The results showed that the GMOD09Q1-based NDVI reflects reasonably well the spatiotemporal variation in biomass accumulation. Besides, this provides information on the water stress conditions in banana plants at the plot level. The influence of Precipitation and potential evapotranspiration on the NDVI was more evident when a lag of 1 month was considered in terms of the Spearman r, implying that there is a delay in the banana phonological response to rainfall changes and dryness conditions.  However, due to its low spatial resolution (i.e. 250 m), it is not adequate for the identification of banana wilt disease. Therefore, future studies are needed to assess other satellite-derived spectral indices for monitoring the health of banana plants over different sites in Venezuela.</p>

scholarly journals Climatic Effects on Sweetpotato Yield in Southern Ontario

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 570A-570
Author(s):  
A.W. McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The North ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Wide Range

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L) was one crop chosen for development in Ontario in response to demand for alternative crops to tobacco and increasing demand for nontraditional vegetables. A wide range of vegetable crops can be grown in the sandy soils on the north shore of lake Erie. In 1999, there were ≈75 acres of sweetpotatoes grown in Ontario. Lack of an early cultivar to fit a short, warm season was a factor limiting production of sweetpotatoes in southern Ontario. Over an 11–growing season period, cultivars of sweetpotato from several breeding programs in the United States were evaluated for suitability to Ontario climatic conditions. Planting to harvest date season totals for heat units, precipitation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), potential evapotranspiration, and solar radiation were calculated. Yield was regressed on these climatic variables using multiple linear regression. Of the cultivars evaluated, `Beauregard' replaced `Jewel' as the local industry standard after one season's evaluation. Of the numbered lines evaluated, NC9317 appears suitable for commercial trials. Yields varied greatly among years, and the seasonal VPD explained the largest amount of variation in year-to-year yield. Cultivars vary in their response to seasonal VPD. Yield of `Beauregard' increased with increasing seasonal VPD while NC9317 decreased. Cultivars require ability to yield in a short season and the ability to consistently produce under a range of atmospheric VPDs dictated by interannual climatic variation.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Relationship

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.

Confluencia geopolítica entre Cárdenas y Roosevelt:

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-254
Author(s):  
Andreu Espasa
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The New Deal

De forma un tanto paradójica, a finales de los años treinta, las relaciones entre México y Estados Unidos sufrieron uno de los momentos de máxima tensión, para pasar, a continuación, a experimentar una notable mejoría, alcanzando el cénit en la alianza política y militar sellada durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El episodio catalizador de la tensión y posterior reconciliación fue, sin duda, el conflicto diplomático planteado tras la nacionalización petrolera de 1938. De entre los factores que propiciaron la solución pacífica y negociada al conflicto petrolero, el presente artículo se centra en analizar dos fenómenos del momento. En primer lugar, siguiendo un orden de relevancia, se examina el papel que tuvo la Guerra Civil Española. Aunque las posturas de ambos gobiernos ante el conflicto español fueron sustancialmente distintas, las interpretaciones y las lecciones sobre sus posibles consecuencias permitieron un mayor entendimiento entre los dos países vecinos. En segundo lugar, también se analizarán las afinidades ideológicas entre el New Deal y el cardenismo en el contexto de la crisis mundial económica y política de los años treinta, con el fin de entender su papel lubricante en las relaciones bilaterales de la época. Somewhat paradoxically, at the end of the 1930s, the relationship between Mexico and the United States experienced one of its tensest moments, after which it dramatically improved, reaching its zenith in the political and military alliance cemented during World War II. The catalyst for this tension and subsequent reconciliation was, without doubt, the diplomatic conflict that arose after the oil nationalization of 1938. Of the various factors that led to a peaceful negotiated solution to the oil conflict, this article focuses on analyzing two phenomena. Firstly—in order of importance—this article examines the role that the Spanish Civil War played. Although the positions of both governments in relation to the Spanish war were significantly different, the interpretations and lessons concerning potential consequences enabled a greater understanding between the two neighboring countries. Secondly, this article also analyzes the ideological affinities between the New Deal and Cardenismo in the context of the global economic and political crisis of the thirties, seeking to understand their role in facilitating bilateral relations during that period.

Environmental Water Stress in Transboundary River Basins

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales Carvalho-Resende
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Natural Flow Regime ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Transboundary River Basins ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Water Uses

The Environmental Water Stress in Transboundary River Basins indicator focuses on the water quantity aspect and considers hydrological alterations from monthly dynamics of the natural flow regime due to anthropogenic water uses and dam operations. For more information, visit: http://twap-rivers.org/ Basin Stress Surface water Transboundary

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document